CULTURE: VALUES AND BELIEFS

Listening and Speaking
Reading

Responsive Listening - Connecting with a Speaker and Avoiding Distractions
Reading Fluency - Speed and Accuracy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline techniques of active listening
- Focus on a speaker to avoid distractions
- Give full attention to elders sharing cultural stories or community leaders during meetings

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss techniques for avoiding distractions
- Listen to oral texts while maintaining focus
- Practise using supportive non-verbal cues (nodding, eye contact)
- Evaluate own listening skills using a checklist

Why is it important to actively respond to what is being said?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 186
- Audio recordings
- Listening checklists
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide
- Moran Skills in English pg. 200
- Oral narratives
- Descriptive texts
- Timer/stopwatch

- Observation schedule - Listening assessment - Self-evaluation - Peer feedback

Writing
Grammar in Use

Creative Writing - Features of Descriptive Essays
Relative Pronouns - Who, Whom, Which, That, Whose

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline the structure of descriptive essays
- Use vivid language and sensory details in writing
- Describe cultural ceremonies, traditional attire or heritage sites vividly for readers

The learner is guided to:
- Read samples of descriptive essays
- Identify features of descriptive writing (sensory details, vivid language)
- Discuss the use of similes and metaphors in descriptions
- Plan descriptive paragraphs about cultural events

Why are sensory details and vivid descriptions important in composition writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 216
- Sample descriptive essays
- Pictures of cultural events
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide
- Moran Skills in English pg. 207
- Sentence cards
- Charts

- Written exercises - Descriptive paragraph assessment - Peer review - Checklists

Listening and Speaking
Reading

Responsive Listening - Showing Empathy and Providing Feedback
Reading Fluency - Expressive Reading (Pitch, Pace, Volume)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Build empathy during conversations
- Provide feedback and paraphrase information to show understanding
- Support friends or family members sharing personal experiences with empathetic listening

The learner is guided to:
- Read conversations demonstrating empathy
- Identify phrases that show empathy (e.g., "I understand how you feel")
- Practise paraphrasing speakers' points
- Role-play conversations showing empathy

How do we show that we respect a speaker's emotions?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 189
- Dialogue scripts
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide
- Moran Skills in English pg. 203
- Poems and narratives
- Recording devices

- Role-play assessment - Oral presentation - Observation - Peer evaluation

Writing
Grammar in Use

Creative Writing - Descriptive Essays
Relative Clauses - Defining and Non-defining Clauses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create descriptive paragraphs about people, places, objects or events
- Use similes and metaphors effectively
- Write descriptive pieces about local landmarks, traditional foods or cultural personalities

The learner is guided to:
- Study pictures and write descriptive paragraphs using sensory details
- Use similes and metaphors in descriptions
- Write descriptions of cultural events or community members
- Share descriptive writing for peer review

How can you make a descriptive composition interesting?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 218
- Pictures of cultural events
- Sample essays
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide
- Moran Skills in English pg. 210
- Sample sentences
- Charts

- Descriptive writing assessment - Peer review - Rubrics - Self-assessment

Listening and Speaking

Speaking Fluency - Sounds /ʊ/ and /u:/, Word Stress, Onomatopoeia and Ideophones

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Pronounce words with sounds /ʊ/ and /u:/ accurately
- Stress disyllabic words correctly
- Use correct pronunciation when narrating cultural stories or performing traditional songs

The learner is guided to:
- Practise minimal pairs with sounds /ʊ/ and /u:/
- Identify and pronounce disyllabic words with correct stress
- Use onomatopoeic words and ideophones in oral contexts
- Role-play cultural activities using expressive language

Why should we articulate sounds correctly?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 192
- Word cards
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Pronunciation assessment - Word stress evaluation - Oral presentation - Peer feedback

Reading

Reading Fluency - Reader's Theatre and Choral Reading

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Participate in reader's theatre activities
- Perform choral reading with appropriate expression
- Collaborate with peers to perform cultural texts at school assemblies or community events

The learner is guided to:
- Select poems or narratives for reader's theatre
- Assign portions of text to read in groups
- Practise and perform choral verses
- Record performances and share on digital platforms

