Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Introduction to Drawing - Importance of drawing as a means of communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of drawing as a means of communication
- Draw simple pictures to communicate ideas and feelings
- Appreciate the role of drawing in expressing thoughts

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss what different pictures communicate
- Draw simple pictures to communicate ideas such as a home, friendship or playing
- Walk around the school or community and identify different kinds of drawings

How can drawings help us share our thoughts and feelings?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 21
- Drawing papers
- Pencils
- Pictures

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawing activities

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Introduction to Drawing - Difference between artistic and technical drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the terms technical drawing and artistic drawing
- Distinguish between artistic and technical drawings
- Show interest in different types of drawings

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Brainstorm on the meaning of technical drawing and artistic drawing
- Study pictures showing different drawings and identify which are artistic and which are technical
- Use print or online resources to search for information on artistic and technical drawing

What is the difference between artistic and technical drawings?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 22
- Pictures
- Charts
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Chart display

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Introduction to Drawing - Lettering in drawing
Introduction to Drawing - Types of lines and their application
Introduction to Drawing - Symbols used in drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the importance of good lettering in drawing
- Print numbers and letters of the alphabet as used in drawing
- Value neatness and clarity in lettering

- Explain the meaning of symbols used in drawing
- Sketch basic symbols (⌀, ℄, R, ⊥, ▢) used in drawing
- Show interest in using symbols for communication

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study information about lettering of titles and notes in drawing
- Practise printing each letter and digit
- Practise printing paragraphs and compare work with peers for feedback

- Study drawings and identify symbols used
- Practise drawing symbols (⌀, ℄, R, ⊥, ▢)
- Search on the internet or in print materials for more symbols used in drawing

Why is good lettering important in technical drawing?
What do the different symbols represent in technical drawing?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 24
- Drawing papers
- Pencils
- Charts
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 26
- Rulers

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 28
- Drawing papers
- Pencils
- Charts

- Observation - Practical work - Peer assessment
- Practical work - Oral questions - Written assignments

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Introduction to Drawing - Abbreviations and their applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain abbreviations (DRG, A/F, A/C, I/D, O/D) used in drawing
- Apply symbols and abbreviations in drawing
- Appreciate the role of symbols and abbreviations in communication

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Read and discuss the meaning of abbreviations (DRG, A/F, A/C, I/D, O/D)
- Watch a video on applications of symbols and abbreviations in drawing
- Write a summary on applications of symbols and abbreviations

Why do we use abbreviations in technical drawings?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 29
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Charts

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Free-hand Sketching - Meaning of free-hand sketching

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define free-hand sketching as used in Pre-Technical Studies
- Explain the principles of free-hand sketching
- Show interest in learning free-hand sketching

- Discuss what is happening in pictures showing learners sketching
- Discuss the meaning of free-hand sketching
- Identify materials needed for free-hand sketching

What is free-hand sketching and why is it important?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 30
- Pictures
- Pencils
- Drawing papers

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Free-hand Sketching - Box method and centreline method
Free-hand Sketching - Hand compass method
Free-hand Sketching - Hatching and cross-hatching

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the box method and centreline method of free-hand sketching
- Apply the box method and centreline method in sketching
- Appreciate the usefulness of sketching techniques

- Explain the hand compass method of free-hand sketching
- Use the hand compass method to capture accurate proportions in sketches
- Value accuracy in free-hand sketching

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Watch a video showing how to use the box method to draw a figure
- Watch a video showing how to use the centreline method to draw a figure
- Practise using box method and centreline method to sketch objects

- Follow teacher instructions to practise using the hand compass method
- Discuss sketches drawn using different techniques
- Practise using hand compass method to capture proportions

How do the box method and centreline method help in sketching?
How does the hand compass method help in achieving accurate proportions?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 32
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pencils
- Drawing papers
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 33
- Pencils
- Drawing papers
- Drawing papers
- Digital devices

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment
- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Free-hand Sketching - Stippling and blending

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe stippling and blending as sketching techniques
- Apply stippling and blending to create texture and shading
- Show creativity in using different sketching techniques

