Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Financial institutions available in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify financial institutions available in Kenya
- Classify financial institutions in Kenya
- Appreciate the role of financial institutions in the economy

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss and identify financial institutions in the locality and Kenya
- Use digital devices or print media to search for types of financial institutions
- Classify financial institutions in a table (banks, insurance companies, SACCOs, microfinance)
- Present completed classification table

Which financial institutions are available in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 128
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Newspapers and business magazines
- Exercise books and pens

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Services offered by financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze services offered by financial institutions in Kenya
- Explain services offered by banks, insurance companies, SACCOs and microfinance institutions
- Appreciate the importance of financial services

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use digital devices or print media to search for services offered by financial institutions
- Discuss services: deposit products, lending, payments, insurance, savings, credit facilities
- Make notes and present findings
- Visit a financial institution near school with teacher guidance

What services are offered by different financial institutions in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 130
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Banking and insurance brochures
- Charts and reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Written reports

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Case study on financial services
Entrepreneurship - Utilizing financial services for entrepreneurial development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze services offered by financial institutions using case studies
- Relate financial services to entrepreneurial success
- Show understanding of practical application of financial services

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Read case study about business journey and financial institution support
- Identify financial institutions and services that helped business succeed
- Discuss importance of services to business
- Share answers with classmates

How do financial services support entrepreneurial development?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 132
- Case study materials
- Exercise books and pens
- Charts and reference materials
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 133
- Access to local financial institutions
- Business planning templates
- Report writing guidelines
- Digital devices

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussion participation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Reasons for government involvement in business in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the reasons for government involvement in business in Kenya
- Describe how government promotes economic development and infrastructure
- Appreciate the government's role in business

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss government involvement in infrastructure, defense, subsidies and regulation
- Study role of Competition Authority of Kenya (CAK)
- Examine government involvement in mining, energy and vital documents processing
- Make short notes and present to class

Why is it important for the government to get involved in business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 136
- Business Studies textbooks
- Symbol for Competition Authority of Kenya
- Charts and digital resources
- Pictures of infrastructure projects

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Discussion participation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Ways in which government is involved in business activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ways in which the government is involved in business
- Explain legislation, regulation and government investment in business
- Value government support for business development

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use textbooks or digital devices to search for ways government is involved in business
- Discuss legislation, regulation, government investment, subsidies and training
- Examine promotion of industrialization, SMEs and Special Economic Zones
- Make notes and present findings

In which ways is the government involved in business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 138
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- E.P.Z symbol
- Charts and print media

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning and importance of paying taxes
- Identify types of taxes in Kenya
- Appreciate the contribution of taxes to national development

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Find meaning of 'tax' from dictionary and discuss importance
- Study types of taxes: income tax, VAT, corporate tax, fuel levy, excise duty
- Identify projects in locality that succeeded because of taxes
- Discuss and present on types of taxes

Why does the government levy different types of taxes?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 140
- English dictionary
- Business Studies textbooks
- Charts showing types of taxes
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Presentations

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - E-Government services in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze e-Government services in business
- Navigate e-Government platforms for business services
- Appreciate the convenience and importance of e-Government services

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Read case study about e-Government experience
- Learn to navigate e-Citizen platform with teacher guidance
- Study e-Government services: registration, licensing, tax, procurement, intellectual property
- Visit Huduma Centre if possible

What e-Government services are available to businesses in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 142
- Digital devices with internet
- Access to e-Citizen platform
- Case study materials
- Huduma Centre information

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical work - Rubrics

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Importance of complying with government regulations in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of complying with government regulations in business
- Describe consequences of non-compliance
- Acknowledge the need to comply with government regulations in business

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Discuss consequences of selling sub-standard or expired goods
- Study that compliance prevents penalties and builds trust
- Examine how compliance provides fair competition and opens opportunities
- Discuss how compliance protects consumers and employees

Why is it important to comply with government regulations in business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 145
- Business Studies textbooks
- Case studies on compliance
- Charts and digital resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Case study analysis - Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Government and Business)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review key concepts on government and business
- Apply knowledge of government involvement and taxes
- Demonstrate understanding of e-Government services and compliance

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Review reasons for government involvement and ways government is involved
- Discuss types of taxes and their importance
- Review e-Government services and compliance importance
- Complete assessment exercises

How does government involvement benefit businesses and the economy?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 146
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation - Self-reflection

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Meaning and importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Describe how business plan helps in entrepreneurship
- Appreciate the value of planning in business