How does collaborative reading improve fluency?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 205
- Poems on culture
- Narratives
- Recording devices
- Digital devices

- Performance assessment - Group evaluation - Recording review - Peer feedback

Writing

Creative Writing - Narrative Essays

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline the structure of narrative essays (introduction, rising action, climax, resolution)
- Write narrative essays with characters, plot and sequence of events
- Document personal experiences or family stories for future generations

The learner is guided to:
- Read sample narrative essays and identify structure
- Develop characters and plot for narrative essays
- Create plot diagrams showing sequence of events
- Write narrative essays about cultural experiences

How can we make a narrative composition interesting?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 222
- Sample narratives
- Plot diagram templates
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Narrative writing assessment - Structure evaluation - Peer review - Rubrics

Grammar in Use

Adverbial Clauses - Place, Time and Reason

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify adverbial clauses of place, time and reason in texts
- Use adverbial clauses to express different meanings
- Explain when, where and why cultural events happen using appropriate clauses

The learner is guided to:
- Read sentences and identify adverbial clauses
- Classify adverbial clauses as place, time or reason
- Construct sentences using adverbial clauses
- Write stories about culture using adverbial clauses

How do adverbial clauses enhance our writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 213
- Sample sentences
- Substitution tables
- Charts
- Teacher's Guide

- Written questions - Clause identification - Sentence construction - Peer assessment

SPORTS AND GAMES: POPULAR SPORTS

Listening and Speaking
Reading

Critical Listening - Distinguishing Facts and Opinions
Intensive Reading - Making Predictions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select specific details from an oral text about popular sports
- Describe opinions and facts expressed in an oral presentation
- Apply fact-checking skills when evaluating sports news and commentary in daily life

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to audio recordings about popular sports such as cricket and volleyball
- Analyse what the speaker is saying and identify facts versus opinions
- Brainstorm facts and opinions about sports personalities and teams
- Filter incorrect or imprecise information from debates

How can we tell whether something is true or false?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 229
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices
- Charts and posters
- Moran Skills in English pg. 237
- Class readers
- Charts

- Oral questions - Observation - Group discussions - Peer assessment

Writing
Grammar in Use

Functional Writing - Letter of Apology
Noun Clauses - That and What as Subjects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the format of a letter of apology
- Compose a letter of apology while adhering to the format
- Use apology letters to maintain relationships in school sports teams and clubs

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss why someone might need to write an apology letter
- Study sample letters and identify parts: sender's address, date, salutation, body, closing
- Identify formal and informal language use in letters
- Write apology letters for sports-related scenarios

Why is it important to know the purpose for which one is writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 248
- Sample letters
- Digital devices
- Writing materials
- Moran Skills in English pg. 245
- Charts
- Sample passages

- Written exercises - Peer assessment - Format checklist - Content evaluation

Listening and Speaking
Reading

Critical Listening - Evaluating Accuracy
Intensive Reading - Visualising and Inferring Meaning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Evaluate information from an oral text for accuracy
- Distinguish facts from opinions in oral presentations
- Verify sports statistics and claims before sharing on social media

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to magazine articles about popular sports
- Make lists of facts about things, people and situations
- Identify statements reflecting opinions of writers
- Present facts and opinions in tables with reasons for decisions

Why is it important to listen to key points in a text?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 230
- Audio recordings
- Newspapers and magazines
- Digital devices
- Moran Skills in English pg. 239
- Class readers
- Drawing materials

- Debate participation - Fact-opinion tables - Group presentations - Oral assessment

Writing
Grammar in Use

Functional Writing - Letter of Appreciation
Noun Clauses - Using Noun Clauses as Subjects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the format of a letter of appreciation
- Compose letters of appreciation for varied situations
- Show gratitude to coaches, teammates and sports officials through written appreciation

The learner is guided to:
- Study sample appreciation letters and note contents and format
- Identify the purpose of the letter and words indicating gratitude
- Write appreciation letters for sports day events
- Share letters with peers for feedback

Why should we appreciate others?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 252
- Sample letters
- Writing materials
- Digital devices
- Moran Skills in English pg. 246
- Charts
- Sample sentences

