Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Features of a plain scale
Plain Scale Drawing - Understanding plain scale components

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define scale drawing
- Identify features of a plain scale
- Appreciate the importance of scale in drawing

- Search for information on meaning of scale drawing
- Study pictures showing plain scales
- Discuss features of plain scale (main units, sub-units, zero mark, R.F)
- Identify features on sample plain scales

Why do we need to use scales when drawing large or small objects?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 41
- Charts showing plain scale
- Reference books
- Sample scale drawings
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 43
- Drawing instruments
- Manila papers
- Markers
- Sample plain scales

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Interpreting a plain scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Read measurements from main scale
- Read measurements from sub-scale
- Calculate total distance from plain scale readings

- Study plain scale showing distance between two points
- Practice reading main scale (part A)
- Practice reading sub-scale (part B)
- Calculate total distance by adding readings from both parts

How do we determine actual distances from a plain scale?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 44
- Plain scale examples
- Rulers
-

- Written tests - Practical work - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Drawing figures to a given scale
Plain Scale Drawing - Drawing plane figures to scale
Plain Scale Drawing - Uses of plain scale drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert actual measurements to drawing measurements
- Apply Representative Fraction (R.F) correctly
- Draw lengths to given scale accurately

- Draw rectangular shapes to scale
- Calculate both length and width using R.F
- Demonstrate accuracy in scale drawing

- Learn to convert meters to centimeters
- Calculate drawing length using R.F formula
- Practice drawing lengths using different R.F values
- Complete exercises on scale drawing
- Practice drawing rectangular football field to scale
- Calculate drawing length and width separately
- Draw school playground to given scale
- Complete multiple scale drawing exercises

How do we reduce large objects to fit on paper?
How do we draw rectangular areas to scale?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 46
- Drawing books
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Practice exercises
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 47
- Drawing instruments
- Graph paper
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Mentor Pre-Technic
- Career brochures
- Community resources

- Practical work - Written assignments - Portfolio assessment
- Practical work - Observation - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Meaning of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define visual programming
- Explain visual programming applications
- Show interest in learning visual programming

- Study picture of learner using visual programming application
- Brainstorm on meaning of visual programming
- Discuss visual programming applications
- Share findings with other groups

What is visual programming and how is it used?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Gra

- Observation - Oral questions - Group discussions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Types of visual programming applications
Visual Programming - Examples of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify educational applications
- Describe multimedia applications
- Recognize video game applications

- Search for information on educational applications
- Research multimedia applications
- Explore video game applications
- Brainstorm on examples of visual programming applications

What types of applications can be created using visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 52
- Digital devices
- Internet connection
- Textbooks
- Application examples
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 53
- Computers/tablets
- Internet access
- Application icons
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Oral presentations - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Features of visual programming applications
Visual Programming - Input feature in visual programming
Visual Programming - Terminologies in visual programming (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify input features
- Recognize processing features
- Describe output and effects features

- Use the Ask command from sensing blocks
- Enter information from keyboard
- Create meaningful input questions

- Launch Scratch application with teacher guidance
- Identify features under input category
- Explore processing features
- Study output and effects (sound, animations, background)
- Open Scratch application
- Use Ask command from sensing blocks
- Type questions for input
- Practice modifying input questions
- Test different input types (numbers, letters, words)

What are the main features of visual programming applications?
How do we get information from users in a program?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 55
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Projector
- Reference materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 56
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Internet access
- Practice worksheets
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Glossary worksheets

- Practical work - Observation - Peer review
- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Terminologies in visual programming (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain coding and coding blocks
- Define sequence statements
- Describe repeating statements
- Understand selection statements and variable declarations

- Research meanings of coding, coding blocks, sequence statements
- Study repeating statements (forever, repeat until, repeat 10)
- Learn about selection statements and variable declarations
- Complete terminology table in notebooks

How do we give instructions to computers using visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 58
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Reference materials
- Practice examples

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Peer review

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating sequential instructions (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Access Scratch online
- Navigate Scratch interface
- Identify Events blocks
- Use When flag clicked block

- Open Scratch using provided link
- Click Start Creating icon
- Close Tutorial Pane
- Explore Scratch interface
- Select Events and drag When flag clicked block

