Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Identifying driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify driving tools used in day-to-day life
- Name different types of driving tools
- Show interest in learning about driving tools

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study pictures showing various driving tools
- Identify driving tools available
- Draw the tools in exercise books and write their names
- Classify driving tools by function

What are driving tools and what are they used for?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 106
- Variety of driving tools (hammer, mallet, screwdriver, punch, spanner)
- Charts showing driving tools
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Types of hammers and mallets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of hammers and mallets
- Describe the structure of hammers and mallets
- Appreciate the variety of driving tools

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study ball pein hammer, cross pein hammer, straight peen hammer, claw hammer
- Observe wooden head mallet, plastic head mallet, rubber head mallet
- Compare parts, shapes and sizes of driving tools
- Discuss specific uses of each type

How do different types of hammers and mallets differ?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 107
- Different types of hammers
- Various mallets
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Types of spanners, screwdrivers and punches

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of spanners, screwdrivers and punches
- Distinguish between different driving tools
- Value the specific design of each tool

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study ring spanner, socket spanner, open spanner, adjustable spanner
- Identify straight slotted and Phillips screwdrivers
- Observe leather hole punch and drive pin punches
- Create identification guide for each type

What are the different types of spanners, screwdrivers and punches?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 108
- Various spanners
- Different screwdrivers
- Types of punches
- Charts

- Observation - Practical work - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Uses of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the uses of different driving tools
- Select appropriate driving tools for given tasks
- Appreciate the importance of using correct tools

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss uses of driving tools for different tasks
- Select driving tools to perform given tasks
- Study pictures showing driving tools being used
- Create task-to-tool matching exercise

How are different driving tools used in various tasks?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 109
- Chart showing uses of driving tools
- Real driving tools
- Relevant textbooks
- Exercise book and pen

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Safe use of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain safety precautions when using driving tools
- Demonstrate safe use of driving tools
- Develop safe working habits

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use digital devices to search for information on safe use
- Watch videos on how to safely use each tool
- Role-play safe use of hammers, mallets, screwdrivers, spanners and punches
- Discuss hazards and prevention

What safety measures should be observed when using driving tools?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 111
- Digital devices with internet
- Relevant textbooks
- Safety goggles
- Gloves
- First aid box

- Observation - Practical work - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Using hammers and mallets
Tools and Production - Using screwdrivers, spanners and punches

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use a hammer to join pieces of wood
- Use a mallet to drive dowels into wood
- Apply correct techniques in using driving tools

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Join two pieces of wood using a hammer and nails
- Join two pieces of wood using a wooden mallet and dowel
- Demonstrate safe use of driving tools when performing tasks
- Practice correct striking technique

How do we use hammers and mallets to perform tasks safely?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 112
- Claw hammer
- Wooden mallet
- Pieces of wood
- Nails
- Dowels
- Workbench
- Clamp
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 113
- Screwdriver
- Wood screws
- Spanner
- Pliers
- Bolt and nut
- Leather hole punch
- Leather belt

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Care and importance of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Clean and store driving tools properly
- Explain the importance of driving tools
- Appreciate the need for proper tool maintenance

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use a dry piece of cloth to wipe off dirt from tools
- Clean and safely store driving tools
- Discuss the importance of driving tools in day-to-day life
- Present discussion points in class

Why is it important to care for driving tools properly?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 115
- Driving tools
- Clean piece of cloth
- Soft brush
- Tool box
- Storage shelf
- Digital devices

- Observation - Practical work - Written tests

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Identifying problems in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore the locality to identify problems
- List problems affecting the community
- Show awareness of community needs

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Visit the school locality to identify problems
- Conduct observations and interviews
- Consult people in the community about challenges they face
- Record information gathered

What problems in our locality can be solved using Pre-Technical Studies skills?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 121
- Notebook
- Pen
- Digital devices for recording
- Observation sheets

- Observation - Checklist - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Brainstorming on solutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss problems identified in the locality
- Identify problems that can be solved using Pre-Technical Studies skills
- Select one problem to address

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm on problems identified
- Discuss which problems can be solved using skills acquired
- Narrow down to one problem (e.g., poor waste disposal)
- Document brainstorm results

How can we use our Pre-Technical Studies skills to solve this problem?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 121
- List of problems from previous lesson
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Whiteboard/flip chart

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Selecting an item to make

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss possible items to solve the identified problem
- Select an appropriate item to make
- Demonstrate creative thinking

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss the problem in detail
- Brainstorm on items that can be made (e.g., waste bins, compost pit, incinerator)
- Select one item using available materials
- Use digital devices to identify suitable items

What item can we make to solve the identified problem?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 122
- Digital devices with internet
- Relevant textbooks
- Exercise book
- Pen

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Sketching and planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch the item to be made
- List materials required
- Estimate the cost of materials