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Find meaning of 'business plan' from dictionary and discuss
- Use digital devices or textbooks to search for importance of business plan
- Discuss how business plan outlines vision, helps avoid mistakes, allocates resources
- Study how business plan is requirement for financing and acts as benchmark

What is a business plan and why is it important in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 148
- English dictionary
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Meaning and importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Describe how business plan helps in entrepreneurship
- Appreciate the value of planning in business

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Find meaning of 'business plan' from dictionary and discuss
- Use digital devices or textbooks to search for importance of business plan
- Discuss how business plan outlines vision, helps avoid mistakes, allocates resources
- Study how business plan is requirement for financing and acts as benchmark

What is a business plan and why is it important in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 148
- English dictionary
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Components of a business plan in financial management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the components of a business plan in financial management
- Explain the purpose of each component
- Show understanding of the order of preparing components

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Use digital devices or print media to search for components of business plan
- Describe each component: business description, product/service, market analysis, marketing plan
- Study management team, cost plan, financial projection and executive summary
- Write short notes and present to class

What are the components of a business plan?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 150
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Analyzing a business plan example

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze a complete business plan example
- Identify all components in the example
- Show understanding of how components relate to each other

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study example business plan provided in textbook
- Analyze all components: executive summary, business description, product, market analysis
- Examine marketing plan, management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Discuss how components connect

How are all components of a business plan connected?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Example business plan
- Exercise books and pens
- Charts and analysis guides

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Analyzing a business plan example

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze a complete business plan example
- Identify all components in the example
- Show understanding of how components relate to each other

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study example business plan provided in textbook
- Analyze all components: executive summary, business description, product, market analysis
- Examine marketing plan, management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Discuss how components connect

How are all components of a business plan connected?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Example business plan
- Exercise books and pens
- Charts and analysis guides

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Analyzing a business plan example

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze a complete business plan example
- Identify all components in the example
- Show understanding of how components relate to each other

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Study example business plan provided in textbook
- Analyze all components: executive summary, business description, product, market analysis
- Examine marketing plan, management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Discuss how components connect

How are all components of a business plan connected?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Example business plan
- Exercise books and pens
- Charts and analysis guides

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Filling in a business plan template for a given business project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Fill in a business plan template for a given business project
- Develop a complete business plan for own business idea
- Demonstrate ability to apply business planning knowledge

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Think of a business idea and copy business plan template
- Complete all components: business description, product, market analysis, marketing plan
- Fill in management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Review and refine complete business plan

How do we create a business plan for our own business idea?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Business plan template
- Exercise books and pens
- Calculators
- Sample business plans

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics - Portfolio

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Presenting and using a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present complete business plan to class
- Accept and use feedback to improve business plan
- Embrace the use of a business plan in entrepreneurship

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Present complete business plan in class
- Receive comments and use feedback to improve business plan
- Discuss why business without plan is unlikely to succeed
- Advise family members about importance of business plan

Why is a business plan essential for entrepreneurial success?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Completed business plans
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms
- Assessment rubrics

- Presentations - Peer assessment - Self assessment - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Presenting and using a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present complete business plan to class
- Accept and use feedback to improve business plan
- Embrace the use of a business plan in entrepreneurship

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Present complete business plan in class
- Receive comments and use feedback to improve business plan
- Discuss why business without plan is unlikely to succeed
- Advise family members about importance of business plan

Why is a business plan essential for entrepreneurial success?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Completed business plans
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms
- Assessment rubrics

- Presentations - Peer assessment - Self assessment - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Business Plan)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review key concepts on business planning
- Apply knowledge of business plan components
- Demonstrate understanding of business plan development

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Review business plan importance and components
- Discuss key elements of successful business plans
- Complete assessment exercises on business planning
- Reflect on learning and future entrepreneurial ventures

How do we use a business plan in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- QR code for digital exercise
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Digital exercise

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Business Plan)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review key concepts on business planning
- Apply knowledge of business plan components
- Demonstrate understanding of business plan development

In groups, learners are guided to:

- Review business plan importance and components
- Discuss key elements of successful business plans
- Complete assessment exercises on business planning
- Reflect on learning and future entrepreneurial ventures

How do we use a business plan in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- QR code for digital exercise
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Digital exercise

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Meaning of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define visual programming
- Explain visual programming applications
- Show interest in learning visual programming

- Study picture of learner using visual programming application
- Brainstorm on meaning of visual programming
- Discuss visual programming applications
- Share findings with other groups