How do we start creating programs in Scratch?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 59
- Computers/tablets
- Internet access
- Scratch online platform
- Projector for demonstration

- Practical work - Observation - Teacher guidance

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating sequential instructions (Part 2)
Visual Programming - Animation project setup
Visual Programming - Creating flying bat animation (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use Control blocks (Forever)
- Apply Motion blocks (move steps, bounce)
- Add Sound blocks
- Create simple animation sequence

- Use Forever loop for continuous motion
- Apply motion blocks to sprite
- Add costume changes for animation effect

- Select and drag Forever block from Control
- Add move 10 steps from Motion
- Insert Play sound meow from Sound
- Add If on edge, bounce block
- Set rotation style to left-right
- Test program by clicking green flag
- Click Events and add When flag clicked
- Add Forever block from Control
- Insert move 10 steps inside Forever
- Add next costume from Looks
- Insert wait 1 sec from Control

How do we make characters move and make sounds?
How do we create continuous movement in animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 60
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Step-by-step guide
- Sample projects
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 61
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Internet connection
- Visual examples
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 62
- Computers with Scratch
- Bat sprite
- Instruction guide
- Sample animations

- Practical work - Observation
- Practical work - Animation quality - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating flying bat animation (Part 2)
Visual Programming - Creating own animation project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Complete flying bat animation
- Test and debug animation
- Modify animation parameters

- Add If on edge, bounce from Motion
- Arrange all blocks in correct sequence
- Click green flag to test animation
- Observe bat flying and flapping wings
- Modify speed and wait time if needed

How do we test and improve our animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 63
- Computers/tablets
- Completed Scratch project
- Testing checklist
- Peer review forms
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 64
- Scratch software
- Planning templates
- Project rubric

- Practical work - Program functionality - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies
Materials for Production

Visual Programming - Importance of visual programming
Composite Materials - Identifying composite materials in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain importance of visual programming in daily life
- Identify careers using visual programming
- Value visual programming skills

- Discuss importance of visual programming
- Research careers using visual programming
- Share examples of visual programming applications in community
- Present findings in class
- Reflect on learning experience

Why is visual programming important in today's world?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 64
- Digital devices
- Career resources
- Internet access
- Presentation tools
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 63
- Pictures of composite materials
- Realia (concrete, bricks, manufactured boards)

- Oral presentations - Written reports - Self-reflection

Materials for Production

Composite Materials - Composition of composite materials
Composite Materials - Constituent materials of composites
Composite Materials - Matching composite materials to their uses
Composite Materials - Uses in work environment
Composite Materials - Searching for information on uses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the composition of composite materials
- Identify constituent materials in composites
- Appreciate the combination of materials in composites

- Match composite materials to their uses
- Identify uses of composite materials in work environment
- Appreciate the importance of composite materials

- Discuss and fill in constituent materials of composites
- Participate in group presentations
- Search for information on constituent materials using digital devices
- Study composition of concrete, bricks, papier-mâché, stone, manufactured boards
- Match composite materials to their uses in notebooks
- Discuss uses of manufactured boards for furniture
- Study uses of plastic-coated paper for packaging
- Identify uses of concrete in construction
- Share work with classmates

How are composite materials made?
How are composite materials used in different workplaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 64
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Charts showing composite compositions
- Sample composite materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 65
- Print resources
- Internet link provided
- Reference books
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 67
- Charts showing composite uses
- Pictures of furniture and buildings
- Real composite items
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 68
- Pictures of work environments
- Charts showing sector applications
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 69
- Internet access
- Manila papers for charts

- Written assignments - Practical work - Group presentations
- Practical work - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Composite Materials - Importance in the locality
Ceramic Materials - Identifying common ceramic materials
Ceramic Materials - Collecting ceramic items

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain importance of composite materials in locality
- Identify structures made from composites
- Value the impact of composites on community life

- Identify structures or items made from composites in locality
- Explain importance to the community
- Discuss how lives have been impacted by composites
- Present findings to classmates

