Hygiene Practices

Personal Hygiene - Introduction to Personal Hygiene
Personal Hygiene - Healthy Practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term personal hygiene
- Identify healthy practices that promote personal hygiene
- Show interest in maintaining personal hygiene for good health

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the meaning of personal hygiene: habits and practices individuals follow to keep themselves clean and healthy
- Study the chart showing four healthy practices: hand washing, brushing teeth, use of personal protective equipment and use of clean water
- Discuss how each healthy practice promotes personal hygiene and share ideas with the class

How does personal hygiene promote good health?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 68
- Digital devices
- Charts on personal hygiene
- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 69
- Activity worksheets
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Personal Hygiene - Personal Protective Equipment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common personal protective equipment used in daily activities
- Explain how each PPE item promotes personal hygiene
- Value the use of PPE as a hygiene practice

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study pictures of PPE items: gloves, face mask, chef's hat, dust coat and gumboots
- Discuss when each PPE item is used: gloves for cleaning/farming, dust mask for dusting, chef's hat for cooking, gumboots for farming
- Use digital devices to search for information on common PPE and observe a demonstration on their uses

How does personal hygiene promote good health?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 70
- Pictures of PPE items
- Digital devices
- Actual PPE items where available

- Oral questions - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Personal Hygiene - Applying Healthy Practices
Personal Hygiene - Correct Hand Washing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how germs spread through touch
- Explain why hand washing is important in preventing spread of germs
- Show commitment to regular hand washing

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Sprinkle glitter on hands to represent germs and touch classroom objects such as desks, chairs and books
- Observe how the glitter (representing germs) transfers from hands to objects and surfaces
- Discuss how germs spread easily on things and surfaces we touch and why hand washing is important

How does personal hygiene promote good health?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 71
- Glitter
- Classroom objects
- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 73
- Soap
- Clean towel or paper towel
- Running water

- Observation - Oral questions

Hygiene Practices

Personal Hygiene - Use of Clean Water
Personal Hygiene - Wearing PPE During Activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of using clean water for personal hygiene
- Describe how to boil water to make it safe for drinking
- Appreciate the use of clean water as a hygiene practice

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss that clean water should be used for hand washing, bathing, washing utensils and cleaning food to prevent spread of diseases
- Boil water for drinking: put water in a clean sufuria, boil for four minutes with a lid, turn off heat, allow to cool and pour in a glass to drink
- Discuss that boiling kills germs and makes water safe for drinking

How does personal hygiene promote good health?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 74
- Sufuria with lid
- Water
- Source of heat
- Glass
- PPE items (apron, gloves, dust mask, gumboots, hair net)
- Classroom activity stations

- Practical assessment - Oral questions

Hygiene Practices

Personal Hygiene - Making a Tippy Tap

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how to make a tippy tap for hand washing
- Construct a tippy tap using locally available materials
- Appreciate innovation in promoting personal hygiene

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search the internet for video clips showing how to make a tippy tap
- Write down the procedure and collect the required materials
- Construct the tippy tap with teacher guidance and use it to wash hands, demonstrating its role in promoting hand hygiene

How does personal hygiene promote good health?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 75
- Digital devices
- Locally available materials for tippy tap
- Water and soap

- Practical assessment - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Personal Hygiene - Hygiene Awareness Posters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a poster promoting hand washing
- Present the poster to the class and explain its messages
- Show creativity in promoting personal hygiene awareness

- Make posters on washing hands showing: the steps of washing hands, the importance of washing hands and when one should wash their hands
- Pin the posters on the school noticeboard to create awareness among other learners
- Discuss that every year October 15th is Hand Washing Day to promote awareness of washing hands with soap and water

How does personal hygiene promote good health?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 74
- Manila paper or cardboard
- Markers and crayons
- Reference books

- Oral presentation - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Introduction to Domestic Hygiene

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term domestic hygiene
- Identify domestic hygiene practices shown in pictures
- Show interest in maintaining a clean and safe home environment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Define domestic hygiene: keeping the home clean and safe to keep family members healthy and comfortable
- Study pictures of domestic hygiene activities: wiping a table, sweeping a floor, disposing of waste in a dustbin and mopping a floor
- Identify the activity in each picture, list other cleaning activities done at home and discuss tools used for each activity

How can we maintain hygiene in the home environment?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 76
- Pictures of domestic hygiene activities
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Methods of Cleaning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the four methods used for cleaning the home environment
- Explain what each cleaning method involves
- Appreciate the importance of using the correct method for each surface

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the four methods of cleaning: mopping (using a mop or rag with soapy water on floors), sweeping (using a broom to remove dirt or dust from the floor), dusting (removing dust from surfaces with a soft cloth) and disposal of waste appropriately
- Complete the crossword puzzle using the four methods as hints: mopping, dusting, sweeping, disposal
- Discuss which tools and equipment are used to clean the home

