Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Early Attempts at Classification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe early attempts to classify elements
- Explain Döbereiner's triads and Newlands' octaves
- Appreciate the evolution of element classification

- Brainstorm on the historical development of the periodic table
- Research on Döbereiner's triads
- Discuss Newlands' law of octaves

How did scientists first attempt to organize elements?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Charts showing early classifications
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Mendeleev's Periodic Table
The Periodic Table - Modern Periodic Table

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe Mendeleev's periodic table
- Explain the basis of Mendeleev's classification
- Value Mendeleev's contribution to Chemistry

- Research on Mendeleev's periodic table
- Discuss how Mendeleev arranged elements
- Compare Mendeleev's table with modern periodic table

What was Mendeleev's contribution to the development of the periodic table?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Charts showing Mendeleev's table
- Internet access
- Periodic table chart

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Understanding Groups
The Periodic Table - Understanding Periods
The Periodic Table - Arranging First 20 Elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define groups in the periodic table
- Identify elements in the same group
- Relate group number to valence electrons

- Discuss the meaning of groups in the periodic table
- Identify groups in the periodic table
- Relate group number to number of valence electrons

What are groups and how are elements arranged in groups?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Periodic table chart
- Digital devices
- Coloured periodic table
- Internet access
- Drawing materials

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Alkali Metals (Group I)
The Periodic Table - Alkaline Earth Metals (Group II)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify elements in Group I
- Describe common properties of alkali metals
- Appreciate the similarity in properties within a group

- Identify the chemical families in the periodic table
- Research on properties of alkali metals
- Discuss why alkali metals are stored in oil

What are alkali metals and what are their common properties?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Periodic table chart
- Digital devices
- Videos on alkali metals
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Halogens (Group VII)
The Periodic Table - Noble Gases (Group VIII)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify elements in Group VII
- Describe common properties of halogens
- Show awareness of safety when handling halogens

- Research on properties of halogens
- Discuss the physical states of halogens
- Investigate why halogens are called "salt formers"

What are halogens and what are their characteristic properties?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Periodic table chart
- Digital devices
- Videos on halogens
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Transition Elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the position of transition elements
- Describe general properties of transition elements
- Appreciate the unique properties of transition metals

- Identify transition elements in the periodic table
- Research on properties of transition metals
- Discuss why transition metals form coloured compounds

What are transition elements and where are they located?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Periodic table chart
- Digital devices
- Samples of transition metal compounds

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Stability of Atoms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of atomic stability
- Describe how atoms achieve stability
- Appreciate the role of valence electrons in stability

- Discuss with peers the stability of atoms
- Research on the octet rule
- Explain why atoms lose or gain electrons

How do atoms achieve stability?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Charts showing stable configurations
- Periodic table

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Formation of Cations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term cation
- Explain how cations are formed
- Draw diagrams showing cation formation

- Predict the type of ion formed from electron arrangement
- Draw diagrams showing loss of electrons
- Practise writing electron configuration of cations

What are cations and how are they formed?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Drawing materials
- Periodic table

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Formation of Anions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term anion
- Explain how anions are formed
- Draw diagrams showing anion formation

- Predict anion formation from electron arrangement
- Draw diagrams showing gain of electrons
- Practise writing electron configuration of anions

What are anions and how are they formed?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Drawing materials
- Periodic table

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Electron Arrangement of Ions (s and p notation)
The Periodic Table - Definition of Valency

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write electron arrangement of ions using s and p notation
- Compare electron configuration of atoms and their ions
- Show interest in representing ionic structures

- Write electron arrangement of ions using s and p notation
- Compare electron configuration before and after ion formation
- Present findings on ionic electron configurations

How do we represent the electron configuration of ions?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Periodic table
- Charts showing ionic configurations
- Charts showing valencies

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Oxidation Numbers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define oxidation number
- Distinguish between valency and oxidation number
- Appreciate the use of oxidation numbers in Chemistry

- Discuss the meaning of oxidation number
- Compare valency and oxidation number
- Research on elements with variable oxidation numbers

What is the relationship between valency and oxidation number?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Periodic table
- Digital devices
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Variable Oxidation Numbers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify elements with variable oxidation numbers
- Write different oxidation states of transition metals
- Appreciate the versatility of some elements

- Discuss elements with variable oxidation numbers
- Research on oxidation states of iron and copper
- Practise naming compounds using Roman numerals

