Waves and Optics

Properties of Waves - Wave properties in real-life situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define wave properties including rectilinear propagation, reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference
- Identify examples of wave properties in everyday life
- Relate wave properties to real-life applications such as mirrors, lenses and sound systems

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm on what was learnt in Grade 9 about waves
- Use digital devices or reference books to search for the meaning of wave properties
- Copy and complete a table showing wave properties and their applications
- Present findings on properties of waves in a class discussion

How do wave properties affect our daily experiences with light and sound?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 139
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Writing materials

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Waves and Optics

Properties of Waves - Demonstrating wave properties using a ripple tank
Properties of Waves - Rectilinear propagation of waves
Properties of Waves - Reflection of waves
Properties of Waves - Refraction of waves
Properties of Waves - Diffraction of waves
Properties of Waves - Interference of waves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the parts of a ripple tank and state their functions
- Set up a ripple tank for wave demonstration
- Connect wave patterns observed in a ripple tank to natural phenomena like water waves at the beach

- Explain refraction as bending of waves due to change in speed
- Demonstrate refraction of waves in a ripple tank
- Connect refraction to how lenses work in eyeglasses, cameras and microscopes

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Observe a ripple tank and its components
- Label key parts of the ripple tank
- Copy and complete a table showing parts and functions of a ripple tank
- Fill the tank with water and test wave generation

- Place rectangular plastic sheets to create shallow water regions
- Observe how wave speed and direction change at boundaries
- Sketch wave patterns showing refraction
- Discuss why sound travels farther at night than during the day

What role does each part of a ripple tank play in demonstrating wave behaviour?
Why do waves bend when they move from one medium to another?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 141
- Ripple tank with components
- Bar and ball dippers
- Light source
- White screen
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 143
- Ripple tank
- Manila paper
- Markers
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 144
- Metal barriers (straight, concave, convex)
- Ruler
- Manila paper
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 147
- Ripple tank
- Clear plastic sheets (rectangular and convex)
- Manila paper
- Markers
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 150
- Metal barriers with gaps
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 152
- Two spherical dippers

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment
- Practical assessment - Written assignments - Observation

Waves and Optics

Properties of Waves - Formation and properties of stationary waves
Properties of Waves - Applications of stationary waves in vibrating strings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how stationary waves are formed from two progressive waves
- Identify nodes and antinodes in stationary waves
- Connect stationary waves to musical instruments like guitars and violins

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Stretch a rubber band and pluck to observe stationary wave patterns
- Identify regions of highest amplitude (antinodes) and zero amplitude (nodes)
- Vary tension and observe changes in wave pattern
- Discuss properties of stationary waves

How do nodes and antinodes form in a stationary wave?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 155
- Rubber bands
- Slinky spring
- Fixed block
- Smooth surface
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 159
- String (1-2 metres)
- Fixed support
- Pulley and masses
- Ruler

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Waves and Optics

Properties of Waves - Vibrating air columns in closed and open pipes
Properties of Waves - Resonance and frequency modulated waves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Derive expressions for frequencies in closed and open pipes
- Differentiate between harmonics produced in closed and open pipes
- Connect vibrating air columns to wind instruments like flutes and clarinets

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Blow air across closed and open pipes and listen to sounds produced
- Compare pitch differences between closed and open pipes
- Discuss why closed pipes produce only odd harmonics
- Calculate frequencies of harmonics in pipes

Why do closed pipes produce only odd harmonics while open pipes produce all harmonics?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 161
- Closed pipe (boiling tube)
- Open pipe
- Ruler
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 164
- Glass tube
- Tuning fork
- Container with water
- FM radio receiver

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Waves and Optics

Properties of Waves - Doppler effect and applications
Radioactivity and Stability of Isotopes - Terminologies used in radioactivity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the Doppler effect and its causes
- Describe how frequency changes when source approaches or recedes
- Connect Doppler effect to ambulance sirens, radar speed detection and medical ultrasound