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use print and digital media to search for information on stippling and blending
- Draw a fruit and shade it using stippling technique
- Draw a shape and use tissue or finger to blend and create smooth shading

How do stippling and blending enhance the appearance of sketches?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 34
- Pencils
- Drawing papers
- Tissue paper

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Free-hand Sketching - Sketching straight lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the correct way to hold a pencil when drawing straight lines
- Sketch straight lines using free-hand
- Appreciate the importance of proper technique in line sketching

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss the proper way to hold a pencil when drawing straight lines
- Discuss how horizontal and vertical lines should be drawn
- Practise sketching horizontal, vertical and inclined straight lines using free-hand

What is the correct technique for sketching straight lines?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 35
- Pencils
- Drawing papers

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Free-hand Sketching - Improving line sketching skills
Free-hand Sketching - Sketching 2D shapes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain tips for improving sketching of straight lines
- Demonstrate correct pencil positioning and arm movement when sketching
- Value continuous practice in improving sketching skills

- Identify two-dimensional shapes
- Sketch 2D shapes (squares, rectangles, circles, triangles) using free-hand
- Appreciate the importance of keeping sketches in proportion

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss tips for improving line sketching such as pencil grip and angle
- Practise drawing horizontal lines from left to right with free arm movement
- Practise drawing vertical lines downward with wrist and arm movement

- List two-dimensional shapes covered in Mathematics
- Fetch pencils and drawing papers
- Use pencils and drawing papers to sketch two-dimensional shapes

How can we improve our line sketching skills?
Why is it important to keep sketches in proportion?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 36
- Pencils
- Drawing papers

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment
- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Free-hand Sketching - Drawing curved lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the correct hand positioning when drawing curved lines
- Sketch curved lines and circular shapes using free-hand
- Show interest in mastering curved line techniques

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss correct hand positioning when drawing curved lines
- Practise keeping hand on the inside of the curve when drawing
- Practise drawing circles and curved shapes

How should we position our hand when drawing curved lines?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 37
- Pencils
- Drawing papers

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Free-hand Sketching - Application in different careers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of free-hand sketching in communication
- Relate free-hand sketching to different career fields
- Appreciate the role of free-hand sketching in various professions

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Visit online galleries and observe free-hand sketches by artists
- Explore websites like Behance or Dribble to view portfolios from professionals
- Discuss how people in creative careers use sketching daily

How is free-hand sketching used in different careers?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 37
- Digital devices
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

ICT Tools in Communication - Meaning and importance of ICT tools
ICT Tools in Communication - Email

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define ICT tools as used in communication
- Explain the importance of ICT tools in communication
- Show interest in using ICT tools for communication

- Describe email as an ICT tool used in communication
- Demonstrate how to send and receive emails
- Appreciate the role of email in digital communication

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss what is happening in pictures showing video conferencing, emails, SMS and phone calls
- Find out the meaning of Information Communication Technology tools
- Discuss the importance of ICT tools in communication

- Discuss how email works and its components (email address, username, password)
- Learn about various email software (Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo)
- With guidance of teacher, draft an email introducing yourself and send to a classmate

What are ICT tools and why are they important?
How does email enable us to communicate with others?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 37
- Pictures
- Digital devices

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 40
- Computers
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions
- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

ICT Tools in Communication - Mobile phones

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe mobile phones as ICT tools used in communication
- Demonstrate how to make calls and send messages using mobile phones
- Value responsible use of mobile phones

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss how mobile phones allow communication through voice calls, messages and video calls
- Organise a mock calling session using a mobile phone
- Practise sending messages to another group about a school-related topic

How do mobile phones help us communicate?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 40
- Mobile phones

- Practical work - Observation - Role play

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

ICT Tools in Communication - Computers and web conferencing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe computers and web conferencing tools used in communication
- Identify web conferencing software (Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams)
- Appreciate the role of technology in connecting people

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss how computers produce and share information
- Find out from internet or print materials how web conferencing tools work
- Learn about common web conferencing software (Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet)

How do computers and web conferencing tools enable communication?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 41
- Computers
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

ICT Tools in Communication - Social networking
ICT Tools in Communication - Online collaboration
ICT Tools in Communication - Sending and receiving texts, calls and chats