Why do some elements have variable oxidation numbers?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Periodic table
- Digital devices
- Charts showing oxidation states

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Common Radicals and Their Valencies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term radical
- Identify common radicals and their valencies
- Show interest in learning about compound ions

- Discuss the meaning of radicals
- Research on common radicals and their charges
- Create a table of common radicals

What are radicals and why are they important in Chemistry?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Charts showing common radicals
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Writing Chemical Formulae (Simple Compounds)
The Periodic Table - Writing Chemical Formulae (Compounds with Radicals)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write formulae of simple binary compounds
- Apply valency in writing formulae
- Appreciate the systematic naming of compounds

- Practise writing formulae of compounds using valencies
- Apply the criss-cross method
- Write formulae of oxides and chlorides

How do we write chemical formulae using valencies?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Periodic table
- Charts showing compound formulae
- Charts showing radicals
- Periodic table

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Naming Compounds from Formulae

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Name compounds from their chemical formulae
- Apply IUPAC naming conventions
- Appreciate systematic nomenclature in Chemistry

- Practise naming compounds from formulae
- Apply IUPAC naming rules
- Match formulae with correct names

How do we name compounds from their chemical formulae?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- IUPAC naming charts
- Periodic table

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Introduction to Chemical Equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of a chemical equation
- Identify reactants and products in equations
- Appreciate the use of equations in representing reactions

- Discuss the meaning of chemical equations
- Identify components of a chemical equation
- Convert word equations to symbol equations

What is a chemical equation and what does it represent?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Charts showing chemical equations
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Balancing Chemical Equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the law of conservation of mass
- Balance simple chemical equations
- Show accuracy in balancing equations

- Discuss the law of conservation of mass
- Practise balancing chemical equations
- Verify balanced equations by counting atoms

Why must chemical equations be balanced?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Worksheets on balancing equations
- Periodic table

- Written exercises - Problem-solving tasks - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Balancing Equations (Practice)
Chemical Bonding - Why Atoms Bond
Chemical Bonding - Types of Chemical Bonds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Balance equations involving various types of reactions
- Write balanced equations from word descriptions
- Develop confidence in writing chemical equations

- Write balanced chemical equations for simple reactions
- Convert word equations to balanced symbol equations
- Present solutions to peers for verification

How do we balance different types of chemical equations?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Worksheets
- Periodic table
- Periodic table
- Charts showing atomic stability
- Videos on chemical bonding
- Internet access

- Written exercises - Peer assessment - Problem-solving tasks

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Formation of Ionic Bonds
Chemical Bonding - Ionic Bonding in Sodium Chloride

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define ionic bonding
- Explain how ionic bonds are formed
- Relate ionic bonding to electron transfer

- Discuss the formation of ionic bonds
- Research on electron transfer between atoms
- Use animations to visualize ionic bond formation

How are ionic bonds formed?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Animations on ionic bonding
- Periodic table
- Drawing materials
- Charts showing NaCl formation

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Ionic Bonding in Magnesium Oxide
Chemical Bonding - Ionic Bonding in Calcium Chloride

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ionic bond formation in magnesium oxide
- Draw dot and cross diagrams for MgO
- Appreciate the role of valence electrons in ionic bonding

- Discuss ionic bond formation in MgO
- Draw dot and cross diagrams showing electron transfer
- Compare ionic bonding in NaCl and MgO

How does ionic bonding occur in magnesium oxide?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Drawing materials
- Periodic table
- Charts showing CaCl₂ formation

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Properties of Ionic Compounds
Chemical Bonding - Electrical Conductivity of Ionic Compounds
Chemical Bonding - Giant Ionic Structures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical properties of ionic compounds
- Explain high melting and boiling points of ionic compounds
- Relate properties to ionic bond strength

- Research on properties of ionic compounds
- Discuss why ionic compounds have high melting points
- Carry out activities to investigate properties of NaCl

What are the characteristic properties of ionic compounds?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Samples of ionic compounds
- Laboratory equipment
- Laboratory equipment
- Sodium chloride
- Conductivity apparatus
- Animations on ionic structures
- Models of ionic crystals

- Oral questions - Practical assessment - Written exercises

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Modelling Ionic Structures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct models of ionic structures
- Use locally available materials to represent ionic crystals
- Show creativity in modelling chemical structures