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Watch videos demonstrating Doppler effect with sound waves
- Observe how sound changes as source moves toward or away
- Discuss real-life applications of Doppler effect
- Record observations on frequency and pitch changes

Why does an ambulance siren sound different as it approaches compared to when it moves away?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 166
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Writing materials
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 169
- Reference books
- Periodic table

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Waves and Optics

Radioactivity and Stability of Isotopes - Types and properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiations
Radioactivity and Stability of Isotopes - Behaviour of radiations in electric and magnetic fields
Radioactivity and Stability of Isotopes - Nuclear equations showing how radionuclides attain stability
Radioactivity and Stability of Isotopes - Decay series and chain reactions
Radioactivity and Stability of Isotopes - Safety precautions in handling and disposing of radioactive substances
Radioactivity and Stability of Isotopes - Detection of radioactive emissions using photographic plates and electroscopes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the nature, charge and mass of alpha, beta and gamma radiations
- Compare penetrating power and ionising effects of the three radiations
- Connect radiation properties to their use in smoke detectors and medical treatment

- Explain decay series as a sequence of radioactive decays
- Trace the uranium-238 decay series to lead-206
- Connect decay series to geological dating of rocks and minerals

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study cards showing properties of alpha, beta and gamma emissions
- Discuss nature, charge and mass of each radiation type
- Compare penetrating power and ionising effects
- Summarise properties on manila paper for presentation

- Observe and copy the Uranium-238 decay chart
- Identify radioactive emissions at each stage
- Write nuclear equations for decay steps in the series
- Present findings on decay series to class

Why is alpha radiation most dangerous inside the body but least dangerous outside?
Why does uranium-238 undergo multiple decays before becoming stable lead-206?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 171
- Property cards
- Manila paper
- Markers
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 173
- Coloured pencils
- Rulers
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 175
- Periodic table
- Chart of nuclides
- Exercise books
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 178
- Uranium-238 decay chart
- Periodic table
- Exercise books
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 179
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Markers
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 180
- Photographic plates
- Electroscope materials
- Radioactive source

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation
- Written assignments - Oral questions - Observation

Waves and Optics

Radioactivity and Stability of Isotopes - Detection using Geiger-Muller counter and cloud chamber
Radioactivity and Stability of Isotopes - Half-life and decay curves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the working principle of a Geiger-Muller counter
- Explain how cloud chambers make radiation tracks visible
- Connect radiation detectors to nuclear safety monitoring and scientific research

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Research how Geiger-Muller counter and cloud chamber work
- Identify characteristics of tracks from alpha, beta and gamma radiations
- Discuss advantages and limitations of each detection method
- Present findings on detection methods

How does a Geiger-Muller counter convert radiation into measurable signals?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 183
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Manila paper
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 185
- Burette
- Stopwatch
- Beaker
- Graph paper

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Observation

Waves and Optics
Electricity and Magnetism
Electricity and Magnetism

Radioactivity and Stability of Isotopes - Nuclear fission, fusion and applications of radioactivity
Current Electricity - Terminologies used in current electricity
Current Electricity - Relationship between potential difference and current through a conductor

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Differentiate between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion
- Write nuclear equations for fission and fusion reactions
- Connect nuclear reactions to power generation, medical imaging and cancer treatment

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study pictures of nuclear fission reactions
- Discuss chain reactions and their control in nuclear reactors
- Research applications of radioactivity in medicine, industry and agriculture
- Present findings on applications to class

How do nuclear power plants harness fission energy while preventing uncontrolled chain reactions?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 189
- Digital devices
- Pictures of nuclear reactions
- Reference books
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 213
- Reference books
- Writing materials
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 214
- Nichrome wire
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Variable resistor
- Dry cells

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Observation

Electricity and Magnetism

Current Electricity - Ohm's Law and electrical resistance
Current Electricity - Ohmic and non-ohmic resistors
Current Electricity - Effect of length on resistance of conductors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State Ohm's Law and apply V=IR to solve problems
- Calculate resistance, current or voltage using Ohm's Law
- Connect Ohm's Law to selecting appropriate fuses for electrical appliances