- Written exercises - Format assessment - Peer evaluation - Content analysis

Listening and Speaking

Speaking Fluency - Sounds /f/, /ŋ/ and Consonant Blends

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Articulate consonant sounds /ŋ/ and consonant blends ng correctly
- Apply stress on content words for enhanced meaning
- Pronounce sports terminology correctly when discussing games with friends

The learner is guided to:
- Brainstorm different realisations of /f/ as in father, phase and rough
- Search for words with sound /ŋ/ and blends /ŋɡ/
- Read sentences placing stress on content words
- Discuss effect on meaning when stress is placed on various parts

Why is it important to articulate sounds correctly?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 232
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices
- Word lists

- Pronunciation drills - Stress placement exercises - Oral presentation - Peer feedback

Reading

Intensive Reading - Summarising and Making Connections

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarise information from a text for comprehension
- Make connections between events, places and characters with real life
- Relate sports stories to personal experiences and local sporting events

The learner is guided to:
- Identify main ideas and key details that support them
- Write short summaries of stories
- Discuss instances relating to personal experiences
- Perform reader's theatre based on sports stories

Why do we need to read keenly?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 243
- Class readers
- Digital devices
- Recording devices

- Summary writing - Comprehension tests - Reader's theatre - Connection charts

Writing

Functional Writing - Emails and Letter of Acceptance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the format of emails and letters of acceptance
- Compose emails for different purposes observing netiquette
- Communicate professionally with sports clubs and organisations via email

The learner is guided to:
- Search for information on email format from library and digital sources
- Study parts of emails including To, Cc, Bcc, Subject, Body
- Outline steps of writing and sending emails
- Compose emails with attachments for sports-related purposes

What is the advantage of using emails for communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 253
- Digital devices
- Sample emails
- Internet access

- Email composition - Format checklist - Netiquette assessment - Peer review

Grammar in Use

Noun Clauses - Application in Communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Acknowledge the importance of noun clauses in communication
- Use noun clauses in dramatised skits about sports
- Write engaging sports commentary using varied sentence structures

The learner is guided to:
- Write theme-based skits featuring noun clauses and dramatise in class
- Exchange sentences with classmates for checking
- Make corrections based on feedback received
- Create sentences about sports and games using noun clauses

Why is it important to use a variety of sentences in communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 247
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Performance space

- Skit performance - Written exercises - Peer evaluation - Self-assessment

HEALTH AND SAFETY: PERSONAL SAFETY

Listening and Speaking
Reading

Intensive Listening - Interpreting Visuals
Study Skills - Survey, Question, Read

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make predictions about events or characters in an oral text
- Interpret visuals such as maps, videos, posters and diagrams
- Read safety signs and emergency information in public spaces

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to audio recordings and make predictions about story content
- Study fire drill procedure diagrams and explain each step
- Identify safety features on maps and discuss contributions to safe environment
- Describe main messages in health and safety posters

How do we get meaning from an oral text?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 261
- Maps and diagrams
- Safety posters
- Audio recordings
- Moran Skills in English pg. 275
- Factual texts
- Digital devices
- Note-making materials

- Prediction exercises - Visual interpretation - Oral questions - Group discussions

Writing
Grammar in Use

Creative Writing - Expository Paragraphs
Clause Patterns - Subject-Verb and Subject-Verb-Object

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the structure of well-written paragraphs
- Create expository paragraphs featuring topic, supporting and clincher sentences
- Write clear instructions for safety procedures at home and school

The learner is guided to:
- Read sample paragraphs and identify main ideas
- Identify facts, information and examples supporting main ideas
- Plan expository paragraphs using proper steps
- Create expository paragraphs based on personal safety topics

Why is it important to use facts when discussing a topic?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 289
- Sample paragraphs
- Writing materials
- Digital devices
- Moran Skills in English pg. 284
- Video recordings
- Sample sentences

- Paragraph writing - Structure analysis - Peer assessment - Content evaluation

Listening and Speaking
Reading

Intensive Listening - Interpreting Non-verbal Cues
Study Skills - Paraphrasing and Note-making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make sense of non-verbal cues during oral presentations
- Infer meaning of words and phrases using syntactic clues
- Understand body language cues in emergency situations

