Measurements

Area - Area of a pentagon

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a regular pentagon
- Draw a regular pentagon and divide it into triangles
- Calculate the area of a regular pentagon

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw a regular pentagon of sides 4 cm using protractor (108° angles)
- Join vertices to the centre to form triangles
- Determine the height of one triangle
- Calculate area of one triangle then multiply by number of triangles
- Use alternative formula: ½ × perimeter × perpendicular height

How do we find the area of a pentagon?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 85
- Rulers and protractors
- Compasses
- Graph paper
- Charts showing pentagons

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Area of a hexagon
Area - Surface area of triangular prisms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a regular hexagon
- Draw a regular hexagon and identify equilateral triangles
- Calculate the area of a regular hexagon

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw a circle of radius 5 cm
- Mark arcs of 5 cm on the circumference to form 6 points
- Join points to form a regular hexagon
- Join vertices to centre to form equilateral triangles
- Calculate area using formula
- Verify using alternative method

How do we find the area of a hexagon?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 85
- Compasses and rulers
- Protractors
- Manila paper
- Digital devices
- Models of prisms
- Graph paper
- Rulers
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Area - Surface area of rectangular prisms
Area - Surface area of pyramids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify rectangular prisms (cuboids)
- Sketch nets of cuboids
- Calculate surface area of rectangular prisms

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Sketch nets of rectangular prisms
- Identify pairs of equal rectangular faces
- Calculate area of each face
- Apply formula: 2(lw + lh + wh)
- Solve real-life problems involving cuboids

How do we calculate the surface area of a cuboid?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 85
- Cuboid models
- Manila paper
- Scissors
- Calculators
- Sticks/straws
- Graph paper
- Protractors
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Area - Surface area of square and rectangular pyramids
Area - Area of sectors of circles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between square and rectangular based pyramids
- Apply Pythagoras theorem to find heights
- Calculate surface area of square and rectangular pyramids

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Sketch nets of square and rectangular pyramids
- Use Pythagoras theorem to find perpendicular heights
- Calculate area of base
- Calculate area of each triangular face
- Apply formula: Base area + sum of triangular faces

How do we calculate surface area of different pyramids?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 85
- Graph paper
- Calculators
- Pyramid models
- Charts
- Compasses and rulers
- Protractors
- Digital devices
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Area - Area of segments of circles
Area - Surface area of cones

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a segment of a circle
- Distinguish between major and minor segments
- Calculate area of segments

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw a circle and mark two points on circumference
- Join points with a chord to form segments
- Calculate area of sector
- Calculate area of triangle
- Apply formula: Area of segment = Area of sector - Area of triangle
- Calculate area of major segments

How do we calculate the area of a segment?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 85
- Compasses
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Graph paper
- Manila paper
- Scissors
- Compasses and rulers
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Area - Surface area of spheres and hemispheres
Volume - Volume of triangular prisms
Volume - Volume of rectangular prisms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a sphere and hemisphere
- Derive the formula for surface area of a sphere
- Calculate surface area of spheres and hemispheres

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Get a spherical ball and rectangular paper
- Cover ball with paper to form open cylinder
- Measure diameter and compare to height
- Derive formula: 4πr²
- Calculate surface area of hemispheres: 3πr²
- Solve real-life problems

How do we calculate the surface area of a sphere?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 85
- Spherical balls
- Rectangular paper
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 102
- Straws and paper
- Sand or soil
- Measuring tools
- Reference books
- Cuboid models
- Charts
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Volume - Volume of square-based pyramids
Volume - Volume of rectangular-based pyramids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a right pyramid
- Relate pyramid volume to cube volume
- Calculate volume of square-based pyramids

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Model a cube and pyramid with same base and height
- Fill pyramid with soil and transfer to cube
- Observe that pyramid is ⅓ of cube
- Apply formula: V = ⅓ × base area × height
- Calculate volumes of square-based pyramids

How do we find the volume of a pyramid?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 102
- Modeling materials
- Soil or sand
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Pyramid models
- Graph paper
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements

Volume - Volume of triangular-based pyramids
Volume - Introduction to volume of cones

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate area of triangular bases
- Apply Pythagoras theorem where necessary
- Calculate volume of triangular-based pyramids

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate area of triangular base (using ½bh)
- For equilateral triangles, use Pythagoras to find height
- Apply formula: V = ⅓ × (½bh) × H
- Solve problems with different triangular bases

How do we find volume of triangular pyramids?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 102
- Triangular pyramid models
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Charts
- Cone and cylinder models
- Water
- Digital devices
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements

Volume - Calculating volume of cones
Volume - Volume of frustums of pyramids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply the cone volume formula
- Use Pythagoras theorem to find missing dimensions
- Calculate volumes of cones with different measurements

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Apply formula: V = ⅓πr²h
- Use Pythagoras to find radius when given slant height
- Use Pythagoras to find height when given slant height
- Solve practical problems (birthday caps, funnels)

How do we calculate the volume of a cone?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 102
- Cone models
- Calculators
- Graph paper
- Reference materials
- Pyramid models
- Cutting tools
- Rulers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements

Volume - Volume of frustums of cones
Volume - Volume of spheres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify frustums of cones
- Apply the frustum concept to cones
- Calculate volume of frustums of cones

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify frustums with circular bases
- Calculate volume of original cone
- Calculate volume of small cone cut off
- Subtract to get volume of frustum
- Solve real-life problems (lampshades, buckets)

How do we calculate the volume of a frustum of a cone?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 102
- Cone models
- Frustum examples
- Calculators
- Reference books
- Hollow spheres
- Water or soil

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements

Volume - Volume of hemispheres and applications
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Conversion of units of mass

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a hemisphere
- Calculate volume of hemispheres
- Solve real-life problems involving volumes

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Apply formula: V = ½ × 4/3πr³ = 2/3πr³
- Calculate volumes of hemispheres
- Solve problems involving spheres and hemispheres
- Apply to real situations (bowls, domes, balls)

How do we calculate the volume of a hemisphere?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 102
- Hemisphere models
- Calculators
- Real objects
- Reference materials
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 111
- Weighing balances
- Various objects
- Conversion charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements

Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - More practice on mass conversions
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Relationship between mass and weight
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Calculating mass and gravity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert masses to kilograms
- Apply conversions in real-life contexts
- Appreciate the importance of mass measurements

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Convert various masses to kilograms
- Work with large masses (tonnes)
- Work with small masses (milligrams, micrograms)
- Solve practical problems (construction, medicine, shopping)

Why is it important to convert units of mass?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 111
- Conversion tables
- Calculators
- Real-world examples
- Reference books
- Spring balances
- Various objects
- Charts
- Charts showing planetary data
- Reference materials
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements

Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Introduction to density
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Calculating density, mass and volume

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define density
- State units of density
- Relate mass, volume and density

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Weigh empty container
- Measure volume of water using measuring cylinder
- Weigh container with water
- Calculate mass of water
- Divide mass by volume to get density
- Apply formula: Density = Mass/Volume

What is density?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 111
- Weighing balances
- Measuring cylinders
- Water
- Containers
- Calculators
- Charts with formulas
- Various solid objects
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Applications of density
Time, Distance and Speed - Working out speed in km/h and m/s

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply density to identify materials
- Determine if objects will float or sink
- Solve real-life problems using density

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Compare calculated density with known values
- Identify minerals (e.g., diamond) using density
- Determine if objects float (density < 1 g/cm³)
- Apply to quality control (milk, water)
- Solve problems involving balloons, anchors

How is density used in real life?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 111
- Density tables
- Calculators
- Real-world scenarios
- Reference materials
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 117
- Stopwatches
- Tape measures
- Open field
- Conversion charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Calculating distance and time from speed
Time, Distance and Speed - Working out average speed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Rearrange speed formula to find distance
- Rearrange speed formula to find time
- Solve problems involving speed, distance and time
- Apply to real-life situations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Apply formula: Distance = Speed × Time
- Apply formula: Time = Distance/Speed
- Solve problems with different units
- Apply to journeys, races, train travel
- Work with Madaraka Express train problems
- Calculate distances covered at given speeds
- Calculate time taken for journeys

How do we calculate distance and time from speed?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 117
- Calculators
- Formula charts
- Real-world examples
- Reference materials
- Field with marked points
- Stopwatches
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Determining velocity
Time, Distance and Speed - Working out acceleration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define velocity
- Distinguish between speed and velocity
- Calculate velocity with direction
- Appreciate the importance of direction in velocity

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Define velocity as speed in a given direction
- Identify that velocity includes direction
- Calculate velocity for objects moving in straight lines
- Understand that velocity can be positive or negative
- Understand that same speed in opposite directions means different velocities
- Apply to real situations involving directional movement

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 117
- Diagrams showing direction
- Calculators
- Charts
- Reference materials
- Field for activity
- Stopwatches
- Measuring tools
- Formula charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Deceleration and applications
Time, Distance and Speed - Identifying longitudes on the globe
Time, Distance and Speed - Relating longitudes to time