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Derive mathematical relationship V=IR from experimental data
- Define the ohm as unit of resistance
- Solve numerical problems using Ohm's Law
- Discuss practical applications of Ohm's Law

Why is it important to know the resistance of a component when designing electrical circuits?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 216
- Graph paper
- Calculators
- Exercise books
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 217
- Carbon resistor
- Filament bulb
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Dry cells
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 219
- Nichrome wire (100 cm)

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Observation

Electricity and Magnetism

Current Electricity - Effect of cross-sectional area on resistance
Current Electricity - Effect of material type and temperature on resistance
Current Electricity - Relationship between e.m.f., voltage, current, resistance and internal resistance
Current Electricity - Types of resistors and resistor networks
Current Electricity - Measurement of resistance using resistor colour codes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate how cross-sectional area affects resistance
- Establish inverse relationship between area and resistance
- Connect area-resistance relationship to thick cables used in power transmission lines

- Identify fixed and variable resistors and state their uses
- Draw symbols for different types of resistors
- Connect resistor types to volume controls in radios and dimmer switches in homes

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Set up circuit with nichrome wires of different thicknesses
- Measure resistance for 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm diameter wires
- Compare average resistance values
- Discuss why thicker wires have lower resistance

- Identify fixed resistors (carbon) and variable resistors (rheostat, potentiometer, thermistor)
- Draw circuit symbols for each resistor type
- Discuss uses of each type of resistor
- Complete table showing resistor types, symbols and uses

Why are thick copper cables used for transmitting electricity over long distances?
How do variable resistors help control the brightness of lights and volume of sound?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 221
- Nichrome wires of different diameters
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Dry cells
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 222
- Nichrome and copper wires
- Hot water
- Voltmeter
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 225
- Dry cell
- Variable resistor
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 227
- Various resistors
- Circuit symbol charts
- Exercise books
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 228
- Fixed carbon resistors
- Colour code chart
- Digital multimeter

- Practical assessment - Written assignments - Observation
- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Electricity and Magnetism

Current Electricity - Measurement of resistance using ammeter-voltmeter and Wheatstone bridge

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure resistance using ammeter-voltmeter method
- Explain the working principle of Wheatstone bridge
- Connect Wheatstone bridge to precision measurements in laboratory instruments

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Set up circuit to measure resistance using ammeter-voltmeter method
- Calculate resistance using R = V/I
- Set up Wheatstone bridge and balance it for zero deflection
- Calculate unknown resistance using bridge formula

Why is the Wheatstone bridge more accurate than the ammeter-voltmeter method?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 231
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Wheatstone bridge
- Galvanometer

- Practical assessment - Written assignments - Observation

Electricity and Magnetism

Current Electricity - Measurement of resistance using metre bridge
Current Electricity - Effective resistance of resistors in series

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the metre bridge as a practical form of Wheatstone bridge
- Use metre bridge to determine unknown resistance
- Connect metre bridge principle to strain gauges used in weighing scales

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Set up metre bridge circuit with known and unknown resistors
- Slide jockey along wire until galvanometer shows zero deflection
- Record balance lengths and calculate unknown resistance
- Compare calculated values with standard values

How does the metre bridge use the principle of balanced ratios to measure resistance?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 233
- Metre bridge
- Known resistor
- Unknown resistor
- Galvanometer
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 234
- Resistors
- Ammeter
- Voltmeters
- Dry cells

- Practical assessment - Written assignments - Observation

Electricity and Magnetism

Current Electricity - Effective resistance of resistors in parallel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Derive formula for effective resistance of resistors in parallel
- Calculate total resistance and branch currents in parallel circuits
- Connect parallel circuits to house wiring where each appliance operates independently

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Connect resistors in parallel with ammeter and voltmeters
- Measure total current and individual branch currents
- Verify that 1/R_total = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃
- Solve numerical problems on parallel resistor networks

Why is the total resistance of parallel resistors always less than the smallest individual resistor?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 237
- Resistors
- Ammeter
- Voltmeters
- Dry cells