Why are composite materials important in our community?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 70
- Community resources
- Pictures of local structures
- Digital devices
- Sample composite items
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 71
- Pictures of ceramic items
- Real ceramic items (pots, plates, tiles)
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 72
- Collection bags
- Notebooks for recording
- Storage boxes
- Safety gloves

- Oral presentations - Written tests - Observation

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Physical properties of ceramics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define physical properties
- Identify physical properties of ceramic materials
- Appreciate the unique properties of ceramics

- Brainstorm meaning of physical properties
- Discuss physical properties of ceramic materials
- Use print and digital media to search for properties
- Study pictures showing brittleness, fire resistance, heat resistance

What are the physical properties of ceramic materials?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 73
- Digital devices
- Print resources
- Pictures showing properties
- Sample ceramic items

- Observation - Written tests - Group discussions

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Investigating properties
Ceramic Materials - Understanding properties
Ceramic Materials - Uses in work environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate brittleness of ceramic materials
- Test fire resistance of ceramics
- Examine heat and water resistance
- Demonstrate safe investigation procedures

- Match ceramic materials to their uses
- Identify uses of ceramics in different sectors
- Prepare charts showing types and uses
- Appreciate ceramic material applications

- Drop ceramic material from height to test brittleness
- Hold ceramic using tongs and place on flame
- Place pot over low flame to test heat resistance
- Place water inside glass to test water resistance
- Record observations
- Match ceramic items with uses in work environment
- Search for information on uses using digital resources
- Prepare chart showing types and uses
- Visit workplaces to identify ceramic materials
- Record findings in tables

How can we test the properties of ceramic materials?
How are ceramic materials used in different workplaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 74
- Ceramic items (glass, pots)
- Water
- Source of heat
- Tongs
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 75
- Charts showing properties
- Sample ceramic items
- Pictures demonstrating properties
- Reference books
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 76
- Digital devices
- Manila papers for charts
- Workplace access
- Resource persons
- Sample ceramic items

- Practical work - Observation - Written reports - Safety compliance
- Chart assessment - Practical work - Oral presentations - Written reports

Materials for Production
Tools and Production

Ceramic Materials - Importance in the locality
Cutting Tools - Identifying cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify importance of ceramic materials in locality
- Discuss uses in kitchen, construction, decoration
- Explain healthcare applications
- Value ceramic materials in daily life

- Study pictures of people making and using ceramics
- Identify ceramic materials shown
- Discuss importance in the locality
- Debate statement about ceramic importance
- Share with parents importance of ceramics at home

Why are ceramic materials important in our daily lives?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 78
- Pictures of ceramic uses
- Digital devices
- Debate guidelines
- Reference materials
- Community resources
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 80
- Pictures of cutting tools
- Real cutting tools (hacksaws, handsaws, chisels, planes, snips)
- Charts showing cutting tools

- Oral presentations - Written reports - Debate participation - Self-reflection

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Collecting and identifying cutting tools
Cutting Tools - Uses of hacksaws and handsaws
Cutting Tools - Uses of chisels and planes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect different cutting tools available in the locality
- Identify and write down names of cutting tools
- Store tools safely for later use

- Collect different cutting tools available in the locality under teacher guidance
- Identify and write down the names of the cutting tools
- Store the tools in a safe place

How should cutting tools be stored safely?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 81
- Various cutting tools from locality
- Storage containers
- Notebooks for recording
- Hacksaws and handsaws
- Metal rods, plastic pipes, wood pieces
- Pictures showing tool applications
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 82
- Wood chisels and cold chisels
- Various types of planes
- Wood and metal samples
- Safety equipment

- Practical work - Observation - Written records

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Uses of snips, scrappers and other cutting tools
Cutting Tools - Selecting appropriate cutting tools
Cutting Tools - Using a handsaw safely
Cutting Tools - Using a hacksaw safely
Cutting Tools - Using a wood chisel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the use of snips in metalwork
- Explain the function of scrappers in removing materials
- Identify uses of knives, strippers and cutters

- Use a hacksaw to cut metal rods and plastic pipes
- Apply proper techniques when using a hacksaw
- Maintain control and safety while cutting