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define deceleration (retardation)
- Calculate deceleration
- Distinguish between acceleration and deceleration
- Solve problems involving both acceleration and deceleration
- Appreciate safety implications

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Define deceleration as negative acceleration
- Calculate when final velocity is less than initial velocity
- Apply to vehicles slowing down, braking
- Apply to matatus crossing speed bumps
- Understand safety implications of deceleration
- Calculate final velocity given acceleration and time
- Solve problems on cars, buses, gazelles
- Discuss importance of controlled deceleration for safety

What is deceleration and why is it important for safety?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 117
- Calculators
- Road safety materials
- Charts
- Reference materials
- Globes
- Atlases
- World maps
- Time zone maps
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Calculating time differences between places
Time, Distance and Speed - Determining local time of places along different longitudes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate longitude differences
- Calculate time differences between places
- Apply rules for same side and opposite sides of Greenwich
- Convert time differences to hours and minutes

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Find longitude difference:
• Subtract longitudes if on same side of Greenwich
• Add longitudes if on opposite sides of Greenwich
- Multiply longitude difference by 4 minutes
- Convert minutes to hours and minutes
- Determine if place is ahead or behind GMT
- Solve problems on towns X and Z, Memphis and Kigali
- Complete tables with longitude and time differences

How do we calculate time difference from longitudes?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 117
- Atlases
- Calculators
- Time zone charts
- Reference books
- World maps
- Time zone references
- Real-world scenarios

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Identifying currencies of different countries
Money - Converting foreign currency to Kenyan shillings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify currencies used in different countries
- State the Kenyan currency and its abbreviation
- Match countries with their currencies
- Appreciate diversity in world currencies

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices to search for pictures of currencies
- Identify currencies of Britain, Uganda, Tanzania, USA, Rwanda, South Africa
- Make a collage of currencies from African countries
- Complete tables matching countries with their currencies
- Study Kenya shilling and its subdivision into cents
- Discuss the importance of different currencies

What currencies are used in different countries?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 131
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures of currencies
- Atlases
- Reference materials
- Currency conversion tables
- Calculators
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Project work

Measurements

Money - Converting Kenyan shillings to foreign currency and buying/selling rates
Money - Export duty on goods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert Kenyan shillings to foreign currencies
- Distinguish between buying and selling rates
- Apply correct rates when converting currency
- Solve multi-step currency problems

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Convert Ksh to Ugandan shillings, Sterling pounds, Japanese Yen
- Study Table 3.5.2 showing buying and selling rates
- Understand that banks buy at lower rate, sell at higher rate
- Learn when to use buying rate (foreign to Ksh)
- Learn when to use selling rate (Ksh to foreign)
- Solve tourist problems with multiple conversions
- Visit commercial banks or Forex Bureaus

Why do buying and selling rates differ?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 131
- Exchange rate tables
- Calculators
- Real-world scenarios
- Reference books
- Examples of export goods
- Charts
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Import duty on goods
Money - Excise duty and Value Added Tax (VAT)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define import and import duty
- Calculate customs value of imported goods
- Calculate import duty on goods
- Apply knowledge to real-life situations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss goods imported into Kenya
- Learn about Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA)
- Calculate customs value: Cost + Insurance + Freight
- Apply formula: Import duty = Tax rate × Customs value
- Solve problems on vehicles, electronics, tractors, phones
- Discuss ways to reduce imports
- Understand importance of local production

What is import duty and how is it calculated?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 131
- Calculators
- Import duty examples
- Charts
- Reference books
- Digital devices
- ETR receipts
- Tax rate tables
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Combined duties and taxes on imported goods
Approximations and Errors - Approximating quantities in measurements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate multiple taxes on imported goods
- Apply import duty, excise duty, and VAT sequentially
- Solve complex problems involving all taxes
- Appreciate the cumulative effect of taxes

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate import duty first
- Calculate excise value: Customs value + Import duty
- Calculate excise duty on excise value
- Calculate VAT value: Customs value + Import duty + Excise duty
- Calculate VAT on VAT value
- Apply to vehicles, electronics, cement, phones
- Solve comprehensive taxation problems
- Work backwards to find customs value

How do we calculate total taxes on imported goods?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 131
- Calculators
- Comprehensive examples
- Charts showing tax flow
- Reference materials
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 146
- Tape measures
- Various objects to measure
- Containers for capacity