- Practical assessment - Written assignments - Observation

Electricity and Magnetism

Current Electricity - Relationship between voltage, current and power in heating effect
Current Electricity - Applications of the heating effect of electric current
Introduction to Electronics - Meaning of insulators, conductors, semiconductors and superconductors
Introduction to Electronics - Distinguishing materials using energy band theory
Introduction to Electronics - Electrical behaviour of conductors with varying temperatures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Derive and apply P = VI, P = I²R and H = I²Rt
- Calculate electrical power and energy consumed
- Connect heating effect to electric kettles, heaters and toasters in homes

- Define conductors, insulators, semiconductors and superconductors
- Classify materials based on their electrical conductivity
- Connect material classification to selection of wires and insulation in electrical installations

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Set up circuit with resistor, ammeter and voltmeter
- Record voltage and current at different settings
- Calculate power using P = VI
- Derive Joule's law of electrical heating H = I²Rt

- Set up simple circuit to test conductivity of different materials
- Classify materials as conductors, insulators or semiconductors
- Research meaning of superconductors
- Discuss examples and applications of each material type

How does the resistance of a heating element affect the amount of heat produced?
What determines whether a material is a good conductor or insulator of electricity?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 241
- Resistor
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Rheostat
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 245
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Various electrical appliances
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 248
- Simple circuit
- Various materials (copper, iron, wood, plastic, silicon)
- Bulb
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 250
- Manila paper
- Coloured pencils
- Markers
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 253
- Copper wire
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Hot water
- Ice cubes

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Observation
- Practical assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Electricity and Magnetism

Introduction to Electronics - Electrical behaviour of insulators with varying temperatures
Introduction to Electronics - Electrical behaviour of semiconductors with varying temperatures
Introduction to Electronics - Intrinsic semiconductors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate how temperature affects conductivity of insulators
- Explain why insulators maintain high resistance regardless of temperature
- Connect insulator behaviour to safety of rubber gloves used by electricians

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Set up circuit with glass rod and light bulb
- Test conductivity at room temperature
- Heat glass rod and retest conductivity
- Cool glass rod and observe any changes in conductivity

Why do insulators like glass and rubber not conduct electricity even when heated?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 254
- Glass rod
- Light bulb
- Dry cells
- Hot water
- Ice cubes
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 255
- Thermistor
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 257
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Writing materials

- Practical assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Electricity and Magnetism

Introduction to Electronics - Extrinsic semiconductors
Introduction to Electronics - Formation of n-type semiconductors
Introduction to Electronics - Formation of p-type semiconductors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define extrinsic semiconductors and explain doping process
- Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors
- Connect extrinsic semiconductors to improved performance of electronic components

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss the meaning of extrinsic semiconductors
- Explain how doping improves conductivity
- Identify group III and group V elements used as dopants
- Compare conductivity of intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors

How does adding impurities to pure semiconductors improve their electrical conductivity?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 258
- Periodic table
- Reference books
- Writing materials
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 259
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Coloured pencils
- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 260

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Electricity and Magnetism
Environmental and Space Physics

Introduction to Electronics - Applications of conductors, semiconductors, insulators and superconductors
Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change - Understanding greenhouse effect

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe applications of different material types in electronics
- Explain role of semiconductors in diodes, transistors and integrated circuits
- Connect material applications to everyday devices like phones, computers and MRI machines

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Research applications of conductors, semiconductors, insulators and superconductors
- Discuss applications in electrical wiring, electronics, circuit protection and medical imaging
- Complete table showing materials, types and applications
- Present findings on applications to class

How do semiconductors enable the functioning of modern electronic devices?

