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SCHEME OF WORK
Physics
Grade 10 2026
TERM II
School


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WK LSN STRAND SUB-STRAND LESSON LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING EXPERIENCES KEY INQUIRY QUESTIONS LEARNING RESOURCES ASSESSMENT METHODS REFLECTION
2 1
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Definition of work
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define work as product of force and displacement
- State the SI unit of work as joule
- Differentiate between work done and no work done like pushing a wall versus pushing a wheelbarrow
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss scenarios where work is done and not done
- Calculate work done in lifting and pushing objects
- Relate work to force and displacement
When do we say work is done in Physics?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 105
- Spring balance
- Metre rule
- Various objects
- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation
2 2
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Definition of work
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define work as product of force and displacement
- State the SI unit of work as joule
- Differentiate between work done and no work done like pushing a wall versus pushing a wheelbarrow
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss scenarios where work is done and not done
- Calculate work done in lifting and pushing objects
- Relate work to force and displacement
When do we say work is done in Physics?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 105
- Spring balance
- Metre rule
- Various objects
- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation
2 3
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Calculating work done
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate work done using W = F × d
- Measure work done experimentally
- Apply work calculations to lifting luggage, climbing stairs and pulling carts
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Measure force and distance to calculate work done
- Solve numerical problems on work
- Discuss work done against gravity and friction
How much work is done when lifting a 10 kg mass through 2 metres?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 107
- Spring balance
- Known masses
- Metre rule
- Stopwatch
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Problem-solving
2 4
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Calculating work done
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate work done using W = F × d
- Measure work done experimentally
- Apply work calculations to lifting luggage, climbing stairs and pulling carts
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Measure force and distance to calculate work done
- Solve numerical problems on work
- Discuss work done against gravity and friction
How much work is done when lifting a 10 kg mass through 2 metres?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 107
- Spring balance
- Known masses
- Metre rule
- Stopwatch
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Problem-solving
2 5
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Calculating work done
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate work done using W = F × d
- Measure work done experimentally
- Apply work calculations to lifting luggage, climbing stairs and pulling carts
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Measure force and distance to calculate work done
- Solve numerical problems on work
- Discuss work done against gravity and friction
How much work is done when lifting a 10 kg mass through 2 metres?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 107
- Spring balance
- Known masses
- Metre rule
- Stopwatch
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Problem-solving
3 1
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Energy and its forms
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define energy as ability to do work
- Identify different forms of energy
- Connect energy forms to household appliances like heaters, bulbs and motors
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Move objects and discuss energy expended
- Identify forms of energy in various situations
- Discuss energy sources and their uses
What enables us to do work?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 108
- Various objects
- Pictures of energy sources
- Digital resources
- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions
3 2
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Energy and its forms
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define energy as ability to do work
- Identify different forms of energy
- Connect energy forms to household appliances like heaters, bulbs and motors
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Move objects and discuss energy expended
- Identify forms of energy in various situations
- Discuss energy sources and their uses
What enables us to do work?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 108
- Various objects
- Pictures of energy sources
- Digital resources
- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions
3 3
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Definition and calculation of power
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define power as rate of doing work
- Calculate power using P = W/t or P = F × v
- Compare power ratings of different electrical appliances like kettles, bulbs and heaters
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate power from work and time measurements
- Compare power of different activities
- Solve numerical problems on power
Why do some appliances consume more electricity than others?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 108
- Stopwatch
- Spring balance
- Known masses
- Calculators
- Written tests - Problem-solving - Practical assessment
3 4
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Definition and calculation of power
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define power as rate of doing work
- Calculate power using P = W/t or P = F × v
- Compare power ratings of different electrical appliances like kettles, bulbs and heaters
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate power from work and time measurements
- Compare power of different activities
- Solve numerical problems on power
Why do some appliances consume more electricity than others?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 108