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Sketch the item (e.g., innovative waste bin)
- Discuss the sketch with group members
- Identify materials required
- Estimate the cost of materials

How do we plan for making the project item?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 122
- Drawing materials
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Calculator

- Portfolio - Observation - Practical work

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Obtaining materials
Tools and Production - Implementation phase 1

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Find and collect required materials
- Use locally available materials
- Demonstrate resourcefulness

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Collect the materials and tools needed
- Look for required materials (paint, nails, bolts, hinges, screws)
- Use locally available materials and waste materials
- Take photographs of materials collected

Where can we get the materials needed for our project?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 123
- Locally available materials
- Waste materials
- Digital devices for photos
- Transport materials
- Materials and tools
- Personal protective equipment
- Workbench
- Project plan

- Checklist - Observation - Practical work

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Implementation phase 2

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Continue making the project item
- Apply skills learned in previous lessons
- Work collaboratively in groups

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Continue with making the item following the plan
- Wear appropriate safety gear
- Use appropriate tools correctly
- Monitor progress against timeline

How is our project progressing?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 123
- Materials and tools
- Personal protective equipment
- Workbench
- Progress checklist

- Practical work - Observation - Progress checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Implementation phase 3

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Complete making the project item
- Apply finishing touches
- Ensure quality of workmanship

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Complete making the item
- Apply finishing touches (painting, labeling)
- Ensure the item meets quality standards
- Clean work area

Is our project item complete and functional?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 124
- Materials and tools
- Paint and labels
- Cleaning materials
- Personal protective equipment

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Costing and pricing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate total cost of producing the item
- Determine selling price with markup
- Understand basic pricing concepts

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Get the sum total of all expenses incurred
- Calculate break-even price
- Add markup percentage to determine selling price
- Understand profit calculation

How do we determine the price for our project item?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 124
- Cost records
- Calculator
- Exercise book
- Pen

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Presentation and feedback

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present the finished item
- Explain how the item solves the problem
- Receive and respond to feedback

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Display the finished product to other groups
- Explain the problem and how the item solves it
- Receive comments and feedback
- Use feedback to improve the item

How effectively does our item solve the identified problem?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 124
- Finished project item
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms

- Observation - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Community education
Tools and Production - Marketing and production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Educate the community on using the item
- Demonstrate how to use the item properly
- Promote community awareness

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Educate the community on how to use the item
- Demonstrate proper use of the waste disposal bin
- Discuss benefits to the community
- Answer questions from community members

How do we help the community use our project item effectively?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 125
- Finished project item
- Demonstration materials
- Information leaflets
- Production materials
- Marketing materials
- Record keeping book

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Solving other community problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify other problems in the community
- Discuss solutions using Pre-Technical Studies skills
- Show commitment to community service

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Refer to list of problems from beginning of project
- Find out how other problems can be solved
- Discuss ways to apply skills to solve problems
- Plan future projects

What other problems can we solve using our skills?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 125
- List of community problems
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Recording problem-solving experiences

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Document problems solved
- Record skills applied
- Share experiences with others

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Record problems solved in a table
- Document Pre-Technical skills applied
- Share experiences with classmates
- Reflect on learning

How can we document our problem-solving journey?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 125
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Project portfolio
- Digital devices

- Portfolio - Written assignments - Self-assessment

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Portfolio compilation phase 1

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Organize project documentation
- Compile evidence of work done
- Create a project portfolio

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Collect all project sketches and plans
- Organize photographs of project stages
- Compile cost estimates and records
- Arrange documents in chronological order

How do we organize our project documentation?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 122
- All project documents
- Photographs
- File folder
- Labels

- Portfolio - Observation - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Portfolio compilation phase 2

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write project report
- Document challenges and solutions
- Complete project portfolio

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Write a detailed project report
- Document challenges faced and how they were overcome
- Include feedback received
- Finalize project portfolio

What should our project report include?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 125
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Project documentation
- Feedback forms

- Written assignments - Portfolio - Rubrics

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Reflection on learning phase 1
Tools and Production - Reflection on learning phase 2

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Reflect on skills acquired during the project
- Identify strengths and areas for improvement
- Appreciate collaborative work

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Review all project work
- Discuss skills learned
- Identify what went well and what could be improved
- Share reflections with group members

What did we learn from this project experience?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 126
- Project portfolio
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Reflection guide

- Self-assessment - Oral questions - Written reflection

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Final presentation preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare comprehensive project presentation
- Organize presentation materials
- Practice presentation skills

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Prepare presentation slides or charts
- Organize all project materials for display
- Rehearse presentation with group members
- Prepare to answer questions

How do we prepare an effective project presentation?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 124
- Presentation materials
- Project item
- Portfolio
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Practice assessment

