Hygiene Practices

Personal Hygiene - What is personal hygiene
Personal Hygiene - Handwashing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what personal hygiene means
- Identify healthy practices that promote personal hygiene
- Value the importance of personal hygiene

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss what personal hygiene means
- Observe pictures showing healthy practices
- Identify healthy practices they carry out
- Share experiences on personal hygiene practices

What is personal hygiene?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 91
- Pictures showing healthy practices
- Charts
- Video clips (if available)
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 92
- Handwashing facilities
- Soap
- Water
- Charts showing handwashing steps

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Group discussion assessment

Hygiene Practices

Personal Hygiene - Use of personal protective equipment
Personal Hygiene - Types of personal protective equipment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify personal protective equipment
- Explain the importance of personal protective equipment
- Appreciate the use of personal protective equipment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss what personal protective equipment (PPE) is
- Observe pictures of different PPEs
- Identify when to use different PPEs
- Demonstrate correct use of PPEs

Why do we use personal protective equipment?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 94
- Pictures of personal protective equipment
- Actual PPEs (masks, gloves, aprons)
- Charts
- Video clips (if available)
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 95
- Various types of PPEs
- Pictures of PPEs
- Matching cards

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Demonstration assessment

Hygiene Practices

Personal Hygiene - Benefits of personal protective equipment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the benefits of using personal protective equipment
- Describe how PPEs prevent the spread of germs
- Show interest in using PPEs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss benefits of using personal protective equipment
- Identify how PPEs prevent the spread of germs
- Create posters on benefits of PPEs
- Present posters to the class

What are the benefits of using personal protective equipment?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 96
- Charts showing benefits of PPEs
- Pictures
- Drawing materials
- Video clips (if available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Poster assessment

Hygiene Practices

Personal Hygiene - Use of clean water
Personal Hygiene - Preparing clean water for drinking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of using clean water
- Identify sources of clean water
- Value the use of clean water in hygiene practices

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss importance of using clean water
- Identify sources of clean water
- Observe pictures of clean and dirty water
- Discuss consequences of using dirty water

Why should we use clean water?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 97
- Pictures showing clean and dirty water
- Charts
- Sample of clean and dirty water
- Video clips (if available)
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 98
- Water
- Cooking pot with lid
- Source of heat
- Storage container with lid

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Group discussion assessment

Hygiene Practices

Personal Hygiene - Uses of clean water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of clean water in hygiene practices
- Describe importance of clean water in different hygiene practices
- Appreciate the importance of clean water

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss uses of clean water in hygiene practices
- Observe pictures showing uses of clean water
- Identify hygiene practices that require clean water
- Create posters on uses of clean water

How do we use clean water in hygiene practices?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 99
- Pictures showing uses of clean water
- Charts
- Drawing materials
- Video clips (if available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Poster assessment

Hygiene Practices

Personal Hygiene - Keeping a personal hygiene record

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a personal hygiene record
- Monitor personal hygiene practices
- Value regular hygiene practices

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss importance of monitoring hygiene practices
- Create a personal hygiene record template
- Fill in the record daily
- Review personal hygiene records

Why should we keep a personal hygiene record?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 99
- Personal hygiene record templates
- Writing materials
- Charts
- Sample filled records

- Observation - Record assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Hygiene Practices

Personal Hygiene - Promoting personal hygiene

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create messages to promote personal hygiene
- Communicate importance of personal hygiene
- Show commitment to promoting personal hygiene

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Create messages to promote personal hygiene
- Design posters with hygiene messages
- Present posters to the class
- Display posters around the school

How can we promote personal hygiene?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 99
- Drawing materials
- Charts
- Display boards
- Sample posters

- Observation - Project assessment - Presentation assessment - Peer assessment

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Methods of cleaning the home

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods of cleaning the home environment
- Describe different cleaning methods
- Appreciate the importance of a clean home environment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss methods of cleaning the home environment
- Observe pictures showing different cleaning methods
- Identify cleaning methods used at home
- Demonstrate simple cleaning methods

What methods are used to clean our homes?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 100
- Pictures showing cleaning methods
- Charts
- Video clips (if available)
- Cleaning materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Demonstration assessment

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Materials and tools for cleaning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify materials and tools for cleaning the home
- Match cleaning tools to appropriate cleaning tasks
- Value proper use of cleaning tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe different cleaning materials and tools
- Discuss uses of different cleaning tools
- Match cleaning tools to appropriate cleaning tasks
- Identify locally available cleaning materials