- Stopwatch
- Spring balance
- Known masses
- Calculators
- Written tests - Problem-solving - Practical assessment
3 5
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Definition and calculation of power
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define power as rate of doing work
- Calculate power using P = W/t or P = F × v
- Compare power ratings of different electrical appliances like kettles, bulbs and heaters
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate power from work and time measurements
- Compare power of different activities
- Solve numerical problems on power
Why do some appliances consume more electricity than others?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 108
- Stopwatch
- Spring balance
- Known masses
- Calculators
- Written tests - Problem-solving - Practical assessment
4 1
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Kinetic energy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define kinetic energy as energy due to motion
- Calculate kinetic energy using KE = ½mv²
- Connect kinetic energy to moving vehicles, athletes and flowing water
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Roll toy car down ramp and calculate its kinetic energy
- Investigate how mass and velocity affect K.E
- Solve problems on kinetic energy
How does speed affect the kinetic energy of a moving object?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 112
- Toy car
- Ramp
- Stopwatch
- Measuring tape
- Beam balance
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Problem-solving
4 2
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Kinetic energy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define kinetic energy as energy due to motion
- Calculate kinetic energy using KE = ½mv²
- Connect kinetic energy to moving vehicles, athletes and flowing water
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Roll toy car down ramp and calculate its kinetic energy
- Investigate how mass and velocity affect K.E
- Solve problems on kinetic energy
How does speed affect the kinetic energy of a moving object?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 112
- Toy car
- Ramp
- Stopwatch
- Measuring tape
- Beam balance
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Problem-solving
4 3
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Gravitational potential energy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define gravitational potential energy
- Calculate P.E using PE = mgh
- Connect potential energy to water stored in elevated tanks and dams for hydropower
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Lift objects to different heights and calculate P.E
- Investigate effect of mass and height on P.E
- Solve numerical problems on potential energy
How does height affect the potential energy of an object?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 114
- Small weights
- Metre rule
- Beam balance
- Stand
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Problem-solving
4 4
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Gravitational potential energy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define gravitational potential energy
- Calculate P.E using PE = mgh
- Connect potential energy to water stored in elevated tanks and dams for hydropower
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Lift objects to different heights and calculate P.E
- Investigate effect of mass and height on P.E
- Solve numerical problems on potential energy
How does height affect the potential energy of an object?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 114
- Small weights
- Metre rule
- Beam balance
- Stand
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Problem-solving
4 5
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Elastic potential energy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define elastic potential energy
- Demonstrate elastic P.E in stretched materials
- Connect elastic potential energy to catapults, bow and arrow, and car shock absorbers
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Stretch rubber bands and release to propel objects
- Investigate elastic P.E in springs
- Calculate elastic P.E using area under F-e graph
How do stretched materials store energy?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 116
- Rubber bands
- Springs
- Small objects
- Paper balls
- Practical assessment - Observation - Written questions
5 1
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Conservation of mechanical energy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the law of conservation of energy
- Demonstrate energy transformation using a pendulum
- Connect energy conservation to swings in playgrounds and roller coasters
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Set up simple pendulum and observe energy changes
- Identify P.E and K.E at different positions
- Verify total mechanical energy is constant
What happens to energy as a pendulum swings?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 118
- Pendulum bob
- String
- Stand
- Metre rule
- Practical assessment - Oral questions - Written tests
5 2
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Conservation of mechanical energy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the law of conservation of energy
- Demonstrate energy transformation using a pendulum
- Connect energy conservation to swings in playgrounds and roller coasters
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Set up simple pendulum and observe energy changes
- Identify P.E and K.E at different positions
- Verify total mechanical energy is constant
What happens to energy as a pendulum swings?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 118
- Pendulum bob
- String
- Stand
- Metre rule
- Practical assessment - Oral questions - Written tests
5 3
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Conservation of mechanical energy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the law of conservation of energy
- Demonstrate energy transformation using a pendulum
- Connect energy conservation to swings in playgrounds and roller coasters
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Set up simple pendulum and observe energy changes
- Identify P.E and K.E at different positions
- Verify total mechanical energy is constant
What happens to energy as a pendulum swings?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 118
- Pendulum bob
- String
- Stand
- Metre rule
- Practical assessment - Oral questions - Written tests
5 4