How can we maintain hygiene in the home environment?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 77
- Crossword puzzle activity sheet
- Cleaning equipment pictures

- Written assignment - Oral questions

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Tools and Equipment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify tools and equipment used to clean the home
- Explain how to improvise cleaning tools from locally available materials
- Show creativity in improvising cleaning equipment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss tools and equipment used for cleaning: brooms, dusters, mops, buckets, water, soap, dustpans and dustbins
- Discuss that if you do not have the materials needed, you can improvise using available materials
- Improvise a dustbin using an empty carton box: collect an empty carton, open the top surface and the dustbin is ready for use

How can we maintain hygiene in the home environment?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 78
- Empty carton box
- Cleaning equipment

- Observation - Practical assessment

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Improvising Cleaning Tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the steps for improvising a dustpan from a jerrycan
- Describe the steps for improvising a mop from old cloth
- Value the use of locally available materials in maintaining domestic hygiene

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Improvise a dustpan from a 5-litre jerrycan: mark the part to cut, cut along the marked line and the dustpan is ready to use for collecting rubbish
- Improvise a mop from old cloth: gather absorbent old pieces of cloth, cut into long strips of equal sizes and tie the strips tightly on one end of a long wooden stick
- Demonstrate use of the improvised dustpan and mop

How can we maintain hygiene in the home environment?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 79
- 5-litre jerrycan
- Old cloth pieces
- Scissors, knife, rope, long wooden stick

- Practical assessment - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Improvising Cleaning Tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the steps for improvising a dustpan from a jerrycan
- Describe the steps for improvising a mop from old cloth
- Value the use of locally available materials in maintaining domestic hygiene

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Improvise a dustpan from a 5-litre jerrycan: mark the part to cut, cut along the marked line and the dustpan is ready to use for collecting rubbish
- Improvise a mop from old cloth: gather absorbent old pieces of cloth, cut into long strips of equal sizes and tie the strips tightly on one end of a long wooden stick
- Demonstrate use of the improvised dustpan and mop

How can we maintain hygiene in the home environment?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 79
- 5-litre jerrycan
- Old cloth pieces
- Scissors, knife, rope, long wooden stick

- Practical assessment - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Improvising a Broom

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the steps for improvising a broom from reeds
- Construct a broom using locally available materials
- Appreciate the value of improvisation in promoting domestic hygiene

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Collect reeds and hold them in a bunch, trim the bottom part for evenness
- Tie the reeds tightly using a rope and the broom is ready for use
- Discuss other locally available materials that can be used to make cleaning equipment and share ideas with the class

How can we maintain hygiene in the home environment?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 82
- Reeds
- Rope or string
- Scissors

- Practical assessment - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Cleaning the Classroom

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the steps for cleaning a classroom floor
- Clean the classroom applying correct methods and safety
- Show responsibility in maintaining a clean school environment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Gather materials: brooms, dusters, mops, buckets, water, soap, dustpans and dustbins
- Clean the classroom: close windows and doors, push chairs and desks aside, wear dust coat and dust mask, sweep starting from the edge towards the centre, mop the floor and dispose waste appropriately
- Discuss safety precautions observed when cleaning: do not face each other with brooms and handle tools safely

How can we maintain hygiene in the home environment?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 80
- Brooms, mops, dustpans, dustbins
- Water, soap, bucket
- Dust coat and mask

- Practical assessment - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Cleaning the School Environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply domestic hygiene methods to clean the school environment
- Demonstrate correct use of cleaning tools and equipment in the school environment
- Appreciate a clean school environment for healthy living

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Clean the school environment under teacher guidance: sweep footpaths and walkways, collect litter and dispose waste in dustbins appropriately
- Discuss which methods of cleaning were used and which materials were needed
- Discuss safety precautions observed while cleaning the school environment

How can we maintain hygiene in the home environment?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 83
- Cleaning tools and equipment
- Dustbins

- Practical assessment - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Domestic Hygiene - Importance of Domestic Hygiene

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of maintaining a clean home environment
- Recite and interpret a poem about domestic hygiene
- Show commitment to cleaning the home environment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Recite the poem "Clean homes keep us strong and well": discuss how each stanza promotes the message of domestic hygiene
- Discuss questions: how does a clean home promote good health and what is the importance of a clean environment
- Assist parents or guardians to clean the home as a take home activity; observe safety measures and share experiences in class

How can we maintain hygiene in the home environment?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 83
- Poem text from course book
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - Introduction to Cleaning PPE

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common personal protective equipment used in daily life
- Explain why PPE must be kept clean
- Show interest in maintaining clean PPE for hygiene

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study pictures of PPE being used for cooking and farming: chef wearing apron and hat in the kitchen, farmers using gumboots and gloves in the field
- Identify the PPE being used in each picture and discuss why it must be kept clean
- Use digital devices to search for information on common PPE and observe a demonstration on their uses