The learner is guided to:
- Watch recordings and describe non-verbal cues observed
- Discuss how gestures, eye contact and facial expressions enhance understanding
- Connect events in stories to real-life situations
- Identify emotions conveyed through non-verbal communication

Why should we pay attention to non-verbal cues?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 263
- Video recordings
- Digital devices
- Observation charts
- Moran Skills in English pg. 279
- Factual texts
- Note-making templates

- Non-verbal cue identification - Discussion participation - Observation schedule - Peer assessment

Writing
Grammar in Use

Creative Writing - Persuasive Essays
Clause Patterns - Subject-Verb-Object-Object

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline the parts of persuasive essays
- Write logical persuasive paragraphs to convey information
- Convince family members to adopt healthy lifestyle habits

The learner is guided to:
- Read persuasive essays and identify introduction, main body and conclusion
- Identify main arguments and supporting evidence
- Brainstorm persuasive essay topics related to health and safety
- Write persuasive essays with attention-grabbing introductions

How can we convince a person to believe what we are saying?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 295
- Sample essays
- Writing materials
- Digital devices
- Moran Skills in English pg. 285
- Sample sentences
- Charts

- Essay structure analysis - Persuasive writing - Peer evaluation - Argument assessment

Listening and Speaking

Speaking Fluency - Sense Relations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish synonyms, antonyms and homophones in communication
- Use synonyms, antonyms and homophones correctly in dialogues
- Choose precise words when explaining safety procedures to others

The learner is guided to:
- Read dialogues and identify words with similar and opposite meanings
- Draw charts showing synonyms, antonyms and homophones
- Find sets of synonyms, antonyms and homophones from texts
- Role-play conversations using sense relations correctly

How can we enhance our articulation of sounds?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 268
- Dialogues
- Charts
- Digital devices

- Word identification - Role-play assessment - Chart creation - Oral presentation

Reading

Study Skills - Summarising Information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarise information from varied descriptive texts
- Write concise summaries recapping main ideas and key points
- Summarise safety guidelines for quick reference

The learner is guided to:
- Brainstorm steps of writing a summary
- Study sample summaries and note characteristics
- Read factual descriptive texts and write summaries
- Create charts showing steps for writing summaries

How can we write a summary that is informative?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 281
- Factual texts
- Sample summaries
- Writing materials

- Summary writing - Step identification - Peer review - Content evaluation

Writing

Creative Writing - Expository Essays

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create grade-appropriate expository essays to convey information
- Use facts, statistics and examples without personal opinions
- Write informative articles about health topics for school newsletters

The learner is guided to:
- Identify topics, concepts or historical processes related to health and safety
- Search for information using print and online materials
- Outline main characteristics and important information
- Write expository essays with introduction, body and conclusion

Why is it important to use facts when discussing a topic?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 292
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Sample essays

- Essay writing - Structure assessment - Fact verification - Peer evaluation

Grammar in Use

Sentence Types - Simple and Compound Sentences

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use coordinating conjunctions to join simple sentences
- Demonstrate ability to use simple and compound sentences in communication
- Write varied sentence types in safety reports and notices

The learner is guided to:
- Read sentences and identify coordinating conjunctions
- Join sets of sentences using FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
- Hold debates using simple and compound sentences correctly
- Write paragraphs on health and safety using varied sentence types

How can we write effective paragraphs?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 287
- Sample sentences
- Writing materials
- Digital devices

- Sentence joining exercises - Debate participation - Paragraph writing - Peer assessment

INCOME: TYPES AND SOURCES

Listening and Speaking
Reading

Selective Listening - Filtering and Extracting Information
Critical Reading - Identifying Audience, Purpose and Attitude

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify strategies for listening to specific details from oral texts
- Filter out unwanted information during oral presentations
- Focus on relevant financial information in business news

The learner is guided to:
- Watch videos and filter out unnecessary information
- Pick out specific information such as events and characters
- Simulate noisy environments and practise extracting required information
- Take turns listening and focusing on specific details

How can we focus as we listen to a speaker?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 303
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices
- Simulation materials
- Moran Skills in English pg. 313
- Sample passages
- Mind map materials

- Listening exercises - Information extraction - Simulation participation - Oral assessment