What materials and tools are used for cleaning our homes?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 101
- Cleaning materials and tools
- Pictures of cleaning tools
- Charts
- Matching cards

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Matching exercise

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Locally available materials for cleaning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify locally available materials for making cleaning items
- Make cleaning items using locally available materials
- Show creativity in making cleaning items

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify locally available materials for making cleaning items
- Discuss how to make cleaning items
- Make simple cleaning items
- Demonstrate use of made cleaning items

How can we make cleaning items using locally available materials?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 102
- Locally available materials
- Tools for making cleaning items
- Pictures showing cleaning items
- Charts

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Creativity assessment

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Locally available materials for cleaning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify locally available materials for making cleaning items
- Make cleaning items using locally available materials
- Show creativity in making cleaning items

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify locally available materials for making cleaning items
- Discuss how to make cleaning items
- Make simple cleaning items
- Demonstrate use of made cleaning items

How can we make cleaning items using locally available materials?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 102
- Locally available materials
- Tools for making cleaning items
- Pictures showing cleaning items
- Charts

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Creativity assessment

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - How to sweep a floor

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the steps of sweeping a floor
- Demonstrate proper sweeping technique
- Show responsibility in sweeping

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss steps of sweeping a floor
- Demonstrate proper sweeping technique
- Practice sweeping the classroom
- Dispose of collected dirt appropriately

How do we properly sweep a floor?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 103
- Broom
- Dustpan
- Dustbin
- Classroom floor

- Observation - Practical assessment - Demonstration assessment - Peer assessment

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - How to dust a surface

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the steps of dusting a surface
- Demonstrate proper dusting technique
- Value cleanliness of surfaces

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss steps of dusting a surface
- Demonstrate proper dusting technique
- Practice dusting surfaces in the classroom
- Care for dusting cloths appropriately

How do we properly dust surfaces?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 105
- Dusting cloths
- Surfaces for dusting
- Charts showing dusting steps
- Video clips (if available)

- Observation - Practical assessment - Demonstration assessment - Peer assessment

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - How to mop a floor

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the steps of mopping a floor
- Demonstrate proper mopping technique
- Show responsibility in mopping

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss steps of mopping a floor
- Demonstrate proper mopping technique
- Practice mopping the classroom
- Observe safety when mopping

How do we properly mop a floor?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 106
- Mop or floor cloth
- Bucket or basin
- Water
- Soap
- Classroom floor

- Observation - Practical assessment - Demonstration assessment - Peer assessment

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - How to dispose refuse

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe methods of disposing refuse
- Demonstrate proper refuse disposal
- Value proper waste disposal

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss methods of disposing refuse
- Identify proper and improper waste disposal
- Demonstrate proper refuse disposal
- Classify waste materials

How should we dispose of refuse?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 108
- Pictures showing waste disposal
- Dustbins
- Waste materials
- Charts

- Observation - Practical assessment - Demonstration assessment - Classification task

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - How to dispose refuse

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe methods of disposing refuse
- Demonstrate proper refuse disposal
- Value proper waste disposal

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss methods of disposing refuse
- Identify proper and improper waste disposal
- Demonstrate proper refuse disposal
- Classify waste materials

How should we dispose of refuse?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 108
- Pictures showing waste disposal
- Dustbins
- Waste materials
- Charts

- Observation - Practical assessment - Demonstration assessment - Classification task

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Reusing and recycling waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify waste materials that can be reused or recycled
- Demonstrate reuse of waste materials
- Value reusing and recycling waste

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify waste materials that can be reused or recycled
- Discuss ways to reuse or recycle different materials
- Make items from recycled materials
- Display recycled items

How can we reuse and recycle waste materials?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 109
- Waste materials for recycling
- Tools for making recycled items
- Pictures showing recycled items
- Charts

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Creativity assessment

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Cleaning a classroom

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply different cleaning methods to clean a classroom
- Collaborate in cleaning tasks
- Show responsibility in cleaning

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss steps of cleaning a classroom
- Plan cleaning activities
- Clean the classroom using different methods
- Observe safety while cleaning

How do we clean our classroom?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 110
- Cleaning tools and materials
- Brooms, mops, dusters
- Water, soap
- Dustbins

