CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Legislative and physical pest control methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define legislative pest control methods and explain quarantine importance. Describe physical pest control methods including heat treatment, flooding, and suffocation. Explain use of electromagnetic radiation and physical barriers. State advantages of physical control methods.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Exposition of legislative control importance. Discussion and demonstration of physical control principles. Brain storming on physical control applications.

Government quarantine documents, thermometers, charts showing physical control methods

KLB BK III Pg 187-189

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Cultural pest control methods
Chemical pest control
Biological pest control and crop disease introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of pest control including timely planting and harvesting. Explain crop rotation, trap cropping, and field hygiene practices. Describe use of resistant varieties and clean planting materials. State advantages of cultural control methods.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Brain storming on farming practices for pest control. Discussion on cultural control effectiveness. Case studies of successful cultural control examples.

Charts showing crop rotation cycles, pictures of trap crops, resistant variety samples, clean seeds
Sample pesticide containers, charts showing pesticide classification, application equipment
Pictures of beneficial insects, predator-prey relationship charts, diseased plant samples

KLB BK III Pg 189-192

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Fungal diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of fungi as disease-causing agents. Classify parasitic fungi into main groups. Explain late blight disease of potatoes and tomatoes. Describe rust and smut diseases of cereals.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Exposition of fungal characteristics and classification. Discussion on major fungal diseases. Examination of infected plant specimens.

Pictures of fungal structures, infected potato leaves, rusted plants, smut-infected crops

KLB BK III Pg 197-201

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Coffee berry disease and other fungal diseases
Viral diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain coffee berry disease symptoms, conditions favoring infection, and control methods. Identify other common fungal diseases including powdery mildew and fusarium wilt. Compare different fungal disease symptoms and control strategies.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Case study of coffee berry disease. Discussion on disease conditions and control. Examination of infected coffee berries and other specimens.

Pictures of infected coffee berries, charts showing disease cycle, fungal disease specimens
Pictures of mosaic-infected plants, charts showing viral transmission, infected cassava and tobacco samples

KLB BK III Pg 201-203

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Bacterial diseases and nutritional disorders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of bacteria as facultative parasites. Explain bacterial blight of coffee symptoms and control. Identify symptoms of nutritional disorders in crops. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic disease causes.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Discussion on bacterial disease characteristics. Case study of bacterial blight. Brain storming on nutrient deficiency symptoms and other abiotic causes.

Pictures of bacterial-infected plants, nutrient-deficient plants, charts showing various disease symptoms

KLB BK III Pg 204-206

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES
CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Cultural control of crop diseases
Chemical and legislative control of diseases
Maize - ecological requirements and varieties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of disease control including field hygiene and clean planting materials. Explain proper spacing, heat treatment, and crop rotation for disease control. Describe use of disease-resistant varieties. State advantages of cultural disease control.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Brain storming on cultural disease control methods. Discussion on hygiene importance and resistant varieties. Demonstration of proper spacing principles.

Charts showing cultural control methods, disease-resistant variety samples, clean farming tools
Fungicide samples, spraying equipment, government regulation documents, integrated management charts
Charts showing ecological zones, maize variety samples, maps of Kenya showing maize growing areas

KLB BK III Pg 206-207

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Maize - land preparation and planting
Maize - field operations
Maize - pest and disease control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe land preparation methods for maize. Explain selection and preparation of planting materials. Outline planting procedures including spacing and depth. State factors affecting planting time and spacing.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Discussion on land preparation importance. Demonstration of seed selection. Brain storming on planting factors.

Farm tools, certified maize seeds, measuring equipment, charts showing planting procedures
Fertilizer samples, calculators, charts showing application methods, herbicide containers
Pictures of maize pests, damaged maize plants, pest control chemicals

KLB BK III Pg 200-201

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Finger millet production
Finger millet - field management and pest control
Bulrush millet and sorghum production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for finger millet. Identify finger millet varieties grown in Kenya. Describe land preparation and planting methods. Explain advantages of finger millet as a food security crop.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Exposition of finger millet characteristics. Discussion on growing conditions. Examination of finger millet specimens.