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Conservation of mechanical energy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the law of conservation of energy
- Demonstrate energy transformation using a pendulum
- Connect energy conservation to swings in playgrounds and roller coasters
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Set up simple pendulum and observe energy changes
- Identify P.E and K.E at different positions
- Verify total mechanical energy is constant
What happens to energy as a pendulum swings?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 118
- Pendulum bob
- String
- Stand
- Metre rule
- Practical assessment - Oral questions - Written tests
5 5
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Energy transformations
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe energy transformations in various systems
- Apply conservation of energy to solve problems
- Connect energy transformations to motor vehicles, power stations and home appliances
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss energy changes in falling objects, vehicles, and appliances
- Visit a garage to observe energy transformations in vehicles
- Solve problems using conservation of energy
How is energy transformed in a moving vehicle?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 121
- Digital resources
- Pictures of machines
- Reference books
- Written tests - Oral questions - Project work
6 1
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Types of simple machines
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of simple machines
- Describe applications of levers, pulleys and inclined planes
- Connect simple machines to everyday tools like scissors, wheelbarrows and ramps
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital resources to search for types of simple machines
- Identify simple machines in the environment
- Classify levers into first, second and third class
How do simple machines make work easier?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 124
- Pictures of simple machines
- Examples of levers
- Inclined plane model
- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation
6 2
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - MA, VR and efficiency
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency
- Calculate MA, VR and efficiency of machines
- Explain why efficiency is always less than 100% due to friction in real machines
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss meaning of MA, VR and efficiency
- Calculate MA and VR from experimental data
- Relate efficiency to energy losses
Why is the efficiency of machines always less than 100%?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 129
- Simple machines
- Spring balance
- Known masses
- Metre rule
- Written tests - Problem-solving - Practical assessment
6 3
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - MA, VR and efficiency
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency
- Calculate MA, VR and efficiency of machines
- Explain why efficiency is always less than 100% due to friction in real machines
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss meaning of MA, VR and efficiency
- Calculate MA and VR from experimental data
- Relate efficiency to energy losses
Why is the efficiency of machines always less than 100%?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 129
- Simple machines
- Spring balance
- Known masses
- Metre rule
- Written tests - Problem-solving - Practical assessment
6 4
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - MA, VR and efficiency
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency
- Calculate MA, VR and efficiency of machines
- Explain why efficiency is always less than 100% due to friction in real machines
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss meaning of MA, VR and efficiency
- Calculate MA and VR from experimental data
- Relate efficiency to energy losses
Why is the efficiency of machines always less than 100%?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 129
- Simple machines
- Spring balance
- Known masses
- Metre rule
- Written tests - Problem-solving - Practical assessment
6 5
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - MA, VR and efficiency
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency
- Calculate MA, VR and efficiency of machines
- Explain why efficiency is always less than 100% due to friction in real machines
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss meaning of MA, VR and efficiency
- Calculate MA and VR from experimental data
- Relate efficiency to energy losses
Why is the efficiency of machines always less than 100%?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 129
- Simple machines
- Spring balance
- Known masses
- Metre rule
- Written tests - Problem-solving - Practical assessment
7 1
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Levers
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate MA and VR of levers
- Apply principle of moments to levers
- Relate lever calculations to using crowbars, scissors and wheelbarrows
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Set up different classes of levers
- Calculate MA and VR experimentally
- Solve problems on levers
How does the position of the fulcrum affect the mechanical advantage of a lever?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 131
- Lever apparatus
- Known masses
- Spring balance
- Metre rule
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Problem-solving
7 2
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Pulleys
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate VR of pulley systems
- Investigate efficiency of pulley systems
- Connect pulley systems to cranes, flagpoles and construction hoists
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Set up single fixed and movable pulleys
- Set up block and tackle system
- Calculate MA, VR and efficiency experimentally
How does the number of pulleys affect the velocity ratio?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 131
- Pulleys
- String
- Known masses
- Spring balance
- Stand
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Observation
7 3
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Pulleys
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate VR of pulley systems
- Investigate efficiency of pulley systems
- Connect pulley systems to cranes, flagpoles and construction hoists
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Set up single fixed and movable pulleys
- Set up block and tackle system