How does cleaning of personal protective equipment promote hygiene?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 84
- Pictures of PPE in use
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - Introduction to Cleaning PPE

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common personal protective equipment used in daily life
- Explain why PPE must be kept clean
- Show interest in maintaining clean PPE for hygiene

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study pictures of PPE being used for cooking and farming: chef wearing apron and hat in the kitchen, farmers using gumboots and gloves in the field
- Identify the PPE being used in each picture and discuss why it must be kept clean
- Use digital devices to search for information on common PPE and observe a demonstration on their uses

How does cleaning of personal protective equipment promote hygiene?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 84
- Pictures of PPE in use
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - Uses and Importance of PPE

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Match PPE items to their functions in promoting hygiene
- Explain how each PPE item promotes personal hygiene
- Appreciate the importance of using and maintaining clean PPE

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Match PPE to their importance: gloves protect hands from dirt and injury, dust mask prevents inhaling dust, gumboots protect feet from mud and sharp objects, chef's hat prevents hair from falling into food, dust coat protects body from dust when sweeping
- Discuss how wearing clean PPE protects both the user and others around them
- Discuss the importance of cleaning PPE after use

How does cleaning of personal protective equipment promote hygiene?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 85
- PPE items
- Flash cards on PPE uses

- Oral questions - Written assignment

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - Cleaning Canvas Shoes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the steps for cleaning canvas shoes
- Clean canvas shoes following the correct procedure
- Show responsibility in maintaining clean footwear as PPE

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Gather materials: two basins, clean warm water, soft brush, soap, blunt stick
- Clean canvas shoes: remove shoelaces and wash them in warm soapy water, remove mud from soles with a blunt stick, remove insoles, dip shoes in warm soapy water, scrub gently with a soft brush, rinse in clean water, remove excess water, place against a wall to dry, return insoles and laces when dry and store in an airy place
- Discuss safety measures when cleaning shoes

How does cleaning of personal protective equipment promote hygiene?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 86
- Two basins
- Warm water, soap, soft brush
- Blunt stick, canvas shoes

- Practical assessment - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - Cleaning Gumboots

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the steps for cleaning gumboots
- Clean gumboots following the correct procedure
- Value the importance of cleaning gumboots after use

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Gather materials: two basins, clean warm water, soft brush, gumboots, blunt stick and soap
- Clean gumboots: remove mud from the outside using a blunt stick, dip in warm soapy water, scrub the inside and outside with a soft brush, rinse in clean water, remove excess water and place upside down to dry in an airy place
- Discuss how to store cleaning materials properly after use

How does cleaning of personal protective equipment promote hygiene?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 87
- Two basins
- Warm water, soap, soft brush
- Blunt stick, gumboots

- Practical assessment - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - Cleaning Gumboots

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the steps for cleaning gumboots
- Clean gumboots following the correct procedure
- Value the importance of cleaning gumboots after use

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Gather materials: two basins, clean warm water, soft brush, gumboots, blunt stick and soap
- Clean gumboots: remove mud from the outside using a blunt stick, dip in warm soapy water, scrub the inside and outside with a soft brush, rinse in clean water, remove excess water and place upside down to dry in an airy place
- Discuss how to store cleaning materials properly after use

How does cleaning of personal protective equipment promote hygiene?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 87
- Two basins
- Warm water, soap, soft brush
- Blunt stick, gumboots

- Practical assessment - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - Safety Measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State safety measures to observe when cleaning gumboots and canvas shoes
- Explain the reason for each safety measure
- Demonstrate safety awareness when cleaning PPE

- Study the picture of Grade 4 learners discussing safety measures and read their statements: dispose of mud and cleaning water appropriately, do not wash shoes using hot water, store cleaning materials properly and wipe any spilled water after cleaning shoes
- Give a reason for each safety measure
- Discuss what could happen if safety measures are not observed when cleaning PPE

How does cleaning of personal protective equipment promote hygiene?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 89
- Safety measures picture from course book
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written assignment

Hygiene Practices

Cleaning Personal Protective Equipment - Story and Display

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Answer questions on a story about cleaning PPE
- Display cleaned PPE to promote hygiene awareness
- Appreciate clean PPE in promoting personal and group hygiene

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read the story activity and answer questions on the importance and correct use of PPE
- With the help of parents or guardians, clean and store canvas shoes or gumboots at home as a take home activity
- Make a display of cleaned PPE in the classroom to appreciate and promote hygiene

How does cleaning of personal protective equipment promote hygiene?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 89
- Story text from course book
- Cleaned PPE items

- Observation - Oral questions - Display

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - Introduction to Tacking Stitches
Making Tacking Stitches - Types of Tacking Stitches