Finger millet samples, charts showing ecological requirements, pictures of finger millet fields
Fertilizer samples, finger millet storage containers, pictures of head blast disease
Bulrush millet and sorghum samples, charts comparing crop characteristics

KLB BK III Pg 204-206

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Sorghum - pest and disease control
Beans production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major pests of sorghum including birds and stem borers. Describe control methods for sorghum pests. Explain diseases affecting sorghum. Outline harvesting and marketing of sorghum.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Discussion on bird pest problems. Examination of pest-damaged sorghum. Brain storming on control strategies.

Pictures of quelea birds, damaged sorghum plants, sorghum harvesting tools
Different bean variety samples, charts showing ecological requirements

KLB BK III Pg 210-211

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Beans - field operations and pest control
Rice production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe field operations in beans including weeding and irrigation. Identify pests and diseases affecting beans. Explain control methods for bean diseases including halo blight and anthracnose. Outline harvesting methods for dry and green beans.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Discussion on field management. Case study of bean diseases. Brain storming on disease control.

Pictures of bean diseases, diseased bean specimens, irrigation equipment
Maps showing rice schemes, pictures of rice fields, water control equipment

KLB BK III Pg 212-214

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Harvesting of industrial crops - cotton and pyrethrum

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe harvesting methods and procedures for cotton. Explain grading of cotton during harvesting. Outline harvesting methods for pyrethrum flowers. State precautions during harvesting of these crops.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Demonstration of cotton grading. Discussion on harvesting procedures. Brain storming on quality maintenance.

Cotton samples showing different grades, pyrethrum flowers, harvesting baskets

KLB BK III Pg 215-217

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Harvesting of industrial crops - sugarcane and coffee
Harvesting of industrial crops - tea

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe harvesting methods for sugarcane including maturation indicators. Explain procedures for coffee cherry harvesting. State quality factors in coffee harvesting. Outline precautions during harvesting of tree crops.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Discussion on crop maturation signs. Examination of coffee cherries at different stages. Brain storming on quality maintenance.

Sugarcane samples, coffee cherries at different ripeness stages, harvesting tools
Tea plucking stick, tea baskets, fresh tea specimens showing different plucking standards

KLB BK III Pg 217-218

FORAGE CROPS

Introduction and pasture classification
Pasture establishment and planting materials
Fertilizer application and legume inoculation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define forage crops and distinguish between forage and fodder crops. Define pasture and classify pastures according to stand, establishment and ecological zones. Explain the difference between natural and artificial pastures. Give examples of pastures at different altitudes.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Exposition of forage concepts. Discussion on pasture classification. Examination of grass and legume specimens from different zones.

Charts showing pasture classification, specimens of grasses and legumes, altitude maps
Farm tools, pasture seeds, rhizomes, splits, charts showing sowing methods
Fertilizer samples, rhizobium inoculant, charts showing nitrogen fixation, legume nodules

KLB BK III Pg 218-222

FORAGE CROPS

Pasture management practices
Pasture utilization and defoliation
Carrying capacity and grazing systems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify effects of weeds on pasture productivity and explain control measures. Describe top dressing procedures and reasons. Explain topping, reseeding and controlled grazing methods. State pest control measures in pastures.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Brain storming on weed problems and management practices. Discussion on fertilizer selection and grazing control. Demonstration of management principles.

Pictures of pasture weeds, fertilizer samples, slashing tools, charts showing management practices
Charts showing defoliation effects, pasture quality samples, grazing schedules
Calculators, carrying capacity charts, paddocking diagrams, pictures of grazing methods

KLB BK III Pg 227-230

FORAGE CROPS

Napier grass production
Other fodder crops
Agroforestry fodder and conservation introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for napier grass. Distinguish between French Cameroon and Bana grass varieties. Describe land preparation and planting procedures. Explain fertilizer application, weed control and defoliation management.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Exposition of napier grass characteristics. Discussion on variety selection and management. Demonstration of planting procedures.