- Use locally available materials to model NaCl structure
- Construct 3D models showing ion arrangement
- Display and explain models to peers

How can we represent the structure of ionic compounds using models?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Locally available materials
- Modelling clay
- Beads of different colours

- Practical assessment - Project work - Peer assessment

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Formation of Covalent Bonds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define covalent bonding
- Explain how covalent bonds are formed
- Relate covalent bonding to electron sharing

- Discuss the formation of covalent bonds
- Research on electron sharing between atoms
- Compare covalent and ionic bond formation

How are covalent bonds formed?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Animations on covalent bonding
- Periodic table

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Single Covalent Bonds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe single covalent bond formation
- Draw dot and cross diagrams for molecules with single bonds
- Show accuracy in representing covalent molecules

- Discuss single covalent bond formation in H₂, Cl₂, and HCl
- Draw dot and cross diagrams for simple molecules
- Present diagrams to peers for discussion

What is a single covalent bond and how is it represented?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Drawing materials
- Charts showing covalent bonds

- Written exercises - Practical assessment - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Covalent Bonding in Water and Ammonia
Chemical Bonding - Covalent Bonding in Methane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe covalent bonding in water and ammonia
- Draw dot and cross diagrams for H₂O and NH₃
- Appreciate molecular shapes in covalent compounds

- Discuss covalent bond formation in water
- Draw dot and cross diagrams for H₂O and NH₃
- Compare bonding in water and ammonia

How are covalent bonds formed in water and ammonia molecules?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Drawing materials
- Molecular models

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Double Covalent Bonds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe double covalent bond formation
- Draw dot and cross diagrams for molecules with double bonds
- Distinguish between single and double bonds

- Discuss double covalent bond formation in O₂ and CO₂
- Draw dot and cross diagrams for O₂ and CO₂
- Compare single and double covalent bonds

What is a double covalent bond and how does it differ from a single bond?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Drawing materials
- Charts showing double bonds

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Triple Covalent Bonds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe triple covalent bond formation
- Draw dot and cross diagram for nitrogen molecule
- Appreciate the strength of multiple bonds

- Discuss triple covalent bond formation in N₂
- Draw dot and cross diagram for N₂
- Compare single, double, and triple covalent bonds

How is the triple bond in nitrogen formed?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Drawing materials
- Charts showing triple bonds

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Dative (Coordinate) Bonds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define dative or coordinate bonding
- Explain how dative bonds are formed
- Draw diagrams showing dative bond formation

- Discuss the formation of dative bonds
- Research on examples of dative bonding
- Draw diagrams showing dative bond in ammonium ion

What is a dative bond and how is it formed?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Drawing materials
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Physical Properties of Simple Covalent Compounds
Chemical Bonding - Electrical Conductivity of Covalent Compounds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical properties of simple covalent compounds
- Explain low melting and boiling points of covalent compounds
- Relate properties to weak intermolecular forces

- Research on properties of covalent compounds
- Compare properties of ionic and covalent compounds
- Investigate physical states of covalent substances

Why do simple covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Samples of covalent compounds
- Laboratory equipment
- Laboratory equipment
- Covalent compounds (sugar, ethanol)
- Conductivity apparatus

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Practical assessment

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Introduction to Giant Covalent Structures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define giant covalent structures
- Distinguish between simple and giant covalent structures
- Appreciate the unique properties of giant covalent substances

- Discuss with peers the meaning of giant covalent structures
- Research on examples of giant covalent substances
- Compare simple molecular and giant covalent structures

What are giant covalent structures?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Samples of diamond and graphite
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Structure and Properties of Diamond

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the structure of diamond
- Explain the properties of diamond based on its structure
- Relate diamond's hardness to its bonding

- Research on the structure of diamond
- Watch animations on diamond's tetrahedral structure
- Discuss why diamond is extremely hard

Why is diamond the hardest natural substance?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Diamond samples or models
- Animations on diamond structure

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Structure and Properties of Graphite

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the structure of graphite
- Explain the properties of graphite based on its structure
- Compare structures of diamond and graphite

- Research on the layered structure of graphite
- Watch animations on graphite structure
- Discuss why graphite is soft and conducts electricity

Why does graphite conduct electricity while diamond does not?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Graphite samples (pencil lead)
- Animations on graphite structure

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Structure and Properties of Silicon(IV) Oxide