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements

Approximations and Errors - Determining errors using estimations and actual measurements
Approximations and Errors - Calculating percentage error
Approximations and Errors - Percentage error in real-life situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define error in measurement
- Calculate error using approximated and actual values
- Distinguish between positive and negative errors
- Appreciate the importance of accuracy

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Fill 500 ml bottle and measure actual volume
- Calculate difference between labeled and actual values
- Apply formula: Error = Approximated value - Actual value
- Work with errors in mass, length, volume, time
- Complete tables showing actual, estimated values and errors
- Apply to bread packages, water bottles, cement bags
- Discuss integrity in measurements

What is error and how do we calculate it?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 146
- Measuring cylinders
- Water bottles
- Weighing scales
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Tape measures
- Open ground for activities
- Reference books
- Real-world scenarios
- Case studies

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurements
4.0 Geometry

Approximations and Errors - Complex applications and problem-solving
4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Similar figures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve complex problems involving percentage errors
- Apply error calculations to budgeting and planning
- Evaluate the impact of errors
- Emphasize honesty and integrity in approximations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate percentage errors in fuel consumption estimates
- Work on budget estimation errors (school fuel budgets)
- Solve problems on athlete timing and weight
- Apply to construction cost estimates
- Analyze large errors and their consequences
- Discuss ways to minimize errors
- Emphasize ethical considerations in approximations
- Solve comprehensive review problems

How can we minimize errors and ensure accuracy?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 146
- Calculators
- Complex scenarios
- Charts
- Reference books
- Real-world case studies
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 185
- Various objects
- Cut-outs of shapes
- Models

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Project work

4.0 Geometry

4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Properties of similar figures (1)
4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Properties of similar figures (2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the properties of similar figures
- Measure corresponding sides and determine ratios accurately
- Appreciate that ratios of corresponding sides are constant

The learner is guided to:
- Trace similar triangles
- Measure lengths of corresponding sides
- Determine ratios of corresponding sides
- Observe that the ratios are equal

What is the relationship between sides of similar figures?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 186
- Rulers
- Tracing papers
- Calculators
- Pencils
- Protractors
- Practice worksheets

- Class activities - Written assignments

4.0 Geometry

4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Drawing similar figures
4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Determining properties of enlargement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the steps for constructing similar figures
- Construct and draw similar figures accurately using scale factors
- Show interest in verifying similarity by measuring angles

The learner is guided to:
- Construct triangles with given dimensions
- Construct similar triangles with sides in given ratios
- Measure angles to verify similarity
- Discuss their findings with classmates

How do we construct similar figures accurately?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 189
- Rulers
- Compasses
- Protractors
- Plain papers
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 190
- Tracing papers
- Models

- Observation - Practical activities

4.0 Geometry

4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Positive scale factor (1)
4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Positive scale factor (2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what happens when scale factor is greater than 1
- Draw enlargements with scale factors greater than 1 accurately
- Develop interest in observing that images are larger when scale factor > 1

The learner is guided to:
- Draw lines from centre to object vertices
- Multiply distances by scale factor
- Locate image points along extended lines
- Observe that object and image are on same side of centre

What happens when the scale factor is greater than 1?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 192
- Rulers
- Compasses
- Graph papers
- Pencils
- Plain papers
- Models

- Observation - Written tests

4.0 Geometry

4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Negative scale factor (1)
4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Negative scale factor (2)
4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Enlargement on the Cartesian plane (1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the properties of enlargement with negative scale factors
- Draw enlargements with negative scale factors and position images correctly
- Show interest in recognizing that images are inverted with negative scale factors

The learner is guided to:
- Observe objects and images with negative scale factors
- Note that they are on opposite sides of centre
- Draw enlargements with negative scale factors
- Observe that images are inverted

What is special about negative scale factors?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 196
- Rulers
- Compasses
- Graph papers
- Tracing papers
- Plain papers
- Calculators
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 198
- Pencils

- Observation - Oral questions

4.0 Geometry

4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Enlargement on the Cartesian plane (2)
4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Linear scale factor of similar figures (1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the process of enlarging figures with centre not at origin
- Determine coordinates of images after enlargement and solve related problems
- Appreciate applying both positive and negative scale factors on Cartesian plane

The learner is guided to:
- Plot figures with given vertices
- Enlarge with centres at various points
- Determine image coordinates
- Apply both positive and negative scale factors

What happens when the centre is not at the origin?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 198
- Graph papers
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Digital devices
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 200
- Similar objects
- Models

- Written tests - Class activities

4.0 Geometry

4.3 Similarity and Enlargement - Linear scale factor of similar figures (2)
4.4 Trigonometry - Angles and sides of right-angled triangles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain applications of linear scale factor in real-life situations
- Solve problems involving scale models and drawings
- Appreciate use of similarity in architecture and mapping