- Learn about tin snips and aviation snips for cutting metal sheets
- Discuss scrappers for removing material from surfaces
- Study knives (fixed blade, sliding, folding)
- Learn about strippers for removing wire insulation
- Discuss various cutters (wire cutters, pipe cutters, paper cutters)
- Wear protective gear (gloves and overalls)
- Secure metal rod firmly in bench vice
- Mark cut line using a scriber
- Hold hacksaw properly and apply correct pressure
- Practice cutting metal rods and plastic pipes

What tools are best for cutting thin metal sheets?
How do we safely cut metal using a hacksaw?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 82
- Tin snips and aviation snips
- Scrappers
- Various knives
- Wire strippers
- Different types of cutters
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 83
- Previously collected cutting tools
- Classification charts
- Notebooks for recording
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 85
- Handsaws
- Pieces of timber
- Tape measure, try square, pencil
- Clamps
- Working surface
- Protective gear (gloves, goggles)
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 86
- Hacksaws
- Metal rods and plastic pipes
- Scriber
- Bench vice
- Working bench
- Protective gloves and overalls
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 88
- Wood chisels
- Pieces of timber
- Mallet
- Pencil and ruler
- Clamps
- Protective gloves and goggles

- Observation - Oral questions - Group discussions
- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using snips to cut metal sheets
Cutting Tools - Using wire cutters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use snips to cut metallic sheets
- Apply correct technique when using snips
- Cut safely away from the body

- Wear protective gloves
- Secure metallic sheet on flat working surface
- Measure and mark cut line using scriber and steel rule
- Hold snips correctly
- Open snips and align blades with cut line
- Practice cutting along the marked line

How do we use snips to cut metal sheets safely?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 89
- Tin snips or aviation snips
- Metallic sheets
- Scriber and steel rule
- Tape measure
- Protective gloves
- Working surface
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 91
- Wire cutters
- Wires of different sizes
- Marking tools

- Practical work - Observation - Written tests

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using planes and scrappers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use a plane to smoothen and reduce timber thickness
- Use a scrapper to remove embedded dirt
- Apply proper techniques for each tool

- Use jack plane to smoothen timber surface
- Practice reducing thickness of timber
- Wear protective gear (safety goggles)
- Use scrapper to remove embedded dirt from surfaces
- Hold scrapper at 30° angle
- Practice scraping different surfaces

How do planes and scrappers prepare surfaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 90
- Jack plane
- Scrappers
- Pieces of timber
- Surfaces with embedded dirt
- Safety goggles
- Protective gloves

- Practical work - Observation - Safety compliance

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using wire strippers and knives
Cutting Tools - Caring for cutting tools
Cutting Tools - Importance of cutting tools in the workplace

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use wire strippers to remove wire insulation
- Use utility knives to cut cardboard and paper
- Observe safety precautions with sharp tools

- Identify ways of caring for different cutting tools
- Explain maintenance procedures for each tool
- Demonstrate responsibility in tool care

- Open jaws of wire stripper
- Place wire between jaws at correct distance from end
- Squeeze and rotate stripper to remove insulation
- Practice stripping and cutting wires
- Use utility knife to cut cardboard at 45° angle
- Store knife with blade retracted
- Study pictures showing ways of caring for cutting tools
- Discuss how tools are being cared for
- Use digital devices or print resources to search for ways of caring for cutting tools
- Discuss maintenance for hacksaws, handsaws, chisels, snips, cutters, planes, scrappers, strippers and knives

How do we safely strip wires and cut with knives?
Why is it important to care for cutting tools?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 92
- Wire strippers
- Insulated wires
- Utility/sliding knives
- Cardboard paper
- Ruler and pencil
- Protective gloves
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 95
- Various cutting tools
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Tool maintenance materials
- Pictures of tool care
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 96
- Manila papers
- Markers and colors
- Pictures of cutting tools
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Meaning and examples of computer software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term computer software
- Give examples of computer software
- Appreciate the role of software in computers

- Study pictures of different computer hardware performing tasks
- Identify activities taking place in each picture
- Brainstorm on the meaning of 'computer software'
- Use digital or printed resources to search for meaning and examples of computer software
- Learn about word processors, spreadsheets, presentation and desktop publishing