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the structure of silicon(IV) oxide
- Explain properties of SiO₂ based on its structure
- Appreciate the applications of silicon dioxide

- Research on the structure of silicon(IV) oxide
- Discuss the tetrahedral arrangement in SiO₂
- Investigate uses of silicon dioxide

What is the structure of silicon(IV) oxide and what are its properties?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Sand samples
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Bonding - Modelling Giant Covalent Structures
Chemical Bonding - Formation of Metallic Bonds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct models of giant covalent structures
- Use locally available materials to model diamond and graphite
- Show creativity in representing molecular structures

- Use locally available materials to model diamond structure
- Construct models showing graphite layers
- Display and compare models of different structures

How can we represent giant covalent structures using models?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Locally available materials
- Modelling clay
- Toothpicks and balls
- Digital devices
- Animations on metallic bonding
- Metal samples

- Practical assessment - Project work - Peer assessment

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Trends in Atomic Size (Groups I and II)
Periodicity - Trends in Ionic Size (Groups I and II)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the trend in atomic size down Group I and II
- Explain why atomic radius increases down a group
- Show interest in understanding periodic trends

- Discuss in groups the trends in atomic size
- Research on factors affecting atomic radius
- Plot graphs showing atomic radius trends

How does atomic size vary down Groups I and II?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Periodic table
- Graph paper
- Charts showing ionic radii
- Periodic table

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Trends in Ionisation Energy (Groups I and II)
Periodicity - Trends in Melting and Boiling Points (Groups I and II)
Periodicity - Physical Properties of Group I Elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define ionisation energy
- Describe the trend in ionisation energy down Groups I and II
- Relate ionisation energy to atomic radius

- Discuss the meaning of ionisation energy
- Research on trends in ionisation energy
- Plot graphs showing ionisation energy trends

Why does ionisation energy decrease down Groups I and II?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Periodic table
- Graph paper
- Data tables
- Laboratory equipment
- Samples of lithium, sodium, potassium
- Safety equipment

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Physical Properties of Group II Elements
Periodicity - Reaction of Alkali Metals with Oxygen

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical properties of alkaline earth metals
- Carry out experiments to investigate properties of Group II elements
- Compare properties of Groups I and II elements

- Carry out experiments to investigate physical properties of Group II elements
- Observe and record appearance, density, and hardness
- Compare physical properties of Groups I and II

How do physical properties of Group II elements compare to Group I?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Laboratory equipment
- Samples of magnesium, calcium
- Safety equipment
- Sodium, potassium samples

- Practical assessment - Observation - Written exercises

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Reaction of Alkali Metals with Water
Periodicity - Reaction of Alkali Metals with Chlorine

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the reaction of alkali metals with cold water
- Write equations for reactions of Group I metals with water
- Collect and test the gas produced

- Carry out experiments on reaction of Group I metals with water
- Collect and test for the gas produced
- Write balanced equations for the reactions

How do alkali metals react with water?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Laboratory equipment
- Sodium, potassium samples
- Safety equipment
- Chlorine gas (in fume cupboard)

- Practical assessment - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Reaction of Alkali Metals with Dilute Acids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the reaction of alkali metals with dilute acids
- Write equations for reactions of Group I metals with acids
- Appreciate the high reactivity of alkali metals

- Discuss reaction of alkali metals with dilute acids
- Write balanced equations for the reactions
- Research on safety concerns with this reaction

Why is the reaction of alkali metals with acids dangerous?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Videos on reactions
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Reaction of Alkaline Earth Metals with Oxygen
Periodicity - Reaction of Alkaline Earth Metals with Water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the reaction of Group II metals with oxygen
- Write equations for reactions of alkaline earth metals with oxygen
- Compare reactivity with Group I metals

- Carry out experiments on reaction of Group II metals with oxygen
- Observe and record observations
- Write balanced equations for the reactions

How do alkaline earth metals react with oxygen?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Laboratory equipment
- Magnesium ribbon
- Safety equipment
- Magnesium, calcium samples

- Practical assessment - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Reaction of Alkaline Earth Metals with Chlorine

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the reaction of Group II metals with chlorine
- Write equations for reactions of alkaline earth metals with chlorine
- Show awareness of safety when handling chlorine

- Carry out experiments on reaction of Group II metals with chlorine
- Observe and record observations
- Write balanced equations for the reactions