- Triumph Physics 10 pg. 261
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Manila paper
- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 263
- Two thermometers
- Clear glass jar
- Stopwatch
- Sunlight access

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Observation

Environmental and Space Physics

Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change - Effects of climate change
Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change - Causes of greenhouse effect
Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change - Human contribution
Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change - Role of ozone layer
Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change - Solutions to climate change
Introduction to Space Physics - Origin of the universe

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain climate change in the environment
- Identify effects of climate change in local community
- Appreciate the impact of climate change on daily life

- Explain the effect of ozone layer on climate change
- Describe ozone layer depletion
- Appreciate importance of protecting the ozone layer

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe and discuss changes in weather patterns
- Interview elders about climate changes
- Document observations on water levels and vegetation
- Use digital devices to search for information on ozone layer
- Discuss ozone-depleting substances (CFCs, halons)
- Explain effects of UV radiation

How do human actions impact climate change?
How does ozone layer depletion threaten our environment?

- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 265
- Exercise books
- Pens
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing climate change
- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 267
- Pictures of human activities
- Charts
- Reference books
- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 268
- Pictures of industries
- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 269
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Charts showing ozone layer
- Internet access
- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 271
- Manila paper
- Marker pens
- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 273
- Pictures of night sky
- Charts

- Observation - Written reports - Oral presentations
- Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Environmental and Space Physics

Introduction to Space Physics - Supporting evidence
Introduction to Space Physics - Types of celestial bodies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain evidence supporting Big Bang Theory
- Describe cosmic microwave background radiation
- Relate redshift to universe expansion

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Carry out balloon expansion activity
- Observe dots moving apart as balloon inflates
- Discuss how this models universe expansion

How was the universe/earth formed?

- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 275
- Balloon
- Marker
- Ruler
- Digital devices
- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 276
- Digital devices (QR code pg. 288)
- Solar system models
- Manila paper
- Marker pens

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Environmental and Space Physics

Introduction to Space Physics - Other celestial objects
Introduction to Space Physics - Observing space

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe moons, asteroids and comets
- Explain characteristics of each celestial body
- Relate celestial bodies to solar system organization

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Compare characteristics of different celestial bodies
- Study pictures of moons, asteroids and comets
- Discuss unique features of each

How do we benefit from astrophysics?

- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 277
- Digital devices
- Pictures of celestial bodies
- Reference books
- Charts
- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 278
- Pictures of telescopes
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written tests - Presentations

Environmental and Space Physics

Introduction to Space Physics - Space technology

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how satellites and space probes work
- Describe Kenya's Taifa-1 satellite
- Appreciate applications of satellites in daily life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Research satellites and their functions
- Discuss communication and weather satellites
- Study space probes sent to planets

How do we benefit from astrophysics?

- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 279
- Digital devices
- Pictures of satellites
- Reference books
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written tests - Group discussions

Environmental and Space Physics

Introduction to Space Physics - Planetary motion
Introduction to Space Physics - Solar system structure
Introduction to Space Physics - History of space exploration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the motion of planets around the sun
- Distinguish between rotation and revolution
- Appreciate gravitational forces in planetary motion

- Outline the evolution of astrophysics and space exploration
- Describe major milestones in space exploration
- Appreciate technological progress in space science

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Watch videos on planetary motion
- Compare rotation and revolution of planets
- Discuss orbital periods of different planets
- Research evolution of space exploration
- Discuss early observations and telescope revolution
- Study the space age and modern missions

How do we benefit from astrophysics?

- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 281
- Digital devices
- Videos on planetary motion
- Reference books
- Charts
- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 282
- Crushed paper balls
- Paints
- Wooden strip
- Thread
- Glue
- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 283
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Pictures of space missions
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests
- Presentations - Written assignments - Oral questions

Environmental and Space Physics

Introduction to Space Physics - Space-related careers
Introduction to Space Physics - Benefits of space exploration
Environmental and Space Physics - Comprehensive review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify careers in space exploration
- Describe roles of astronauts, engineers and scientists
- Appreciate diverse career opportunities in space science

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Simulate moon mission planning activity
- Identify careers needed for space missions
- Discuss skills required for different careers

How do we benefit from astrophysics?

- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 285
- Small pieces of paper
- Writing materials
- Career cards
- Digital devices
- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 280
- Reference books
- Pictures of applications
- Internet access
- Triumph Physics Grade 10 pg. 272, 287
- Exercise books
- Past papers

- Group activities - Presentations - Oral questions