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Financial institutions available in Kenya
Entrepreneurship - Services offered by financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify financial institutions available in Kenya
- Classify financial institutions in Kenya
- Appreciate the role of financial institutions in the economy

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss and identify financial institutions in the locality and Kenya
- Use digital devices or print media to search for types of financial institutions
- Classify financial institutions in a table (banks, insurance companies, SACCOs, microfinance)
- Present completed classification table

Which financial institutions are available in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 128
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Newspapers and business magazines
- Exercise books and pens
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 130
- Banking and insurance brochures
- Charts and reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Case study on financial services
Entrepreneurship - Utilizing financial services for entrepreneurial development
Entrepreneurship - Reasons for government involvement in business in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze services offered by financial institutions using case studies
- Relate financial services to entrepreneurial success
- Show understanding of practical application of financial services

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Read case study about business journey and financial institution support
- Identify financial institutions and services that helped business succeed
- Discuss importance of services to business
- Share answers with classmates

How do financial services support entrepreneurial development?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 132
- Case study materials
- Exercise books and pens
- Charts and reference materials
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 133
- Access to local financial institutions
- Business planning templates
- Report writing guidelines
- Digital devices
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 136
- Business Studies textbooks
- Symbol for Competition Authority of Kenya
- Charts and digital resources
- Pictures of infrastructure projects

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussion participation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Ways in which government is involved in business activities
Entrepreneurship - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ways in which the government is involved in business
- Explain legislation, regulation and government investment in business
- Value government support for business development

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use textbooks or digital devices to search for ways government is involved in business
- Discuss legislation, regulation, government investment, subsidies and training
- Examine promotion of industrialization, SMEs and Special Economic Zones
- Make notes and present findings

In which ways is the government involved in business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 138
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- E.P.Z symbol
- Charts and print media
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 140
- English dictionary
- Charts showing types of taxes
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - E-Government services in business
Entrepreneurship - Importance of complying with government regulations in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze e-Government services in business
- Navigate e-Government platforms for business services
- Appreciate the convenience and importance of e-Government services

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Read case study about e-Government experience
- Learn to navigate e-Citizen platform with teacher guidance
- Study e-Government services: registration, licensing, tax, procurement, intellectual property
- Visit Huduma Centre if possible

What e-Government services are available to businesses in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 142
- Digital devices with internet
- Access to e-Citizen platform
- Case study materials
- Huduma Centre information
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 145
- Business Studies textbooks
- Case studies on compliance
- Charts and digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical work - Rubrics

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Government and Business)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review key concepts on government and business
- Apply knowledge of government involvement and taxes
- Demonstrate understanding of e-Government services and compliance

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Review reasons for government involvement and ways government is involved
- Discuss types of taxes and their importance
- Review e-Government services and compliance importance
- Complete assessment exercises

How does government involvement benefit businesses and the economy?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 146
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation - Self-reflection

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Meaning and importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Describe how business plan helps in entrepreneurship
- Appreciate the value of planning in business

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Find meaning of 'business plan' from dictionary and discuss
- Use digital devices or textbooks to search for importance of business plan
- Discuss how business plan outlines vision, helps avoid mistakes, allocates resources
- Study how business plan is requirement for financing and acts as benchmark

What is a business plan and why is it important in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 148
- English dictionary
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Components of a business plan in financial management
Entrepreneurship - Analyzing a business plan example

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the components of a business plan in financial management
- Explain the purpose of each component
- Show understanding of the order of preparing components

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use digital devices or print media to search for components of business plan
- Describe each component: business description, product/service, market analysis, marketing plan
- Study management team, cost plan, financial projection and executive summary
- Write short notes and present to class

What are the components of a business plan?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 150
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans
- Charts
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Example business plan
- Exercise books and pens
- Charts and analysis guides

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Filling in a business plan template for a given business project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Fill in a business plan template for a given business project
- Develop a complete business plan for own business idea
- Demonstrate ability to apply business planning knowledge

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Think of a business idea and copy business plan template
- Complete all components: business description, product, market analysis, marketing plan
- Fill in management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Review and refine complete business plan

How do we create a business plan for our own business idea?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Business plan template
- Exercise books and pens
- Calculators
- Sample business plans

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics - Portfolio

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Presenting and using a business plan
Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Business Plan)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present complete business plan to class
- Accept and use feedback to improve business plan
- Embrace the use of a business plan in entrepreneurship

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Present complete business plan in class
- Receive comments and use feedback to improve business plan
- Discuss why business without plan is unlikely to succeed
- Advise family members about importance of business plan

Why is a business plan essential for entrepreneurial success?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Completed business plans
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms
- Assessment rubrics
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- QR code for digital exercise
- Charts and summaries

- Presentations - Peer assessment - Self assessment - Observation