How do alkaline earth metals react with chlorine?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Laboratory equipment
- Chlorine gas (in fume cupboard)
- Safety equipment

- Practical assessment - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Reaction of Alkaline Earth Metals with Dilute Acids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the reaction of Group II metals with dilute acids
- Write equations for reactions of alkaline earth metals with acids
- Collect and test the gas produced

- Carry out experiments on reaction of Group II metals with dilute acids
- Collect and test for hydrogen gas
- Write balanced equations for the reactions

How do alkaline earth metals react with dilute acids?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Laboratory equipment
- Dilute HCl and H₂SO₄
- Magnesium ribbon

- Practical assessment - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Physical Properties of Halogens

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical properties of halogens
- Investigate appearance, smell, and physical states of halogens
- Observe safety when handling halogens

- Prepare chlorine gas and investigate its physical properties
- Observe physical properties of chlorine, bromine, and iodine
- Record appearance, smell, and physical states

What are the physical properties of halogens?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Laboratory equipment
- Chlorine, bromine, iodine samples
- Fume cupboard

- Practical assessment - Observation - Written exercises

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Trends in Physical Properties of Halogens
Periodicity - Reaction of Chlorine with Water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe trends in physical properties down Group VII
- Explain the trend in melting and boiling points
- Relate trends to molecular size

- Discuss trends in physical properties of halogens
- Plot graphs showing melting and boiling point trends
- Research on solubility of halogens in water

How do physical properties of halogens change down the group?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Data tables
- Graph paper
- Laboratory equipment
- Chlorine water
- Litmus paper

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Reaction of Chlorine with Metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the reaction of chlorine with metals
- Write equations for reactions of chlorine with metals
- Appreciate the reactivity of halogens

- Carry out experiments on reaction of chlorine with metals
- Observe reaction of heated iron with chlorine
- Write balanced equations for the reactions

How does chlorine react with metals?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Laboratory equipment
- Iron filings, sodium
- Fume cupboard

- Practical assessment - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Reaction of Chlorine with Hydrogen

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the reaction of chlorine with hydrogen
- Write equations for the reaction
- Show awareness of safety with explosive reactions

- Discuss the reaction of chlorine with hydrogen
- Watch videos demonstrating the reaction
- Write balanced equations for the reaction

How does chlorine react with hydrogen?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Videos on reactions
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Displacement Reactions of Halogens

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain displacement reactions of halogens
- Carry out experiments on halogen displacement
- Relate displacement to reactivity series

- Carry out displacement reactions of halogens
- Add chlorine water to potassium bromide and iodide solutions
- Record colour changes and write equations

Why can chlorine displace bromine and iodine from their salts?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Laboratory equipment
- Halogen solutions
- Potassium halide solutions

- Practical assessment - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Bleaching Action of Chlorine

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the bleaching action of chlorine
- Carry out experiments to demonstrate bleaching
- Compare bleaching by chlorine and sulphur dioxide

- Carry out experiments to investigate bleaching action of chlorine
- Test bleaching on moist and dry litmus paper
- Discuss the mechanism of bleaching

How does chlorine act as a bleaching agent?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Laboratory equipment
- Chlorine water
- Coloured fabric/litmus paper

- Practical assessment - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Physical Properties Across Period 3
Periodicity - Melting and Boiling Points Across Period 3

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe trends in physical properties across Period 3
- Explain trends in atomic size and ionisation energy
- Appreciate periodic trends

- Discuss trends in physical properties across Period 3
- Plot graphs showing atomic radius and ionisation energy trends
- Research on electronegativity trends

How do physical properties change across Period 3?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Digital devices
- Data tables
- Graph paper

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Group discussions

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity - Reactions of Period 3 Elements with Oxygen
Periodicity - Applications of Group I, II, VII, and VIII Elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe reactions of Period 3 elements with oxygen
- Write equations for the reactions
- Compare the oxides formed

- Carry out experiments on reactions of Period 3 elements with oxygen
- Burn magnesium, sulphur, and phosphorus in oxygen
- Write balanced equations for the reactions

How do Period 3 elements react with oxygen?

- Chemistry Learner's Book
- Laboratory equipment
- Period 3 element samples
- Safety equipment
- Digital devices
- Charts showing element uses
- Internet access

- Practical assessment - Written exercises - Observation