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a stitch and explain what tacking stitches are
- Identify stitches on items of clothing
- Show curiosity about sewing and tacking stitches

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Define a stitch as a piece of thread sewn in cloth and discuss what tacking stitches are
- Study pictures (a) and (b) showing items with stitches and discuss whether stitches can be seen and what would happen if they were removed
- Look at the inner part of the bottom edge of their skirt, short or dress; identify whether there is a fold, whether it has stitches and try to identify the stitch used

How can we use tacking stitches in making items?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 90
- Samples of items with stitches
- Learners' own clothing
- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 91
- Stitch samples from teacher
- Pictures of tacking stitches

- Oral questions - Observation

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - Let Us Learn

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how stitches are made by hand using a needle and thread
- State the key features of even and long and short tacking stitches
- Show interest in learning to make tacking stitches

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss that stitches are made by hand using a needle and thread or using a sewing machine
- Recall the two types: even tacking stitches are all of the same length; long and short tacking stitches are made of a long stitch followed by a short stitch
- Draw a row of even stitches and a row of long and short stitches on manila paper, mount on scrapbook, label them and present work in class

How can we use tacking stitches in making items?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 92
- Manila paper
- Pencils and rulers
- Scrapbook

- Oral questions - Written assignment

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - Materials and Tools
Making Tacking Stitches - Preparing Fabric

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify materials and tools needed for making tacking stitches
- Prepare a piece of cloth for sewing by cutting and marking
- Show care when handling needles and sharp tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify materials needed: needle, thread, piece of cloth, pencil, ruler, tape measure, pair of scissors and thimble
- Place a piece of cloth on a flat surface, measure 15 cm by 15 cm, mark using a pencil, join marked areas using a pencil and ruler and cut along the marked line using scissors
- Fold the fabric into half and cut to have two equal pieces

How can we use tacking stitches in making items?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 93
- Needle, thread, cloth
- Pencil, ruler, tape measure
- Pair of scissors, thimble
- Pieces of cloth

- Observation - Practical assessment

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - Making Even Stitches

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Thread a needle correctly and put on a thimble
- Make even tacking stitches along marked dots on fabric
- Start and end stitches with a double stitch to secure the work

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Thread the needle and put the thimble on the middle finger of the hand holding the needle
- Insert the needle in the first dot from the back side of the fabric and pull through; insert through the second hole and pull the thread to make a stitch; insert through the first dot again and bring it through the second dot to make a double stitch
- Insert needle in the third dot and bring through the fourth dot; continue making stitches until the end of the fabric; finish with a double stitch and cut the thread

How can we use tacking stitches in making items?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 93
- Needle, thread, thimble
- Prepared fabric pieces
- Pair of scissors

- Practical assessment - Observation

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - Video and Digital Learning
Making Tacking Stitches - Making an Item: Preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use digital devices to watch video clips on making tacking stitches
- Describe the tacking stitch-making process from the video
- Show interest in applying skills observed from digital resources

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices to watch a video clip on how to make tacking stitches
- Share findings from the video with the class: discuss the tools used, steps followed and type of stitch made
- With the help of a parent or guardian, make long and short tacking stitches on a piece of cloth at home as a take home activity and present work in class

How can we use tacking stitches in making items?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 94
- Digital devices
- Video clips on tacking stitches
- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 95
- Cloth, scissors
- Ruler, tailor's chalk or pencil
- Matchbox for pressing

- Oral questions - Observation

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - Making an Item: Stitching

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a second fold and pin the fabric correctly
- Make tacking stitches along folded edges of a simple item
- Show neatness and precision when making tacking stitches on an item

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Measure and mark 1 cm downward from the fold line and draw a connecting line; fold the fabric towards the new line to create a second fold and press; pin the fold to hold it in place
- Repeat the folding procedure on the remaining edges of the fabric
- Thread the needle, put on the thimble and make tacking stitches along all the folded edges starting and ending with double stitches; cut the thread and remove the pins

How can we use tacking stitches in making items?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 96
- Needle, thread, thimble
- Folded fabric piece
- Pins, scissors

- Practical assessment - Observation

Production Techniques

Making Tacking Stitches - Safety Measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State safety precautions to observe when making tacking stitches
- Explain the reason for each safety measure
- Show responsibility in observing safety when using sewing tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Listen to or read a radio programme scenario on safety precautions during sewing
- Discuss the five safety measures: always wear a thimble when using a needle; put needles in a pincushion when not in use; work in a well-lit room; keep a safe working space; report any accidents that happen when using needlework tools
- Invite a tailor to demonstrate safety measures observed when sewing; observe keenly and write down what is learnt

How can we use tacking stitches in making items?

- MTP Agriculture Gr 4 pg. 97
- Sewing tools
- Pincushion
- Resource person (tailor)

- Oral questions - Written assignment