The learner is guided to:
- Work with scale drawings and models
- Determine actual dimensions from scale drawings
- Calculate linear scale factors from given information
- Discuss applications in architecture and mapping

How is linear scale factor used in real life?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 200
- Maps
- Scale models
- Calculators
- Real objects
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 205
- Rulers
- Set squares
- Models of triangles
- Charts

- Written assignments - Written tests

4.0 Geometry

4.4 Trigonometry - Tangent ratio and tables of tangents
4.4 Trigonometry - Sine and cosine ratios, tables of sines and cosines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define tangent of an angle as opposite/adjacent
- Calculate tangent ratios from right-angled triangles and read from tables
- Appreciate that tangent ratio is constant for a given angle

The learner is guided to:
- Work out ratios of opposite to adjacent sides
- Recognize that the ratio is constant for a given angle
- Define tangent as opposite/adjacent
- Read tangent values from tables

What is the tangent of an angle?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 207
- Mathematical tables
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Right-angled triangles
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 211
- Models

- Class activities - Written tests

4.0 Geometry
5.0 Data Handling and Probability
5.0 Data Handling and Probability
5.0 Data Handling and Probability

4.4 Trigonometry - Using calculators and applications of trigonometric ratios
5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Determining appropriate class width for grouping data
5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Drawing frequency distribution tables of grouped data
5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Identifying the modal class of grouped data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to use calculators to find trigonometric ratios
- Apply trigonometric ratios to calculate unknown sides and angles
- Appreciate using trigonometry to solve real-life problems

The learner is guided to:
- Use calculator buttons for sin, cos, tan
- Find inverse trigonometric ratios
- Calculate unknown lengths in right-angled triangles
- Solve problems involving heights, distances and angles

How do we use trigonometry to solve real-life problems?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 217
- Scientific calculators
- Rulers
- Protractors
- Real-life problem scenarios
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 224
- Writing materials
- Calculators
- Chart papers
- Digital devices
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 226
- Tally sheets
- Data sets
- Pencils
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 228
- Frequency distribution tables
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Practical activities

5.0 Data Handling and Probability

5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Calculating the mean of grouped data (1)
5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Calculating the mean of grouped data (2)
5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Determining the median of grouped data (1)
5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Determining the median of grouped data (2)
5.1 Data Interpretation (Grouped Data) - Determining the median of grouped data (3)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of finding mean of grouped data
- Calculate midpoints of classes
- Show interest in organizing data to find the mean

The learner is guided to:
- Group given data into classes
- Add class limits and divide by 2 to get midpoints
- Work out products of midpoints and frequencies (fx)
- Find the sum of fx values

How do we find the mean of grouped data?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 230
- Calculators
- Frequency tables
- Writing materials
- Mathematical tables
- Data sets
- Charts
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 232
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 234
- Formula charts
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 236
- Practice worksheets

- Observation - Written tests

5.0 Data Handling and Probability

5.2 Probability - Experiments involving equally and likely outcomes
5.2 Probability - Range of probability of an event

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define equally likely outcomes
- Perform experiments to determine equally likely outcomes
- Appreciate that equally likely outcomes have equal chances of happening

The learner is guided to:
- Toss a coin and note the side facing up
- Predict and observe outcomes of coin tossing
- Discuss whether outcomes are predictable
- Work out probabilities using dice and other objects

What are equally likely outcomes?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 239
- Coins
- Dice
- Triangular pyramids
- Baskets and pens
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 241
- Calculators
- Charts showing probability range

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

5.0 Data Handling and Probability

5.2 Probability - Identifying mutually exclusive events
5.2 Probability - Experiments of single chance involving mutually exclusive events
5.2 Probability - Experiments involving independent events
5.2 Probability - Drawing tree diagrams for single outcomes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define mutually exclusive events
- Identify mutually exclusive events from given situations
- Appreciate that mutually exclusive events cannot occur simultaneously

The learner is guided to:
- Observe a coin toss and note that both sides cannot face up
- Discuss what the referee does before a football match
- Identify events that exclude each other
- Give examples of mutually exclusive events from daily life

What are mutually exclusive events?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 243
- Coins
- Pictures of referees
- Real-life scenarios
- Charts
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 244
- Colored pens
- Bags
- Dice
- Number cards
- Calculators
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 246
- Colored balls
- Baskets
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 248
- Drawing materials
- Chart papers
- Rulers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments