ETIQUETTE: SOCIAL

Listening and Speaking
Reading

Extensive Listening - Listening for Enjoyment and General Understanding
Reading Fluency - Previewing and Predicting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Listen to varied audio-visual texts for enjoyment and general information
- Identify titles, characters, places and memorable events in audio-visual recordings
- Connect listening skills to everyday conversations like following news or understanding announcements

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to audio-visual recordings of poems, stories or dialogues in groups
- Identify titles, characters, places and memorable events in the audio-visual recordings
- Practise describing the characters, places and memorable events using sensory adjectives

Why are some recorded stories, poems and dialogues so enjoyable and memorable?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 1
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Moran Skills in English pg. 11
- Varied texts
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Peer assessment - Checklists

Writing

Sentence Fluency - Use of the Comma

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify sentences in which the comma has been used appropriately in varied texts
- Use the comma correctly in lists, compound sentences and introductory phrases
- Write clear messages, emails or notes using proper comma placement

The learner is guided to:
- Work together to identify well-punctuated sentences from a sample text
- Join sentences using relevant coordinating conjunctions
- Collaboratively write sentences on cards

Why should we write complete sentences?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 31
- Sample texts
- Sentence cards

- Written exercises - Peer review - Checklists

Grammar in Use
Listening and Speaking

Word Classes - Common and Proper Nouns
Extensive Listening - Analysing Audio-Visual Texts for Key Information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify nouns as proper and common nouns
- Use proper and common nouns in sentences
- Identify nouns in everyday texts like labels, signs and advertisements

The learner is guided to:
- Identify common and proper nouns from a text
- Practise replacing a common noun with a proper noun
- Form sentences using common and proper nouns

How do we use naming words in communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 20
- Charts
- Texts
- Moran Skills in English pg. 4
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Crossword puzzles

Reading
Writing

Reading Fluency - Scanning and Skimming
Sentence Fluency - Avoiding Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Scan a text to obtain specific details such as names, dates and places
- Read varied texts at the right speed, accurately and with expression
- Quickly locate information in timetables, menus or directories

The learner is guided to:
- Scan through texts for keywords, names and specific details
- Watch a video of someone reading and evaluate accuracy, speed and expressiveness
- Work with peers to read a story or recite a poem accurately

Why is it necessary to read a text fluently?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 14
- Varied texts
- Video recordings
- Moran Skills in English pg. 33
- Sentence cards
- Sample texts

- Reading fluency test - Peer assessment - Observation

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Count and Non-count Nouns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between count and non-count nouns
- Form plurals of count nouns correctly
- Use correct noun forms when shopping or describing quantities

The learner is guided to:
- Identify concrete and abstract nouns from a text
- Form plurals of count nouns following spelling rules
- Use count and non-count nouns in sentences

Why is it important to determine how a word is used in a sentence?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 22
- Pictures
- Charts

- Written exercises - Gap-filling activities - Oral questions

Listening and Speaking

Speaking Etiquette - Sounds /ɒ/ and /ɔː/ and Polite Expressions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish and articulate the sounds /ɒ/ and /ɔː/ for speaking fluency
- Use appropriate polite words and phrases in hotel, telephone and table etiquette
- Apply polite language when making requests or reservations in real situations

The learner is guided to:
- Practise saying the sounds /ɒ/ and /ɔː/ using minimal pairs
- Role-play telephone conversations and table manners
- Watch videos depicting etiquette in various situations

Why should you use appropriate words and phrases in hotel, dining and telephone situations?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 6
- Audio recordings
- Video clips

- Oral presentation - Role play assessment - Observation

Reading

Reading Fluency - Collocations and Binomial Phrases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use common word patterns including collocations and binomial phrases
- Identify signal words and connectors in texts
- Recognize common expressions used in formal and informal writing

The learner is guided to:
- Pick out collocations from texts following patterns: adverb + adjective, adjective + noun
- Complete substitution tables and gap-filling exercises
- Form sentences featuring common word patterns

How do collocations enhance our reading comprehension?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 16
- Texts with collocations
- Substitution tables