What is visual programming and how is it used?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 51
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Visual programming software
- Projector

- Observation - Oral questions - Group discussions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Meaning of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define visual programming
- Explain visual programming applications
- Show interest in learning visual programming

- Study picture of learner using visual programming application
- Brainstorm on meaning of visual programming
- Discuss visual programming applications
- Share findings with other groups

What is visual programming and how is it used?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 51
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Visual programming software
- Projector

- Observation - Oral questions - Group discussions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Types of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify educational applications
- Describe multimedia applications
- Recognize video game applications

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search for information on educational applications
- Research multimedia applications
- Explore video game applications
- Brainstorm on examples of visual programming applications

What types of applications can be created using visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 52
- Digital devices
- Internet connection
- Textbooks
- Application examples

- Written tests - Oral presentations - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Examples of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify Microsoft MakeCode
- Recognize Scratch application
- Describe Sprite Box application

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search for information on Microsoft MakeCode
- Research Scratch programming
- Study Sprite Box application
- Identify applications from their icons

What are common visual programming applications?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 53
- Computers/tablets
- Internet access
- Application icons
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical identification

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Features of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify input features
- Recognize processing features
- Describe output and effects features

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Launch Scratch application with teacher guidance
- Identify features under input category
- Explore processing features
- Study output and effects (sound, animations, background)

What are the main features of visual programming applications?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 55
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Projector
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Peer review

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Features of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify input features
- Recognize processing features
- Describe output and effects features

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Launch Scratch application with teacher guidance
- Identify features under input category
- Explore processing features
- Study output and effects (sound, animations, background)

What are the main features of visual programming applications?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 55
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Projector
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Peer review

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Features of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify input features
- Recognize processing features
- Describe output and effects features

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Launch Scratch application with teacher guidance
- Identify features under input category
- Explore processing features
- Study output and effects (sound, animations, background)

What are the main features of visual programming applications?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 55
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Projector
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Peer review

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Input feature in visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use the Ask command from sensing blocks
- Enter information from keyboard
- Create meaningful input questions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Open Scratch application
- Use Ask command from sensing blocks
- Type questions for input
- Practice modifying input questions
- Test different input types (numbers, letters, words)

How do we get information from users in a program?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 56
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Internet access
- Practice worksheets

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Terminologies in visual programming (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define syntax in programming
- Explain variables
- Describe input and output statements

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search for meanings of syntax, variables, input statements, output statements
- Discuss definitions with peers
- Write meanings in notebooks
- Share findings for peer review

What are the basic terms used in visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Internet access
- Glossary worksheets

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Terminologies in visual programming (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define syntax in programming
- Explain variables
- Describe input and output statements

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search for meanings of syntax, variables, input statements, output statements
- Discuss definitions with peers
- Write meanings in notebooks
- Share findings for peer review

What are the basic terms used in visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Internet access
- Glossary worksheets

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Terminologies in visual programming (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain coding and coding blocks
- Define sequence statements
- Describe repeating statements
- Understand selection statements and variable declarations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Research meanings of coding, coding blocks, sequence statements
- Study repeating statements (forever, repeat until, repeat 10)
- Learn about selection statements and variable declarations
- Complete terminology table in notebooks

How do we give instructions to computers using visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 58
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Reference materials
- Practice examples

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Peer review

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Terminologies in visual programming (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain coding and coding blocks
- Define sequence statements
- Describe repeating statements
- Understand selection statements and variable declarations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Research meanings of coding, coding blocks, sequence statements
- Study repeating statements (forever, repeat until, repeat 10)
- Learn about selection statements and variable declarations
- Complete terminology table in notebooks

How do we give instructions to computers using visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 58
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Reference materials
- Practice examples

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Peer review

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating sequential instructions (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Access Scratch online
- Navigate Scratch interface
- Identify Events blocks
- Use When flag clicked block

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Open Scratch using provided link
- Click Start Creating icon
- Close Tutorial Pane
- Explore Scratch interface
- Select Events and drag When flag clicked block

How do we start creating programs in Scratch?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 59
- Computers/tablets
- Internet access
- Scratch online platform
- Projector for demonstration

- Practical work - Observation - Teacher guidance

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating sequential instructions (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Access Scratch online
- Navigate Scratch interface
- Identify Events blocks
- Use When flag clicked block

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Open Scratch using provided link
- Click Start Creating icon
- Close Tutorial Pane
- Explore Scratch interface
- Select Events and drag When flag clicked block