- Calculate MA, VR and efficiency experimentally
How does the number of pulleys affect the velocity ratio?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 131
- Pulleys
- String
- Known masses
- Spring balance
- Stand
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Observation
7 4
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Pulleys
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate VR of pulley systems
- Investigate efficiency of pulley systems
- Connect pulley systems to cranes, flagpoles and construction hoists
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Set up single fixed and movable pulleys
- Set up block and tackle system
- Calculate MA, VR and efficiency experimentally
How does the number of pulleys affect the velocity ratio?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 131
- Pulleys
- String
- Known masses
- Spring balance
- Stand
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Observation
7 5
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Pulleys
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate VR of pulley systems
- Investigate efficiency of pulley systems
- Connect pulley systems to cranes, flagpoles and construction hoists
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Set up single fixed and movable pulleys
- Set up block and tackle system
- Calculate MA, VR and efficiency experimentally
How does the number of pulleys affect the velocity ratio?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 131
- Pulleys
- String
- Known masses
- Spring balance
- Stand
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Observation
8 1
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Inclined plane and screw
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate VR of inclined plane as length/height
- Calculate VR of screw using pitch and circumference
- Connect inclined planes to loading ramps and wheelchair access, and screws to car jacks
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Roll objects up inclined plane at different angles
- Calculate VR of inclined plane
- Discuss relationship between screw and inclined plane
How does the angle of inclination affect the effort required?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 134
- Inclined plane
- Screw jack
- Spring balance
- Metre rule
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Problem-solving
8 2
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Inclined plane and screw
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate VR of inclined plane as length/height
- Calculate VR of screw using pitch and circumference
- Connect inclined planes to loading ramps and wheelchair access, and screws to car jacks
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Roll objects up inclined plane at different angles
- Calculate VR of inclined plane
- Discuss relationship between screw and inclined plane
How does the angle of inclination affect the effort required?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 134
- Inclined plane
- Screw jack
- Spring balance
- Metre rule
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Problem-solving
8 3
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Inclined plane and screw
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate VR of inclined plane as length/height
- Calculate VR of screw using pitch and circumference
- Connect inclined planes to loading ramps and wheelchair access, and screws to car jacks
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Roll objects up inclined plane at different angles
- Calculate VR of inclined plane
- Discuss relationship between screw and inclined plane
How does the angle of inclination affect the effort required?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 134
- Inclined plane
- Screw jack
- Spring balance
- Metre rule
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Problem-solving
8 4
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Inclined plane and screw
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate VR of inclined plane as length/height
- Calculate VR of screw using pitch and circumference
- Connect inclined planes to loading ramps and wheelchair access, and screws to car jacks
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Roll objects up inclined plane at different angles
- Calculate VR of inclined plane
- Discuss relationship between screw and inclined plane
How does the angle of inclination affect the effort required?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 134
- Inclined plane
- Screw jack
- Spring balance
- Metre rule
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Problem-solving
8 5
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Inclined plane and screw
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate VR of inclined plane as length/height
- Calculate VR of screw using pitch and circumference
- Connect inclined planes to loading ramps and wheelchair access, and screws to car jacks
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Roll objects up inclined plane at different angles
- Calculate VR of inclined plane
- Discuss relationship between screw and inclined plane
How does the angle of inclination affect the effort required?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 134
- Inclined plane
- Screw jack
- Spring balance
- Metre rule
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Problem-solving
9 1
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Wheel and axle, gears
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate VR of wheel and axle
- Calculate VR of gear systems
- Connect wheel and axle to steering wheels and door knobs, and gears to bicycles and car gearboxes
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Demonstrate wheel and axle operation
- Calculate VR of gear systems with different teeth
- Solve problems on wheel and axle and gears
How do gears change speed and force?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 137
- Wheel and axle model
- Gear wheels
- Bicycle
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Oral questions
9 2
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Wheel and axle, gears
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate VR of wheel and axle
- Calculate VR of gear systems
- Connect wheel and axle to steering wheels and door knobs, and gears to bicycles and car gearboxes
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Demonstrate wheel and axle operation
- Calculate VR of gear systems with different teeth