- Gap-filling exercises - Sentence construction - Written assessment

Writing

Sentence Fluency - Punctuation Practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Rewrite texts and punctuate them correctly using the comma
- Value the importance of well-written sentences in communication
- Produce clear written work for school assignments and personal correspondence

The learner is guided to:
- Rewrite a text and punctuate it correctly using the comma
- Review each other's compositions focusing on punctuation
- Create well-punctuated paragraphs on social etiquette

How does correct punctuation improve our writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 34
- Sample texts
- Worksheets

- Written exercises - Peer review - Portfolio assessment

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Pronouns and Phrasal Quantifiers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use personal, possessive, reflexive and interrogative pronouns in sentences
- Use phrasal quantifiers with count and non-count nouns
- Apply correct pronoun usage in formal letters and conversations

The learner is guided to:
- Brainstorm categories of pronouns: personal, reflexive, emphatic, interrogative
- Form sentences using phrasal quantifiers
- Role-play dialogues using pronouns correctly

How do pronouns help us avoid repetition in communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 24
- Charts
- Crossword puzzles

- Written exercises - Role play - Crossword completion

ENVIRONMENT: CLIMATE CHANGE

Listening and Speaking

Critical Listening - Context, Audience and Intention

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Determine the speaker, context, audience and intention in an oral text
- Describe various forms of distractions to effective listening
- Identify speaker's purpose when listening to news reports or public announcements

The learner is guided to:
- Collaboratively search for information on how to identify speaker, audience, context and intention
- Listen to a variety of audio texts and identify the speaker, context and intention
- Brainstorm on different forms of distractions and how to avoid them

Why is it important to listen to key points in a text?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 37
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Listening comprehension - Observation

Reading
Writing

Extensive Reading - Selecting and Previewing Texts
Mechanics of Writing - Spelling Rules

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate and relevant texts in preparation for reading
- Preview varied texts such as newspapers, magazines and novels
- Choose suitable reading materials from libraries or online sources for personal learning

The learner is guided to:
- Preview varied texts such as online or offline newspapers, magazines and periodicals
- Select suitable texts from a collection with information on the environment
- Read the texts and relate events to real-life situations

What do we consider when selecting a reading text?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 48
- Newspapers
- Magazines
- Online texts
- Moran Skills in English pg. 65
- Dictionaries
- Charts
- Digital devices

- Text selection assessment - Reading logs - Peer discussion

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Main and Auxiliary Verbs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify main verbs and auxiliary verbs in sentences
- Use primary auxiliary verbs (be, have, do) correctly
- Construct grammatically correct sentences when writing reports or filling forms

The learner is guided to:
- Fill blank spaces in sentences with appropriate auxiliary verbs
- Make charts showing primary and modal auxiliaries
- Construct sentences using auxiliary verbs in various tenses

How do auxiliary verbs support main verbs in sentences?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 53
- Charts
- Substitution tables

- Written exercises - Gap-filling - Oral questions

Listening and Speaking
Reading

Critical Listening - Selecting Key Points and Avoiding Distractions
Extensive Reading - Reading for Enjoyment and Understanding

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select key points from an audio text for information
- Use appropriate strategies to minimise distractions
- Focus on essential information during classroom lessons or meetings

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to a variety of texts on climate change while avoiding distractions
- Pick out the key points from an audio text and make notes
- Use strategies to minimise internal and external distractions

How can we ensure we gain the most out of a listening text?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 39
- Audio texts
- Note-taking materials
- Moran Skills in English pg. 50
- Varied texts
- Reading logs
- Chart paper

- Note-taking assessment - Listening comprehension - Peer assessment

Writing
Grammar in Use

Mechanics of Writing - Abbreviations and Acronyms
Word Classes - Tense and Aspect

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use acronyms and abbreviations correctly in sentences
- Punctuate abbreviations appropriately
- Interpret abbreviations commonly used in forms, official documents and digital communication

The learner is guided to:
- Search online or offline for examples of abbreviations and acronyms
- Punctuate abbreviations correctly
- Use abbreviations and acronyms in sentences

What is the role of abbreviations and acronyms in written texts?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 68
- Sample texts
- Charts
- Moran Skills in English pg. 56
- Substitution tables
- Pictures

- Written exercises - Identification tasks - Sentence construction

Listening and Speaking

Conversational Skills - Sounds /ə/, /ɑː/, /ɜː/ and Discourse Markers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Articulate the sounds /ə/, /ɑː/ and /ɜː/ for oral fluency
- Use discourse markers for starting, ending and changing topics
- Manage conversations smoothly in social and academic settings

The learner is guided to:
- Recite poems or form minimal pairs with the sounds /ə/, /ɑː/ and /ɜː/
- Select and group discourse markers from various sources
- Role-play conversations using transitional words

How do idea connectors affect the flow of conversations?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 42
- Poems
- Video clips
- Conversation cards

- Oral presentation - Role play - Pronunciation assessment

Reading

Extensive Reading - Building Vocabulary

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recognise the role of extensive reading in building vocabulary
- Record new vocabulary in reading logs
- Expand personal vocabulary through regular reading of diverse materials

The learner is guided to:
- Read a variety of texts about climate change and make notes
- Record vocabulary, definitions and sentences in reading logs
- Share new words from reading logs with classmates

How does extensive reading help us expand our vocabulary?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 52
- Varied texts
- Reading logs
- Dictionaries

- Vocabulary logs - Word usage assessment - Peer sharing

Writing

Mechanics of Writing - Words with Affixes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Spell words with missing or misplaced vowels and consonants correctly
- Apply spelling rules when adding prefixes and suffixes
- Form new words using affixes for creative and academic writing

The learner is guided to:
- Add suffixes -ed and -ing to words following spelling rules
- Complete sentences using words with correct affixes
- Design charts and posters featuring words with affixes

How do affixes change the meaning of root words?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 70
- Worksheets
- Charts

- Written exercises - Word formation tasks - Spelling tests

Writing

Mechanics of Writing - Words with Affixes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Spell words with missing or misplaced vowels and consonants correctly
- Apply spelling rules when adding prefixes and suffixes
- Form new words using affixes for creative and academic writing

The learner is guided to:
- Add suffixes -ed and -ing to words following spelling rules
- Complete sentences using words with correct affixes
- Design charts and posters featuring words with affixes

How do affixes change the meaning of root words?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 70
- Worksheets
- Charts

- Written exercises - Word formation tasks - Spelling tests

Grammar in Use
Listening and Speaking

Word Classes - Regular and Irregular Verbs
Intensive Listening - Keywords, Facts and Fixed Phrases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Form past tense and past participle of regular and irregular verbs
- Use phrasal verbs with one particle in sentences
- Express past events accurately in storytelling and report writing

The learner is guided to:
- Create charts showing verbs with similar or different forms
- Construct sentences using regular and irregular verbs
- Fill crossword puzzles featuring regular and irregular verbs

Why do some verbs change form while others remain the same?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 59
- Charts
- Crossword puzzles
- Moran Skills in English pg. 73
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices

- Written exercises - Crossword completion - Sentence construction

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SOCIETY: HEALTHCARE

Reading

Reference Materials - Dictionary and Thesaurus

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use a dictionary to look up meaning, pronunciation and spelling of words
- Use a thesaurus to locate synonyms and antonyms
- Find word meanings independently when reading unfamiliar texts

The learner is guided to:
- Check synonyms and antonyms of words from a thesaurus
- Use the dictionary to establish pronunciation, meaning and spelling of words
- Create lists of words with their synonyms and antonyms

Why are reference materials useful?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 86
- Dictionaries
- Thesauruses
- Digital devices

- Word search tasks - Vocabulary exercises - Pronunciation practice

Writing
Grammar in Use

Paragraphing Skills - Cohesion and Linking Words
Word Classes - Simple Prepositions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use addition, contrast, ordering and summarising linking words for writing fluency
- Identify connectors in sample texts
- Write coherent paragraphs in essays, reports and formal letters

The learner is guided to:
- Identify linking words for addition, similarity and contrast from a text
- Use pictorials to sequentially order events in a text
- Join ideas in a paragraph using linking words

Why should we organise ideas logically in writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 99
- Sample texts
- Charts
- Moran Skills in English pg. 92
- Pictures

- Written exercises - Paragraph analysis - Peer review

Listening and Speaking

Intensive Listening - Inferring Meaning from Context

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Infer meanings of words using syntactic and contextual clues
- Interpret figurative expressions in oral texts
- Understand implied meanings in conversations and speeches

The learner is guided to:
- Infer meanings of words and phrases using context clues
- Identify and interpret similes, metaphors and personification
- Use figurative words and phrases to discuss AI in healthcare

How do we understand unfamiliar words in a listening text?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 75
- Audio texts
- Poems

- Comprehension questions - Vocabulary inference tasks - Discussion

Reading
Writing

Reference Materials - Atlases, Manuals and Encyclopaedias
Paragraphing Skills - Paragraph Structure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Research information from atlases, manuals and encyclopaedias
- Interpret maps and follow instructions in manuals
- Use reference materials to complete research projects and assignments

The learner is guided to:
- Extract information from newspapers and encyclopaedias
- Interpret maps and manuals
- Read texts related to AI and make notes from reference materials

How do different reference materials serve different purposes?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 89
- Atlases
- Manuals
- Encyclopaedias
- Moran Skills in English pg. 102
- Sample paragraphs
- Sentence cards

- Research tasks - Information extraction - Presentation

Grammar in Use
Listening and Speaking

Word Classes - Descriptive and Proper Adjectives
Speaking Fluency - Sounds, Homographs and Non-verbal Cues

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use proper and descriptive adjectives to describe people, places and things
- Distinguish between regular and irregular adjectives
- Create vivid descriptions in creative writing and presentations

The learner is guided to:
- Identify regular and irregular adjectives from texts
- Design posters showing descriptive and proper adjectives
- Describe people, places and events using descriptive adjectives

How do adjectives make our descriptions more vivid?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 94
- Pictures
- Posters
- Charts
- Moran Skills in English pg. 78
- Video clips
- Recording devices

- Description tasks - Written exercises - Crossword puzzles

Reading

Reference Materials - Comprehensive Research

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use multiple reference materials to gather comprehensive information
- Cross-reference information from different sources
- Conduct independent research for school projects using various resources

The learner is guided to:
- Use dictionary, thesaurus, atlas and encyclopaedia for research tasks
- Create crossword puzzles using antonyms and synonyms
- Present research findings to class

How do we combine information from different reference materials?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 90
- Various reference materials
- Digital devices

- Research projects - Crossword creation - Oral presentation

Writing

Paragraphing Skills - The Writing Process

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Follow the writing process to write and refine paragraphs
- Organise ideas and convey them in a structured way
- Produce polished written work by revising and editing drafts

The learner is guided to:
- Refine sentences using steps of the writing process: brainstorming, drafting, revising, editing, publishing
- Team up to write coherent paragraphs
- Share paragraphs with peers for feedback

How can the writing process help us improve our writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 104
- Writing materials
- Peer review forms

- Process writing assessment - Draft comparison - Final product evaluation

Writing

Paragraphing Skills - The Writing Process

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Follow the writing process to write and refine paragraphs
- Organise ideas and convey them in a structured way
- Produce polished written work by revising and editing drafts

The learner is guided to:
- Refine sentences using steps of the writing process: brainstorming, drafting, revising, editing, publishing
- Team up to write coherent paragraphs
- Share paragraphs with peers for feedback

How can the writing process help us improve our writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 104
- Writing materials
- Peer review forms

- Process writing assessment - Draft comparison - Final product evaluation

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Order of Adjectives and Comparative Forms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Order adjectives correctly following OSSACOMP pattern
- Form comparatives of adjectives with two or three syllables
- Make accurate comparisons when describing products, services or experiences