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work assessment - Peer assessment

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - What are personal protective equipment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different personal protective equipment
- Explain the importance of cleaning personal protective equipment
- Value clean personal protective equipment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe different personal protective equipment
- Discuss importance of cleaning personal protective equipment
- Identify when to clean personal protective equipment
- Match PPEs to their uses

What are personal protective equipment and why should we clean them?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 112
- Different personal protective equipment
- Pictures of PPEs
- Charts
- Matching cards

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Matching exercise

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - Types of personal protective equipment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of personal protective equipment
- Match personal protective equipment to body parts they protect
- Show interest in learning about PPEs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe different types of personal protective equipment
- Discuss which body parts each PPE protects
- Match PPEs to body parts they protect
- Identify situations requiring different PPEs

What types of personal protective equipment are there?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 113
- Different types of PPEs
- Pictures of PPEs
- Charts
- Matching cards

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Matching exercise

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - Importance of cleaning PPEs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of cleaning personal protective equipment
- Identify consequences of using dirty PPEs
- Value the cleanliness of PPEs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss importance of cleaning personal protective equipment
- Identify consequences of using dirty PPEs
- Create posters on importance of clean PPEs
- Present posters to the class

Why is it important to clean personal protective equipment?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 114
- Charts
- Pictures
- Drawing materials
- Video clips (if available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Poster assessment

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - Importance of cleaning PPEs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of cleaning personal protective equipment
- Identify consequences of using dirty PPEs
- Value the cleanliness of PPEs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss importance of cleaning personal protective equipment
- Identify consequences of using dirty PPEs
- Create posters on importance of clean PPEs
- Present posters to the class

Why is it important to clean personal protective equipment?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 114
- Charts
- Pictures
- Drawing materials
- Video clips (if available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Poster assessment

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - How to clean gumboots

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the steps of cleaning gumboots
- Demonstrate cleaning of gumboots
- Show responsibility in cleaning PPEs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss steps of cleaning gumboots
- Demonstrate cleaning of gumboots
- Observe safety measures when cleaning
- Store cleaned gumboots appropriately

How do we clean gumboots?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 115
- Gumboots
- Cleaning materials (water, soap, brush)
- Basin or bucket
- Charts showing cleaning steps

- Observation - Practical assessment - Demonstration assessment - Peer assessment

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - How to clean canvas shoes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the steps of cleaning canvas shoes
- Demonstrate cleaning of canvas shoes
- Value cleanliness of footwear

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss steps of cleaning canvas shoes
- Demonstrate cleaning of canvas shoes
- Observe safety measures when cleaning
- Store cleaned canvas shoes appropriately

How do we clean canvas shoes?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 116
- Canvas shoes
- Cleaning materials (water, soap, brush)
- Basin or bucket
- Charts showing cleaning steps

- Observation - Practical assessment - Demonstration assessment - Peer assessment

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - How to wash overalls

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the steps of washing overalls
- Demonstrate washing of overalls
- Show responsibility in washing overalls

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss steps of washing overalls
- Demonstrate washing of overalls
- Observe safety measures when washing
- Dry and store washed overalls appropriately

How do we wash overalls?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 117
- Overalls
- Washing materials (water, soap)
- Basin or bucket
- Drying line and pegs

- Observation - Practical assessment - Demonstration assessment - Peer assessment

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - Safety measures when cleaning PPEs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify safety measures when cleaning personal protective equipment
- Demonstrate safety measures when cleaning PPEs
- Value safety in cleaning activities

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss safety measures when cleaning personal protective equipment
- Demonstrate safety measures when cleaning
- Identify potential hazards when cleaning PPEs
- Create posters on safety measures

What safety measures should we observe when cleaning personal protective equipment?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 118
- Charts showing safety measures
- Pictures
- Drawing materials
- Safety equipment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Poster assessment

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - Safety measures when cleaning PPEs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify safety measures when cleaning personal protective equipment
- Demonstrate safety measures when cleaning PPEs
- Value safety in cleaning activities

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss safety measures when cleaning personal protective equipment
- Demonstrate safety measures when cleaning
- Identify potential hazards when cleaning PPEs
- Create posters on safety measures

What safety measures should we observe when cleaning personal protective equipment?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 118
- Charts showing safety measures
- Pictures
- Drawing materials
- Safety equipment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Poster assessment