How do we start creating programs in Scratch?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 59
- Computers/tablets
- Internet access
- Scratch online platform
- Projector for demonstration

- Practical work - Observation - Teacher guidance

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating sequential instructions (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use Control blocks (Forever)
- Apply Motion blocks (move steps, bounce)
- Add Sound blocks
- Create simple animation sequence

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Select and drag Forever block from Control
- Add move 10 steps from Motion
- Insert Play sound meow from Sound
- Add If on edge, bounce block
- Set rotation style to left-right
- Test program by clicking green flag

How do we make characters move and make sounds?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 60
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Step-by-step guide
- Sample projects

- Practical work - Program functionality - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Animation project setup

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify backdrop and sprites icons
- Import backdrops
- Add sprites to projects
- Position sprites appropriately

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Open new Scratch project
- Identify backdrop icon and sprites icon
- Import brick wall backdrop (Wall 1)
- Select and add bat sprite
- Position bat sprite above ground

How do we set up the environment for animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 61
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Internet connection
- Visual examples

- Practical work - Observation - Project setup

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating flying bat animation (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use Forever loop for continuous motion
- Apply motion blocks to sprite
- Add costume changes for animation effect

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Click Events and add When flag clicked
- Add Forever block from Control
- Insert move 10 steps inside Forever
- Add next costume from Looks
- Insert wait 1 sec from Control

How do we create continuous movement in animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 62
- Computers with Scratch
- Bat sprite
- Instruction guide
- Sample animations

- Practical work - Animation quality - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating flying bat animation (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use Forever loop for continuous motion
- Apply motion blocks to sprite
- Add costume changes for animation effect

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Click Events and add When flag clicked
- Add Forever block from Control
- Insert move 10 steps inside Forever
- Add next costume from Looks
- Insert wait 1 sec from Control

How do we create continuous movement in animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 62
- Computers with Scratch
- Bat sprite
- Instruction guide
- Sample animations

- Practical work - Animation quality - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating flying bat animation (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use Forever loop for continuous motion
- Apply motion blocks to sprite
- Add costume changes for animation effect

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Click Events and add When flag clicked
- Add Forever block from Control
- Insert move 10 steps inside Forever
- Add next costume from Looks
- Insert wait 1 sec from Control

How do we create continuous movement in animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 62
- Computers with Scratch
- Bat sprite
- Instruction guide
- Sample animations

- Practical work - Animation quality - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating flying bat animation (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Complete flying bat animation
- Test and debug animation
- Modify animation parameters

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Add If on edge, bounce from Motion
- Arrange all blocks in correct sequence
- Click green flag to test animation
- Observe bat flying and flapping wings
- Modify speed and wait time if needed

How do we test and improve our animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 63
- Computers/tablets
- Completed Scratch project
- Testing checklist
- Peer review forms

- Practical work - Program functionality - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating own animation project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan own animation project
- Select appropriate sprites and backdrops
- Apply learned programming blocks
- Create functional animation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Plan animation idea
- Choose sprites and backdrop
- Apply sequence of blocks learned
- Add motion, sound, and effects
- Test and refine animation
- Present project to peers

How can we create our own unique animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 64
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Planning templates
- Project rubric

- Project work - Presentation - Peer and self-assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating own animation project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan own animation project
- Select appropriate sprites and backdrops
- Apply learned programming blocks
- Create functional animation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Plan animation idea
- Choose sprites and backdrop
- Apply sequence of blocks learned
- Add motion, sound, and effects
- Test and refine animation
- Present project to peers

How can we create our own unique animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 64
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Planning templates
- Project rubric

- Project work - Presentation - Peer and self-assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Importance of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain importance of visual programming in daily life
- Identify careers using visual programming
- Value visual programming skills

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss importance of visual programming
- Research careers using visual programming
- Share examples of visual programming applications in community
- Present findings in class
- Reflect on learning experience

Why is visual programming important in today's world?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 64
- Digital devices
- Career resources
- Internet access
- Presentation tools

- Oral presentations - Written reports - Self-reflection

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Importance of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain importance of visual programming in daily life
- Identify careers using visual programming
- Value visual programming skills

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss importance of visual programming
- Research careers using visual programming
- Share examples of visual programming applications in community
- Present findings in class
- Reflect on learning experience

Why is visual programming important in today's world?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 64
- Digital devices
- Career resources
- Internet access
- Presentation tools

- Oral presentations - Written reports - Self-reflection