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain social networking as an ICT tool for communication
- Identify social networking platforms (Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, X)
- Show awareness of responsible use of social media

- Explain online collaboration as an ICT tool for communication
- Identify online collaboration tools (Google Workspace)
- Value teamwork through digital platforms

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss how social networking allows users to connect, communicate and share information
- Identify social networking platforms (Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, WhatsApp, X)
- Discuss responsible use of social media platforms

- Discuss how online collaboration enables people to work together on tasks from different locations
- Learn about online collaboration software like Google Workspace
- Participate in a group online chat discussion on a topic of interest

How does social networking help people connect and communicate?
How does online collaboration help people work together?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 41
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 41
- Computers
- Internet access
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 42
- Mobile phones
- Computers

- Oral questions - Group discussions - Written assignments
- Practical work - Observation - Group discussions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

ICT Tools in Communication - Audio, animations and video

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how audio, animations and video enhance communication
- Use ICT tools to record and share audio and video messages
- Acknowledge the role of multimedia in modern communication

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Record an audio message sharing a fun fact and send to a classmate
- Create a short animation to share a simple message
- Record a short video introducing yourself and share with classmates

How do audio, animations and video enhance our communication?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 42
- Mobile phones
- Computers
- Digital devices

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Introduction to Materials - Meaning of materials used in production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define materials used in production
- Identify materials used to make different items
- Show interest in learning about materials for production

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss the meaning of materials used in production
- Identify materials used to make items in pictures (furniture, clothing, containers)
- Search online or in relevant print media for information on materials used in production

What are materials used in production?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 43
- Pictures
- Digital devices
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Introduction to Materials - Examples of materials used in production
Introduction to Materials - Distinguishing metallic and non-metallic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify examples of materials used in production (wood, metal, plastic, fabric, paper)
- Match materials to items they are used to make
- Appreciate the variety of materials available for production

- Explain the differences between metallic and non-metallic materials
- Distinguish between metallic and non-metallic materials in the locality
- Value the unique properties of different materials

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Identify materials such as wood, metal, plastic, fabric and paper
- List materials used in production of furniture, cars, water bottles, tiles, clothes and shoes
- Walk around workshops in school or locality and identify materials for production

- Study pictures showing metallic and non-metallic materials
- Discuss which materials are hard to break and which can be bent without breaking
- Take a walk in school compound and community to identify and group materials as metallic or non-metallic

What materials are commonly used to make items we use daily?
What are the differences between metallic and non-metallic materials?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 44
- Realia (wood, metal, plastic samples)
- Pictures

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 45
- Metallic materials (steel, aluminium, copper)
- Non-metallic materials (wood, plastic, paper)

- Oral questions - Observation - Group discussions
- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Introduction to Materials - Sustainable use of materials in production
Introduction to Materials - Importance of materials in production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe sustainable ways of using materials in production
- Apply sustainable practices such as reduce, reuse and recycle
- Appreciate the importance of using materials sustainably

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss how to use materials sustainably (reduce waste, reuse, recycle)
- Discuss using renewable materials and energy-efficient methods
- Make notes and present on sustainable ways of using materials in production

How can we use materials in production sustainably?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 47
- Charts
- Pictures
- Digital devices
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 48
- Classroom items
- Internet access
- Charts

- Oral questions - Presentations - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Introduction to Materials - Application of materials in everyday items

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify how different materials are used in making items
- Create a poster showing uses of different materials
- Value the contribution of materials to our daily lives

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Create a poster showing how different materials are used in making items
- Write down the importance of materials used
- Take turns to present posters to classmates for discussion

How do materials contribute to the items we use every day?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 49
- Chart papers
- Markers
- Pictures

- Poster making - Presentations - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Types of metallic materials
Metallic Materials - Identifying metallic materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of metallic materials (steel, aluminium, copper) used in the immediate environment
- Match metallic materials to items made from them
- Show interest in learning about metals

- Describe metallic materials found in the school and community
- Prepare a checklist for identifying types of metallic materials
- Appreciate the presence of metals in our surroundings