The learner is guided to:
- Practise ordering adjectives correctly in sentences
- Form comparatives using more/less for multi-syllable adjectives
- Write paragraphs on AI using correctly ordered adjectives and prepositions

Why is the order of adjectives important in descriptions?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 96
- Charts
- Worksheets

- Sentence ordering - Comparative exercises - Written assessment

TRAVEL: ADVENTURE

Listening and Speaking
Reading

Selective Listening - Filtering Information
Study Skills - Library Skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Filter required information from an oral text about travel
- Identify keywords and phrases that signal important instructions
- Connect selective listening skills to real-life situations like following travel announcements at airports or bus stations

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to an audio recording about scaling Kilimambogo
- Identify keywords that indicate important instructions (e.g., "It is important that you...", "Do not forget...")
- Note down specific details about preparations for the hike
- Categorise information into important and not important

Why is it important to pick out specific details during an oral presentation?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 110
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Teacher's Guide
- Moran Skills in English pg. 123
- Library catalogues
- Sample books with call numbers
- Library resources

- Oral questions - Listening comprehension tests - Note-taking assessment - Peer evaluation

Writing

Mechanics of Writing - Punctuation (Hyphen and Quotation Marks)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the hyphen and quotation marks in texts
- Use the hyphen with prefixes and compound words
- Apply punctuation skills when writing travel journals or trip reports

The learner is guided to:
- Study sentences with hyphens and quotation marks
- Identify rules for using hyphens with prefixes (ex-ranger, anti-poaching)
- Practice using single and double quotation marks in sentences
- Write sentences about travel using correct punctuation

Why is it important to punctuate a sentence correctly?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 139
- Sample texts with punctuation
- Charts showing punctuation rules
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Written exercises - Punctuation correction tasks - Peer assessment - Observation

Grammar in Use
Listening and Speaking

Determiners - Articles, Demonstratives and Possessives
Selective Listening - Instructions and Directions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify articles, demonstratives and possessives in sentences
- Use determiners correctly in sentences about travel
- Recognise how proper determiner use helps give clear directions when navigating new places

The learner is guided to:
- Read sentences and identify articles (a, an, the), demonstratives (this, that, these, those) and possessives (her, his, my, your, their)
- Discuss the function of determiners in sentences
- Form sentences using determiners to describe travel adventures
- Create a chart showing different types of determiners

How do we use naming words in communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 130
- Charts
- Sentence cards
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide
- Moran Skills in English pg. 112
- Audio recordings
- Maps

- Written questions - Gap-filling exercises - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Reading

Study Skills - Library Etiquette and Research

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate appropriate library etiquette
- Conduct research using library resources
- Practise library etiquette skills that create positive learning environments in schools and public libraries

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss library rules and etiquette
- Set up a mock library and practise appropriate behaviour
- Research a travel-related topic using library resources
- Present research findings to peers

How can library skills help us learn about new topics?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 127
- Library resources
- Posters on library etiquette
- Digital devices
- Research materials

- Research presentation - Observation schedule - Written reports - Peer assessment

Writing
Grammar in Use

Mechanics of Writing - The Dash and Single Slash
Noun and Verb Phrases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use the dash to indicate range, extra information and emphasis
- Use the single slash to replace 'per', indicate fractions and separate alternatives
- Apply these punctuation marks when writing travel itineraries or distance measurements

The learner is guided to:
- Study sentences with dashes and slashes
- Identify rules for using the dash and single slash
- Insert dashes and slashes in sentences correctly
- Write a travel story using the target punctuation marks

How does punctuation affect the quality of our writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 140
- Sample texts
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide
- Moran Skills in English pg. 133
- Sentence strips

- Written exercises - Punctuation identification - Creative writing assessment - Peer review

Listening and Speaking

Conversational Skills - Speaking Fluency (Sounds /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Articulate the different realisations of the letter 's' (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/)
- Use homophones appropriately in oral contexts
- Pronounce words clearly when giving travel directions or communicating with tourists