- Solve problems on wheel and axle and gears
How do gears change speed and force?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 137
- Wheel and axle model
- Gear wheels
- Bicycle
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Oral questions
9 3
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Wheel and axle, gears
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate VR of wheel and axle
- Calculate VR of gear systems
- Connect wheel and axle to steering wheels and door knobs, and gears to bicycles and car gearboxes
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Demonstrate wheel and axle operation
- Calculate VR of gear systems with different teeth
- Solve problems on wheel and axle and gears
How do gears change speed and force?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 137
- Wheel and axle model
- Gear wheels
- Bicycle
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Oral questions
9 4
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Wheel and axle, gears
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate VR of wheel and axle
- Calculate VR of gear systems
- Connect wheel and axle to steering wheels and door knobs, and gears to bicycles and car gearboxes
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Demonstrate wheel and axle operation
- Calculate VR of gear systems with different teeth
- Solve problems on wheel and axle and gears
How do gears change speed and force?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 137
- Wheel and axle model
- Gear wheels
- Bicycle
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Oral questions
9 5
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Wheel and axle, gears
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate VR of wheel and axle
- Calculate VR of gear systems
- Connect wheel and axle to steering wheels and door knobs, and gears to bicycles and car gearboxes
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Demonstrate wheel and axle operation
- Calculate VR of gear systems with different teeth
- Solve problems on wheel and axle and gears
How do gears change speed and force?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 137
- Wheel and axle model
- Gear wheels
- Bicycle
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Oral questions
10 1
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Hydraulic machines and applications
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain working principle of hydraulic machines
- Calculate force multiplication in hydraulic systems
- Connect hydraulic machines to car brakes, car jacks and construction equipment
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Construct simple hydraulic system using syringes
- Calculate force and VR of hydraulic press
- Discuss applications in vehicles and construction
- Identify simple machines in treadmills, elevators and escalators
How do hydraulic machines multiply force?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 139
- Syringes of different sizes
- Tubing
- Water
- Pictures of hydraulic machines
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Project presentations
10 2
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Hydraulic machines and applications
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain working principle of hydraulic machines
- Calculate force multiplication in hydraulic systems
- Connect hydraulic machines to car brakes, car jacks and construction equipment
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Construct simple hydraulic system using syringes
- Calculate force and VR of hydraulic press
- Discuss applications in vehicles and construction
- Identify simple machines in treadmills, elevators and escalators
How do hydraulic machines multiply force?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 139
- Syringes of different sizes
- Tubing
- Water
- Pictures of hydraulic machines
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Project presentations
10 3
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Hydraulic machines and applications
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain working principle of hydraulic machines
- Calculate force multiplication in hydraulic systems
- Connect hydraulic machines to car brakes, car jacks and construction equipment
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Construct simple hydraulic system using syringes
- Calculate force and VR of hydraulic press
- Discuss applications in vehicles and construction
- Identify simple machines in treadmills, elevators and escalators
How do hydraulic machines multiply force?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 139
- Syringes of different sizes
- Tubing
- Water
- Pictures of hydraulic machines
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Project presentations
10 4
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Hydraulic machines and applications
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain working principle of hydraulic machines
- Calculate force multiplication in hydraulic systems
- Connect hydraulic machines to car brakes, car jacks and construction equipment
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Construct simple hydraulic system using syringes
- Calculate force and VR of hydraulic press
- Discuss applications in vehicles and construction
- Identify simple machines in treadmills, elevators and escalators
How do hydraulic machines multiply force?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 139
- Syringes of different sizes
- Tubing
- Water
- Pictures of hydraulic machines
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Project presentations
10 5
Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Energy, Work, Power and Machines - Hydraulic machines and applications
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain working principle of hydraulic machines
- Calculate force multiplication in hydraulic systems
- Connect hydraulic machines to car brakes, car jacks and construction equipment
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Construct simple hydraulic system using syringes
- Calculate force and VR of hydraulic press
- Discuss applications in vehicles and construction
- Identify simple machines in treadmills, elevators and escalators
How do hydraulic machines multiply force?
- Spotlight Physics Learner's Book pg. 139
- Syringes of different sizes
- Tubing
- Water
- Pictures of hydraulic machines
- Practical assessment - Written tests - Project presentations

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