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study pictures showing items made from steel, aluminium and copper
- Discuss items made using steel, aluminium and copper
- Search on internet or print materials for information on metallic materials

- Take a walk around school or community and identify items made of metal
- Identify the type of metallic materials used to make the items
- Record findings in a table showing item name, location, type of metal and use

What types of metallic materials are found in our environment?
How can we identify metallic materials in our environment?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 50
- Pictures
- Internet access
- Metallic samples

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 51
- School environment
- Exercise books

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation
- Observation - Checklist - Field notes

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Appearance and colour of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the appearance and colour of metallic materials
- Observe and compare physical appearance of steel, aluminium and copper
- Value careful observation skills in identifying metals

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Get a steel spoon, aluminium can and copper wire and observe their physical appearance
- Describe the colour and appearance of each metal (shiny or dull)
- Record observations in exercise book

What do different metals look like?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 52
- Steel spoon
- Aluminium can
- Copper wire

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Weight and flexibility of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the weight and flexibility of metallic materials
- Compare the weight and flexibility of steel, aluminium and copper
- Appreciate the different physical properties of metals

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Hold or weigh equal-sized samples of steel, aluminium and copper
- Identify which metal is light, slightly heavy or heavy
- Try bending each metal and observe which is easy or hard to bend

How do metals differ in weight and flexibility?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 52
- Steel samples
- Aluminium samples
- Copper samples

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Magnetism of metals
Metallic Materials - Conductivity of heat
Metallic Materials - Conductivity of electricity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain magnetism as a property of some metallic materials
- Perform practical activities to test magnetism of metals
- Show curiosity in discovering magnetic properties of metals

- Explain conductivity of electricity as a property of metallic materials
- Perform practical activities to test electrical conductivity of metals
- Appreciate the use of metals in electrical applications

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use a magnet to test for magnetism of steel, aluminium and copper
- Observe and note which materials are attracted to the magnet
- Share findings with other members in class

- Set up a simple circuit with a bulb, cell and connecting wires
- Connect aluminium, steel and copper rods in turns as the material being tested
- Observe which material when connected makes the bulb light

Which metals are attracted to magnets?
Which metals conduct electricity best?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 53
- Magnets
- Steel, aluminium and copper samples
- Metal rods (steel, aluminium, copper)
- Source of heat
- Safety gloves

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 54
- Bulb
- Cell
- Connecting wires
- Metal rods

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Properties of steel, aluminium and copper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the properties of steel, aluminium and copper
- Compare the properties of different metallic materials
- Value the unique characteristics of each metal

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss properties of steel (strong, grey colour, magnetic, poor conductor)
- Discuss properties of aluminium (rust-resistant, silvery, light, non-magnetic)
- Discuss properties of copper (reddish-brown, non-magnetic, excellent conductor)

What are the unique properties of steel, aluminium and copper?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 54
- Charts
- Metal samples

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Uses of steel, aluminium and copper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the uses of steel, aluminium and copper in the immediate environment
- Match metallic materials to their uses
- Appreciate the importance of metals in everyday life

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use digital device or print resources to search for uses of steel, aluminium and copper
- Look around school or community and list items made of steel, aluminium or copper
- Take pictures or draw items made from these metals

How are steel, aluminium and copper used in our environment?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 55
- Digital devices
- School environment

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Matching metals to their applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate metallic materials to their specific applications
- Create a poster matching metallic materials with their uses
- Value the contribution of metals to construction and technology

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Create a poster matching metallic materials with their uses
- Present work to classmates
- Make a chart showing more uses of steel, aluminium and copper

Why are different metals suitable for different uses?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 55
- Chart papers
- Markers
- Pictures

- Poster making - Presentations - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Matching metals to their applications
Non-Metallic Materials - Meaning and examples of non-metallic materials
Non-Metallic Materials - Identifying non-metallic materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate metallic materials to their specific applications
- Create a poster matching metallic materials with their uses
- Value the contribution of metals to construction and technology

- Define non-metallic materials
- Identify non-metallic materials found in the locality
- Show interest in learning about non-metallic materials

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Create a poster matching metallic materials with their uses
- Present work to classmates
- Make a chart showing more uses of steel, aluminium and copper