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to words with different sounds of letter 's'
- Practise pronouncing minimal pairs
- Identify and use homophones in sentences
- Create tongue twisters using the target sounds

How can we overcome pronunciation challenges?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 114
- Audio recordings
- Word cards
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Pronunciation assessment - Oral presentation - Peer evaluation - Recording and playback

Reading

Study Skills - Visual Information Interpretation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Interpret visuals such as maps, diagrams and photographs in texts
- Relate visual information to written content
- Use visual interpretation skills when reading travel brochures, maps or tourist guides

The learner is guided to:
- Study visuals in travel-related texts
- Identify the purpose of each visual
- Relate visuals to the text they support
- Create visual representations summarising key ideas from texts

Why are visuals important in communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 128
- Maps
- Photographs
- Travel brochures
- Digital devices

- Visual interpretation tasks - Written questions - Creative projects - Peer assessment

Writing

Mechanics of Writing - Capitalisation Rules

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply the rules of capitalisation in sentences
- Write texts using correct capitalisation
- Use capitalisation correctly when writing about places, landmarks and geographical features visited during travels

The learner is guided to:
- Search online and offline for rules on capitalisation
- Identify capitalisation patterns in sentences
- Generate sentences requiring capital letters
- Write creative stories about travel applying capitalisation rules

How does correct capitalisation improve our writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 142
- Sample texts
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Written exercises - Error correction tasks - Creative writing assessment - Peer review

Grammar in Use

Using Possessives and Articles as Determiners

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use possessives and articles as determiners with water bodies, physical features and unique entities
- Form sentences using determiners correctly
- Apply determiner knowledge when writing about famous travel destinations and geographical features

The learner is guided to:
- Read texts and identify possessives and articles used as determiners
- Role-play situations using articles with water bodies and physical features
- Write sentences about travel experiences using possessives and articles
- Share and review sentences with peers

Why is it important to use determiners correctly?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 137
- Texts about travel
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Written questions - Sentence construction - Role-play assessment - Peer evaluation

CAREERS: PUBLIC SECTOR

Listening and Speaking

Interactive Listening - Negotiating Meaning and Turn Taking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Negotiate meaning during conversations about careers
- Take turns appropriately in discussions
- Apply turn-taking skills during job interviews or workplace meetings

The learner is guided to:
- Watch interviews and identify instances of turn-taking
- Role-play conversations about careers using turn-taking skills
- Practise negotiating meaning through clarifying questions
- Engage in mock interviews demonstrating interactive listening

Why is it important to understand a speaker's intended message?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 146
- Video recordings of interviews
- Audio clips
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Role-play assessment - Oral questions - Observation schedule - Peer evaluation

Reading
Writing

Intensive Reading - Comprehension Strategies
Functional Writing - Personal Journals and Diaries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make predictions about events, people and places in a text
- Use comprehension strategies (predicting, questioning, visualising)
- Apply prediction skills when reading job advertisements or career guides

The learner is guided to:
- Preview text titles, images and headings
- Make predictions about text content
- Read the text "A career outing" and verify predictions
- Complete a KWL chart about careers in public service

What strategies can one use to enhance their understanding of a text?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 158
- Career-related texts
- KWL charts
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide
- Moran Skills in English pg. 180
- Sample journals and diaries
- Writing templates

- Comprehension questions - Prediction verification - Written summaries - Peer assessment

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Adverbs (Place, Time and Manner)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify adverbs of place, time and manner in sentences
- Use adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs
- Describe workplace activities clearly using appropriate adverbs

The learner is guided to:
- Read sentences and identify different types of adverbs
- Categorise adverbs as place, time or manner
- Create sentences about careers using adverbs
- Complete crossword puzzles featuring adverbs

Why is knowledge about adverbs important?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 166
- Sentence cards
- Crossword puzzles
- Charts
- Teacher's Guide

- Written questions - Crossword completion - Sentence construction - Peer assessment

Listening and Speaking
Reading

Interactive Listening - Clarifying Meaning and Showing Empathy
Intensive Reading - Inferring Meaning from Context