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - Conserving water when cleaning PPEs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of conserving water when cleaning PPEs
- Demonstrate water conservation techniques
- Value water conservation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss ways of conserving water when cleaning PPEs
- Demonstrate water conservation techniques
- Identify ways to reuse water
- Create posters on water conservation

How can we conserve water when cleaning personal protective equipment?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 119
- Charts showing water conservation
- Pictures
- Drawing materials
- Water containers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Poster assessment

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - Identifying stitches on clothes
Making Tacking Stitches - Types of tacking stitches

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify stitches on clothes and household articles
- Describe characteristics of stitches
- Show interest in learning about stitches

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe stitches on different clothes and household articles
- Identify different types of stitches
- Discuss characteristics of different stitches
- Compare hand stitches and machine stitches

What are stitches and where can we find them?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 120
- Different clothes with visible stitches
- Household articles with stitches
- Charts showing stitches
- Pictures
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 121
- Samples of tacking stitches
- Charts showing tacking stitches
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Identification task

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - How to thread a needle
Making Tacking Stitches - How to make even tacking stitches

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify tools used in threading a needle
- Demonstrate threading a needle
- Show patience when threading a needle

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify tools used in threading a needle
- Discuss steps of threading a needle
- Demonstrate threading a needle
- Practice threading needles of different sizes

How do we thread a needle?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 123
- Needles of different sizes
- Thread
- Scissors
- Charts showing threading steps
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 124
- Needle
- Piece of cloth
- Thimble

- Observation - Practical assessment - Demonstration assessment - Peer assessment

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - How to make long and short tacking stitches

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe steps of making long and short tacking stitches
- Demonstrate making long and short tacking stitches
- Value precision in making stitches

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss steps of making long and short tacking stitches
- Demonstrate making long and short tacking stitches
- Practice making long and short tacking stitches
- Observe safety measures when sewing

How do we make long and short tacking stitches?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 126
- Needle
- Thread
- Piece of cloth
- Scissors
- Thimble

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - Safety measures when sewing
Making Tacking Stitches - How to make a handkerchief using tacking stitches (1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify safety measures when sewing
- Demonstrate safety measures when sewing
- Value safety in sewing activities

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss safety measures when sewing
- Demonstrate safety measures when sewing
- Identify potential hazards when sewing
- Create posters on safety measures

What safety measures should we observe when sewing?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 127
- Charts showing safety measures
- Pictures
- Drawing materials
- Safety equipment (thimble)
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 128
- Cloth
- Measuring tape or ruler
- Scissors
- Pencil
- Charts showing steps

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Poster assessment

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - How to make a handkerchief using tacking stitches (2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how to fold the hem of a handkerchief
- Demonstrate folding the hem of a handkerchief
- Value precision in folding

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how to fold the hem of a handkerchief
- Demonstrate folding the hem of a handkerchief
- Practice folding the hem
- Pin the hem in place

How do we fold the hem of a handkerchief?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 129
- Cut piece of cloth
- Ruler
- Pins
- Pencil
- Charts showing folding steps

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - How to make a handkerchief using tacking stitches (3)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how to make tacking stitches on a handkerchief hem
- Demonstrate making tacking stitches on handkerchief hem
- Show patience when sewing

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how to make tacking stitches on handkerchief hem
- Demonstrate making tacking stitches on handkerchief hem
- Practice making tacking stitches
- Observe safety when sewing

How do we make tacking stitches on a handkerchief hem?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 130
- Folded handkerchief
- Needle
- Thread
- Thimble
- Scissors

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - Completing and evaluating handkerchief

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Complete making a handkerchief
- Evaluate the finished handkerchief
- Appreciate own effort in making the handkerchief

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Complete making the handkerchief
- Evaluate the quality of tacking stitches
- Identify areas for improvement
- Display completed handkerchiefs

How do we evaluate our completed handkerchief?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 130
- Completed handkerchiefs
- Evaluation criteria
- Display area
- Charts

- Observation - Product assessment - Self-assessment - Peer assessment

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - Uses of tacking stitches

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of tacking stitches
- Explain the importance of tacking stitches
- Value tacking stitches in sewing

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss uses of tacking stitches
- Observe items made using tacking stitches
- Identify other items that can be made using tacking stitches
- Create a chart showing uses of tacking stitches

What are tacking stitches used for?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 131
- Items made using tacking stitches
- Pictures
- Charts
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Chart assessment