Napier grass specimens, stem cuttings with nodes, fertilizer samples, cutting tools
Guatemala grass specimens, mangold samples, clover and lucerne specimens, desmodium varieties
Leucaenia and calliandra samples, charts showing conservation methods, seasonal feed charts

KLB BK III Pg 237-240

FORAGE CROPS

Hay making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe hay making procedures and steps. Outline factors determining hay quality including species and harvesting stage. Explain proper drying and storage methods for hay. State advantages and disadvantages of hay making.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Discussion on hay making steps. Exposition of quality factors. Brain storming on quality maintenance during storage.

Hay samples, charts showing hay making process, storage equipment diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 245-247

FORAGE CROPS
LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Silage making and silo types
Silage quality and requirements calculation
Introduction to livestock diseases and observable conditions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe silage making process and advantages over hay. Compare different types of silos including trench, clamp and tower silos. Explain steps followed in making silage. State principles of silage preservation and fermentation.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Discussion on silage advantages. Examination of silo diagrams. Exposition of fermentation principles and preservation.

Charts showing silo types, silage samples, fermentation diagrams, pH testing materials
Calculators, silage quality charts, additive samples, measurement tools, calculation worksheets
Charts showing disease symptoms, thermometer, pictures of sick animals, disease organism diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 247-249

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Terms used in livestock diseases
Classification and protozoan diseases - ECF and anaplasmosis
Protozoan diseases - coccidiosis and trypanosomiasis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define incubation period and mortality in disease outbreaks. Distinguish between curative and preventive treatment. Explain natural and artificial immunity types. Describe vaccines and their mode of action.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Exposition of disease terminology. Discussion on immunity types. Brain storming on treatment approaches. Question and answer on disease terms.

Charts showing immunity types, vaccine samples, timeline charts for incubation periods
Disease classification charts, tick specimens, pictures of ECF symptoms, maps showing disease distribution
Pictures of coccidiosis symptoms, tsetse fly specimens, maps showing trypanosomiasis areas, drug samples

KLB BK III Pg 251-252

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - mastitis
Bacterial diseases - fowl typhoid and foot rot
Bacterial diseases - contagious abortion and scours

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe mastitis as inflammation of mammary glands. Identify predisposing factors for mastitis including age and udder attachment. Explain symptoms of mastitis including milk changes. Outline control and treatment methods for mastitis.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Discussion on mastitis importance. Examination of mastitis symptoms. Demonstration of proper milking techniques. Brain storming on prevention methods.

Pictures of mastitis symptoms, milk samples showing mastitis, milking equipment, antibiotic samples
Pictures of fowl typhoid symptoms, foot rot specimens, hoof trimming tools, foot bath chemicals
Charts showing brucellosis transmission, pictures of scours symptoms, vaccination schedules, hygiene materials

KLB BK III Pg 255-257

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - black quarter, anthrax and pneumonia
Viral diseases - rinderpest and foot and mouth disease

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe black quarter symptoms and spore-forming bacteria. Explain anthrax as notifiable disease affecting all warm-blooded animals. Describe pneumonia in young animals and predisposing factors. State control measures including vaccination and proper disposal.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Discussion on acute bacterial diseases. Exposition of notifiable diseases. Brain storming on disease prevention. Case study of anthrax control.

Pictures of black quarter symptoms, anthrax control procedures, vaccination equipment, ventilation diagrams
Pictures of rinderpest symptoms, foot and mouth disease lesions, quarantine procedures, vaccination records

KLB BK III Pg 261-263

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Viral diseases - Newcastle, fowl pox and Gumboro
Viral diseases - African swine fever
Nutritional disorders - milk fever and bloat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Newcastle disease symptoms and high mortality. Explain fowl pox types including cutaneous and diphtheritic forms. Describe Gumboro disease affecting immune system. State control measures for poultry viral diseases.

In groups, learners are guided to:
Discussion on poultry viral diseases. Examination of fowl pox lesions. Brain storming on vaccination schedules. Case study of Gumboro (poultry AIDS).

Pictures of Newcastle symptoms, fowl pox lesions, Gumboro symptoms, poultry vaccination equipment
Pictures of African swine fever symptoms, pig management charts, quarantine procedures, disease control equipment
Calcium injection equipment, charts showing milk fever symptoms, bloat treatment tools, nutritional supplements

KLB BK III Pg 265-267