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use clarification strategies to understand speakers
- Demonstrate empathy during conversations
- Show empathy and seek clarification when colleagues share workplace challenges

The learner is guided to:
- Watch videos showing empathy in conversations
- Practise asking clarifying questions
- Role-play conversations demonstrating empathy
- Create dialogues using phrases that show understanding

How can we seek clarification on what someone is telling us?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 149
- Video clips
- Dialogue scripts
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide
- Moran Skills in English pg. 163
- Career texts
- Dictionaries
- Charts

- Role-play assessment - Oral presentation - Observation - Peer evaluation

Writing

Functional Writing - Memos

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the format and features of a memo
- Write memos adhering to the correct format
- Compose workplace memos to communicate effectively with colleagues

The learner is guided to:
- Study samples of memos and discuss their format
- Identify parts of a memo (reference, sender, recipient, date, subject, body)
- Compose memos for different purposes
- Share memos with peers for feedback

Why is it important to know the purpose for which one is writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 182
- Sample memos
- Writing templates
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Memo writing assessment - Format evaluation - Peer review - Checklists

Grammar in Use
Listening and Speaking

Word Classes - Gradable Adverbs (Comparatives and Superlatives)
Conversational Skills - Turn-taking, Interrupting and Disagreeing Politely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Form comparatives and superlatives of gradable adverbs
- Use gradable adverbs in varied contexts
- Compare workplace performance or efficiency using gradable adverbs

The learner is guided to:
- Study how gradable adverbs form comparatives and superlatives
- Form comparatives using more/less and superlatives using most/least
- Complete sentences using comparative and superlative adverbs
- Write paragraphs about careers using gradable adverbs

How do gradable adverbs help us communicate effectively?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 169
- Charts showing adverb forms
- Sentence cards
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide
- Moran Skills in English pg. 151
- Video clips of meetings
- Meeting platforms

- Written exercises - Gap-filling tasks - Sentence construction - Peer assessment

Reading

Intensive Reading - Summarising and Making Connections

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarise information from texts about careers
- Make connections between text content and real-life experiences
- Relate career stories to personal aspirations and community role models

The learner is guided to:
- Read career texts and identify main ideas
- Write summaries of the main points
- Relate events and characters to personal experiences
- Role-play sections of the text

How does reading comprehension support lifelong learning?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 165
- Career texts
- Summary templates
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Summary writing - Comprehension questions - Role-play assessment - Peer evaluation

Writing

Functional Writing - Formal and Informal Registers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between formal and informal registers
- Write texts using appropriate register for the audience
- Adjust communication style when writing to supervisors versus colleagues

The learner is guided to:
- Compare formal and informal texts
- Identify features of formal and informal registers
- Write two versions of a message using different registers
- Create a guide for using formal and informal registers

How does register affect written communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 177
- Sample formal and informal texts
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Written exercises - Register identification - Comparative writing - Peer assessment

Writing

Functional Writing - Formal and Informal Registers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between formal and informal registers
- Write texts using appropriate register for the audience
- Adjust communication style when writing to supervisors versus colleagues

The learner is guided to:
- Compare formal and informal texts
- Identify features of formal and informal registers
- Write two versions of a message using different registers
- Create a guide for using formal and informal registers

How does register affect written communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 177
- Sample formal and informal texts
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Written exercises - Register identification - Comparative writing - Peer assessment

Grammar in Use

Phrases - Adverb, Adjective and Prepositional Phrases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify adverb, adjective and prepositional phrases in texts
- Form phrases following correct structures
- Use phrases to write detailed job descriptions or workplace reports

The learner is guided to:
- Read texts and identify different types of phrases
- Analyse the structure of adverb phrases (adverb, intensifier + adverb)
- Analyse adjective phrases (adjective, intensifier + adjective, compound adjectives)
- Form prepositional phrases (preposition + noun phrase)

How do phrases enhance our communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 171
- Texts about careers
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Phrase identification - Written exercises - Sentence construction - Peer assessment