What is computer software and why is it important?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 97
- Digital devices (computers, tablets)
- Pictures showing software use
- Internet access
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written notes

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Categories of computer software
Computer Software - Functions of word processors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify categories of computer software
- Distinguish between system software and application software
- Explain the role of operating systems

- Learn about system software and application software
- Discuss system software (operating systems like Microsoft Windows)
- Study application software (word processors, spreadsheets, presentations)
- Understand that system software runs in the background
- Learn that application software is user-oriented

How do system software and application software differ?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 99
- Computers with different software
- Microsoft Windows
- Examples of application software
- Digital devices
- Charts showing software categories
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 100
- Computer laboratory
- Microsoft Word software
- Sample documents
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Using Microsoft Word
Computer Software - Functions of presentation software
Computer Software - Using Microsoft PowerPoint

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Start Microsoft Word application
- Create a new Word document
- Save and print Word documents

- Explain the functions of presentation software
- Identify Microsoft PowerPoint as presentation software
- Create visual presentations for audiences

- Click Start button and select Microsoft Word
- Create a blank document
- Learn about Word window features (title bar, ribbon, status bar, quick access toolbar)
- Type text about computer software
- Practice saving document using "Save As"
- Learn to print documents
- Learn about PowerPoint for creating visual presentations
- Discuss functions: creating presentations from templates, adding text, images, art and videos
- Study adding transitions, animations and cinematic motion
- Observe how presentations are used in different settings

How do we create and save documents in Microsoft Word?
What is presentation software used for?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 101
- Computers with Microsoft Word
- Printers
- Practice documents
- Step-by-step guides
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 100
- Microsoft PowerPoint software
- Digital devices
- Sample presentations
- Projector (if available)
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 103
- Computers with Microsoft PowerPoint
- Practice presentation topics
- Step-by-step guides

- Practical work - Observation - Saved documents assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Saving and printing PowerPoint presentations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Save PowerPoint presentations with appropriate names
- Print presentations or selected slides
- Share presentations via email

- Practice saving presentations by clicking File then Save As
- Type presentation name and choose save location
- Learn to print all slides or selected slides
- Adjust print settings before printing
- Practice printing presentations or sharing via email

How do we save and share PowerPoint presentations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 107
- Computers with PowerPoint
- Printers
- Email access
- Sample presentations
- USB drives for saving

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Functions of spreadsheet software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of spreadsheet software
- Identify Microsoft Excel as spreadsheet software
- Understand how spreadsheets organize data

- Learn about spreadsheets arranged in rows and columns
- Discuss Microsoft Excel functions: creating charts and graphs, searching, sorting and calculating data
- Study data analysis and saving capabilities
- Understand spreadsheet applications in workplaces

What tasks can spreadsheet software perform?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 100
- Microsoft Excel software
- Sample spreadsheets with data
- Charts and graphs examples
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Using Microsoft Excel
Computer Software - Saving and printing Excel worksheets
Computer Software - Importance of application software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Start Microsoft Excel application
- Enter data in Excel worksheets
- Navigate Excel features and cells

- Explain the importance of application software in workplaces
- Identify benefits of using application software
- Appreciate the role of software in productivity

- Click Start button and select Microsoft Excel
- Create blank workbook
- Learn about Excel features (name box, formula bar, cells, rows, columns, worksheets)
- Practice entering data in cells
- Use arrow keys and enter key to navigate
- Practice entering numbers and text in different cells
- Discuss importance in schools, companies, agriculture and sports
- Learn that software creates professional documents and presentations
- Understand software improves creativity and increases productivity
- Debate: "Without computer application software, it would be difficult to perform different tasks in our school"
- Prepare charts showing importance in various workplaces

How do we enter and organize data in Excel?
Why is application software important in different workplaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 109
- Computers with Microsoft Excel
- Sample data for entry
- Step-by-step guides
- Practice worksheets
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 111
- Computers with Excel
- Printers
- Sample worksheets
- USB drives
- Portfolios for storing work
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 112
- Manila papers and markers
- Case studies of software use
- Reference materials
- Digital devices

- Practical work - Observation - 
- Observation - Debate participation - Chart assessment - Oral presentations