Writing
Grammar in Use

Functional Writing - Writing Reminders
Sentences - Active Voice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the format of reminders
- Write reminders using the correct format
- Send timely payment reminders for income-generating activities

The learner is guided to:
- Study sample reminder letters and identify parts
- Search online and offline for features of reminders
- Outline steps of writing reminders
- Write reminders related to income-generating activities

Why do people write reminders and short reports?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 327
- Sample reminders
- Writing materials
- Digital devices
- Moran Skills in English pg. 321
- Pictures
- Sample sentences

- Format assessment - Reminder writing - Peer review - Display on noticeboard

Listening and Speaking
Reading

Selective Listening - Extracting Characters and Events
Critical Reading - Inferring Meanings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Extract specific information such as characters and messages from oral texts
- Listen to oral narratives and select specific information
- Identify key details in business presentations and investment talks

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to oral narratives related to income themes
- Select specific information including characters, main ideas and events
- Take turns listening and blocking out irrelevant information
- Paraphrase main points and specific details

Why is listening for information important?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 304
- Oral narratives
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices
- Moran Skills in English pg. 317
- Sample passages
- Tables and charts

- Information extraction - Paraphrasing exercises - Oral questions - Group discussions

Writing
Grammar in Use

Functional Writing - Incident and Newspaper Reports
Sentences - Passive Voice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write incident reports and newspaper reports for various uses
- Use passive voice in short reports for communication clarity
- Document business incidents professionally for record-keeping

The learner is guided to:
- Read sample incident reports and identify format features
- Discuss format including length, content and organisation
- Write incident reports answering who, what, where and when
- Use passive voice sentences appropriately in reports

Why is it important to write reports in correct format?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 329
- Sample reports
- Writing materials
- Digital devices
- Moran Skills in English pg. 324
- Pictures
- Sample sentences

- Report writing - Format assessment - Passive voice use - Peer evaluation

Listening and Speaking

Speaking Fluency - Pronunciation and Intonation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Articulate consonant sounds /ð/ and /θ/ in oral communication
- Use rising and falling intonation in different sentences
- Deliver professional presentations about income opportunities

The learner is guided to:
- Watch recorded skits and pick out words with target sounds
- Use minimal pairs to differentiate target sounds
- Practise saying sentences with rising and falling intonation
- Engage in dialogues about income sources using correct intonation

Why is it important to accurately pronounce sounds?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 306
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices
- Minimal pair lists

- Pronunciation drills - Intonation exercises - Dialogue presentation - Peer feedback

Reading

Critical Reading - Analysing Structure and Form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Read short texts multiple times to gain deeper understanding
- Examine structure and form of short texts
- Analyse financial articles and reports critically

The learner is guided to:
- Read short texts multiple times for deeper understanding
- Work with peers and discuss punctuation, sentence structure and paragraphing
- Make notes on main ideas and meanings expressed
- Develop arguments based on observations and interpretations

How does reading a text multiple times enhance understanding?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 319
- Short texts
- Note-making materials
- Digital devices

- Multiple reading exercises - Structure analysis - Note-making assessment - Discussion participation

Writing

Functional Writing - Designing Questionnaires

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the format of questionnaires
- Design questionnaires for gathering information from various sources
- Conduct market research for school income-generating projects

The learner is guided to:
- Study sample questionnaires and identify characteristics
- Search online and offline for steps of creating questionnaires
- Brainstorm information needed and identify target respondents
- Design questionnaires based on income-related topics

Why do people use questionnaires?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 337
- Sample questionnaires
- Digital devices
- Writing materials

- Questionnaire design - Format assessment - Peer review - Display and feedback

Grammar in Use

Subject-Verb Agreement - Rules and Application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain basic rules of subject-verb agreement in sentences
- Apply rules of subject-verb agreement with count and non-count nouns
- Write grammatically correct business proposals and correspondence

The learner is guided to:
- Brainstorm rules governing subject-verb agreement
- Read texts and list sentences with singular and plural subjects and verbs
- Form sentences using count and non-count nouns
- Design posters featuring sentences and obtain peer feedback

How can one ensure sentences in a text meet expected standards?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 321
- Sample texts
- Charts and posters
- Digital devices

- Rule identification - Sentence construction - Poster creation - Peer assessment