- Identify materials used to make items in pictures (wooden furniture, plastic containers, glass windows)
- Find out from internet or print materials the meaning of non-metallic material
- Discuss examples of non-metallic materials (wood, plastic, rubber, glass, ceramics, stone, cement, paper)

Why are different metals suitable for different uses?
What are non-metallic materials?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 55
- Chart papers
- Markers
- Pictures
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 56
- Pictures
- Internet access
- Non-metallic samples
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 57
- School environment
- Exercise books

- Poster making - Presentations - Peer assessment
- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Natural and synthetic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the difference between natural and synthetic non-metallic materials
- Categorise non-metallic materials as either natural or synthetic
- Value both natural and synthetic materials in production

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Read and discuss definitions of synthetic and natural materials
- Categorise materials as natural (wood, cotton, leather, wool) or synthetic (plastic, rubber, cement, glass, ceramics, nylon)
- Sort non-metallic materials in the environment as natural or synthetic

What is the difference between natural and synthetic materials?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 58
- Natural material samples
- Synthetic material samples
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Sorting activities

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Identifying natural and synthetic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify natural and synthetic materials in the environment
- Create a poster showing natural and synthetic non-metallic materials
- Appreciate the sources of different materials

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Identify non-metallic materials in the environment
- Categorise materials as natural or synthetic
- Take pictures of materials and make a poster to share with peers

How can we identify natural and synthetic materials around us?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 58
- Environment
- Camera/phone
- Chart papers

- Poster making - Observation - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Colour and texture of non-metallic materials
Non-Metallic Materials - Hardness of non-metallic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the colour and texture of non-metallic materials
- Examine the colour and texture of wood, stone, plastics, paper, rubber, cement, glass and ceramics
- Show curiosity in observing material properties

- Explain hardness as a property of non-metallic materials
- Perform hardness test on non-metallic materials
- Appreciate the varying hardness of different materials

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Look at collected samples of non-metallic materials and describe colour appearance
- Feel the texture of each material and say whether rough or smooth
- Create a summary table to record colour and texture of each material

- Use a metal nail to scratch each material lightly
- Observe which materials scratch easily and which resist scratching
- Classify materials as soft (scratch easily) or hard (resist scratching) and record results

What colours and textures do non-metallic materials have?
Which non-metallic materials are hard and which are soft?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 59
- Wood, stone, plastic, paper, rubber, cement, glass, ceramic samples

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 59
- Metal nail
- Non-metallic material samples
- Gloves

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Fire resistance of non-metallic materials
Non-Metallic Materials - Summary of physical properties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain fire resistance as a property of non-metallic materials
- Perform fire resistance test on non-metallic materials
- Value safety precautions when working with fire

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Light a candle and hold each material over the flame using tongs
- Observe how each material reacts (catches fire, melts or changes colour)
- Create a summary table showing fire resistance of each material

Which non-metallic materials are fire resistant?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 60
- Candle
- Tongs
- Non-metallic material samples
- Safety gloves
- Summary table
- Exercise books

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Uses of wood, stone, plastics and paper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the uses of wood, stone, plastics and paper in the locality
- Match non-metallic materials to their uses
- Value the contribution of non-metallic materials to everyday life

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss uses of wood (furniture, flooring, construction)
- Discuss uses of stone (building foundations, walling, landscaping)
- Discuss uses of plastics (bottles, packaging, household items) and paper (books, newspapers, packaging)

How are wood, stone, plastics and paper used in our locality?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 61
- Pictures
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Matching activities

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Uses of rubber, cement, glass and ceramics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the uses of rubber, cement, glass and ceramics in the locality
- Relate non-metallic materials to their applications
- Appreciate the importance of non-metallic materials in production

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss uses of rubber (tires, footwear, seals)
- Discuss uses of cement (constructing buildings, making roads)
- Discuss uses of glass (windows, bottles, decorative items) and ceramics (tiles, pottery, kitchenware)
- Write summary of uses of non-metallic materials in production

How are rubber, cement, glass and ceramics used in production?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 61
- Pictures
- Charts
- Exercise books

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions