Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plane Geometry - Instruments used in drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify drawing instruments and equipment
- Describe the uses of drawing instruments
- Show interest in using drawing instruments properly

- Identify tools and instruments used in drawing from pictures
- Discuss how instruments are used in drawing
- Search for information on drawing instruments using digital devices
- Draw some instruments on paper

How do drawing instruments help us make accurate drawings?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 18
- Drawing instruments (set squares, compasses, rulers)
- Digital devices
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical demonstration

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plane Geometry - Layout of a drawing environment
Plane Geometry - Constructing combined shapes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify parts of a drawing environment
- Explain the layout of a drawing environment
- Appreciate the importance of proper drawing setup

- Search for information on drawing surface, margins, and title page
- Discuss the layout of a drawing environment
- Identify margins and title page on sample drawings
- Prepare drawing environment on a drawing sheet

Why is it important to set up a drawing environment before drawing?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 20
- Drawing sheets
- Pencils and straight edges
- Sample drawings showing layout
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 23
- Drawing books
- Geometrical sets
- Compasses and rulers
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical work - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plane Geometry - Use of plane geometry in drawing
Dimensioning - Types of dimensioning in drawing
Dimensioning - Linear and angular dimensioning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct combined shapes accurately
- Explain the importance of plane geometry in daily life
- Value the application of plane geometry in various fields

- Construct combined shapes following step-by-step instructions
- Search for information on plane geometry applications in automotive engineering, sports, and sculpturing
- Present findings on uses of plane geometry
- Complete construction exercises

How is plane geometry applied in real-world professions?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 26
- Drawing equipment
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Career brochures
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 27
- Charts showing dimensioned drawings
- Sample technical drawings
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 28
- Drawing instruments
- Digital resources
- Sample dimensioned drawings

- Practical work - Oral presentations - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Dimensioning - Radial dimensioning and lines used for dimensioning
Dimensioning - Rules for dimensioning straight lines
Dimensioning - Rules for dimensioning circles and curves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify radial dimensioning on drawings
- Draw dimension lines, extension lines, and leader lines
- Demonstrate accuracy in drawing dimension lines

- Study examples of radial dimensioning (radius and diameter)
- Discuss the appearance and use of dimension lines
- Draw extension lines and leader lines
- Practice drawing dimensioning lines correctly

How are curved surfaces and circles dimensioned?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 30
- Drawing books
- Rulers and compasses
- Charts showing line types
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 32
- Drawing equipment
- Digital devices
- Reference books on technical drawing
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 34
- Drawing instruments
- Compasses
- Sample drawings with circles

- Practical work - Observation - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Dimensioning - Forms of dimensioning (chain, parallel, combined)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify chain dimensioning
- Describe parallel dimensioning
- Explain combined dimensioning
- Appreciate different dimensioning forms

- Study drawings showing chain dimensioning
- Analyze examples of parallel dimensioning
- Discuss combined dimensioning approach
- Categorize dimensioning forms from sample drawings

What are the different ways of arranging dimensions on drawings?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 36
- Charts showing dimensioning forms
- Drawing books
- Digital resources

- Observation - Written tests - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Dimensioning - Dimensioning shapes in drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure dimensions of shapes accurately
- Dimension shapes correctly using appropriate techniques
- Display quality work in portfolio

- Measure dimensions of given combined shapes
- Draw shapes to measured dimensions
- Dimension each drawing correctly following rules
- Display dimensioned drawings in portfolio for peer assessment

How do we dimension complex combined shapes?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 38
- Drawing equipment
- Rulers and measuring tools
- Drawing books
- Portfolio folders

- Practical work - Portfolio assessment - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Features of a plain scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define scale drawing
- Identify features of a plain scale
- Appreciate the importance of scale in drawing

- Search for information on meaning of scale drawing
- Study pictures showing plain scales
- Discuss features of plain scale (main units, sub-units, zero mark, R.F)
- Identify features on sample plain scales

Why do we need to use scales when drawing large or small objects?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 41
- Charts showing plain scales
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Sample scale drawings

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Understanding plain scale components
Plain Scale Drawing - Interpreting a plain scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain units and sub-units on plain scale
- Describe Representative Fraction (R.F)
- Show interest in reading plain scales accurately

- Discuss main units and sub-units on plain scales
- Understand zero mark positioning
- Learn about Representative Fraction (R.F)
- Create charts showing plain scale features

How do we read and understand information on a plain scale?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 43
- Drawing instruments
- Manila papers
- Markers
- Sample plain scales
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 44
- Plain scale examples
- Rulers
- Practice worksheets
- Digital devices

- Practical work - Observation - Charts assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Drawing figures to a given scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert actual measurements to drawing measurements
- Apply Representative Fraction (R.F) correctly
- Draw lengths to given scale accurately

- Learn to convert meters to centimeters
- Calculate drawing length using R.F formula
- Practice drawing lengths using different R.F values
- Complete exercises on scale drawing

How do we reduce large objects to fit on paper?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 46
- Drawing books
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Practice exercises

- Practical work - Written assignments - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Drawing plane figures to scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw rectangular shapes to scale
- Calculate both length and width using R.F
- Demonstrate accuracy in scale drawing

- Practice drawing rectangular football field to scale
- Calculate drawing length and width separately
- Draw school playground to given scale
- Complete multiple scale drawing exercises

How do we draw rectangular areas to scale?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 47
- Drawing instruments
- Graph paper
- Calculators
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Uses of plain scale drawing
Visual Programming - Meaning of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of plain scale drawing in work environment
- Explain importance of scale drawing in daily life
- Value the application of scale drawing in various fields

- Study plain figures showing scale applications (maps, land plans)
- Discuss uses of plain scale drawing
- Search for real-world applications of scale drawing
- Present findings on importance of scale drawing

How is plain scale drawing used in the community and workplace?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 50
- Maps and plans
- Digital devices
- Career brochures
- Community resources
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 51
- Internet access
- Visual programming software
- Projector

- Oral presentations - Written tests - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Types of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify educational applications
- Describe multimedia applications
- Recognize video game applications

- Search for information on educational applications
- Research multimedia applications
- Explore video game applications
- Brainstorm on examples of visual programming applications

What types of applications can be created using visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 52
- Digital devices
- Internet connection
- Textbooks
- Application examples

- Written tests - Oral presentations - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Examples of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify Microsoft MakeCode
- Recognize Scratch application
- Describe Sprite Box application

- Search for information on Microsoft MakeCode
- Research Scratch programming
- Study Sprite Box application
- Identify applications from their icons

What are common visual programming applications?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 53
- Computers/tablets
- Internet access
- Application icons
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical identification

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Features of visual programming applications
Visual Programming - Input feature in visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify input features
- Recognize processing features
- Describe output and effects features

- Launch Scratch application with teacher guidance
- Identify features under input category
- Explore processing features
- Study output and effects (sound, animations, background)

What are the main features of visual programming applications?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 55
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Projector
- Reference materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 56
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Practice worksheets

- Practical work - Observation - Peer review

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Terminologies in visual programming (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define syntax in programming
- Explain variables
- Describe input and output statements

- Search for meanings of syntax, variables, input statements, output statements
- Discuss definitions with peers
- Write meanings in notebooks
- Share findings for peer review

What are the basic terms used in visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Internet access
- Glossary worksheets

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Terminologies in visual programming (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain coding and coding blocks
- Define sequence statements
- Describe repeating statements
- Understand selection statements and variable declarations

- Research meanings of coding, coding blocks, sequence statements
- Study repeating statements (forever, repeat until, repeat 10)
- Learn about selection statements and variable declarations
- Complete terminology table in notebooks

How do we give instructions to computers using visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 58
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Reference materials
- Practice examples

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Peer review

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating sequential instructions (Part 1)
Visual Programming - Creating sequential instructions (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Access Scratch online
- Navigate Scratch interface
- Identify Events blocks
- Use When flag clicked block

- Open Scratch using provided link
- Click Start Creating icon
- Close Tutorial Pane
- Explore Scratch interface
- Select Events and drag When flag clicked block

How do we start creating programs in Scratch?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 59
- Computers/tablets
- Internet access
- Scratch online platform
- Projector for demonstration
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 60
- Computers with Scratch
- Step-by-step guide
- Sample projects

- Practical work - Observation - Teacher guidance

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Animation project setup

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify backdrop and sprites icons
- Import backdrops
- Add sprites to projects
- Position sprites appropriately

- Open new Scratch project
- Identify backdrop icon and sprites icon
- Import brick wall backdrop (Wall 1)
- Select and add bat sprite
- Position bat sprite above ground

How do we set up the environment for animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 61
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Internet connection
- Visual examples

- Practical work - Observation - Project setup

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating flying bat animation (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use Forever loop for continuous motion
- Apply motion blocks to sprite
- Add costume changes for animation effect

- Click Events and add When flag clicked
- Add Forever block from Control
- Insert move 10 steps inside Forever
- Add next costume from Looks
- Insert wait 1 sec from Control

How do we create continuous movement in animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 62
- Computers with Scratch
- Bat sprite
- Instruction guide
- Sample animations

- Practical work - Animation quality - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating flying bat animation (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Complete flying bat animation
- Test and debug animation
- Modify animation parameters

- Add If on edge, bounce from Motion
- Arrange all blocks in correct sequence
- Click green flag to test animation
- Observe bat flying and flapping wings
- Modify speed and wait time if needed

How do we test and improve our animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 63
- Computers/tablets
- Completed Scratch project
- Testing checklist
- Peer review forms

- Practical work - Program functionality - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating own animation project
Visual Programming - Importance of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan own animation project
- Select appropriate sprites and backdrops
- Apply learned programming blocks
- Create functional animation

- Plan animation idea
- Choose sprites and backdrop
- Apply sequence of blocks learned
- Add motion, sound, and effects
- Test and refine animation
- Present project to peers

How can we create our own unique animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 64
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Planning templates
- Project rubric
- Digital devices
- Career resources
- Internet access
- Presentation tools

- Project work - Presentation - Peer and self-assessment

Materials for Production

Composite Materials - Identifying composite materials in the locality
Composite Materials - Composition of composite materials
Composite Materials - Constituent materials of composites

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify composite materials in the locality
- Name items made from composite materials
- Show interest in learning about composite materials

- Study pictures showing composite materials
- Identify materials shown in the pictures
- Discuss which materials are found in their locality
- Identify constituent materials of composites

What are composite materials and where can we find them?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 63
- Pictures of composite materials
- Realia (concrete, bricks, manufactured boards)
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 64
- Internet access
- Charts showing composite compositions
- Sample composite materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 65
- Print resources
- Internet link provided
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Group discussions

Materials for Production

Composite Materials - Matching composite materials to their uses
Composite Materials - Uses in work environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Match composite materials to their uses
- Identify uses of composite materials in work environment
- Appreciate the importance of composite materials

- Match composite materials to their uses in notebooks
- Discuss uses of manufactured boards for furniture
- Study uses of plastic-coated paper for packaging
- Identify uses of concrete in construction
- Share work with classmates

How are composite materials used in different workplaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 67
- Charts showing composite uses
- Pictures of furniture and buildings
- Real composite items
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 68
- Pictures of work environments
- Charts showing sector applications
- Digital devices
- Video clips

- Practical work - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Composite Materials - Searching for information on uses
Composite Materials - Importance in the locality
Ceramic Materials - Identifying common ceramic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Research uses of composite materials
- Prepare charts showing types and uses
- Apply digital literacy skills in research

- Use digital devices to search for information on uses
- Watch video clips showing composite material applications
- Observe pictures and charts
- Find out uses of plastic-coated paper, chipboard, concrete
- Write reports on observations

How can we find information about composite material uses?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 69
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Manila papers for charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 70
- Community resources
- Pictures of local structures
- Sample composite items
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 71
- Pictures of ceramic items
- Real ceramic items (pots, plates, tiles)

- Chart assessment - Written reports - Practical work

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Collecting ceramic items
Ceramic Materials - Physical properties of ceramics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect ceramic items from locality
- Write names of ceramic items
- Store collected items safely

- Take a walk around locality with teacher guidance
- Identify ceramic items
- Collect some of the items
- Write names of items
- Discuss ceramic materials used
- Store items in safe place

How can we identify and collect ceramic materials safely?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 72
- Collection bags
- Notebooks for recording
- Storage boxes
- Safety gloves
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 73
- Digital devices
- Print resources
- Pictures showing properties
- Sample ceramic items

- Practical work - Observation - Portfolio assessment

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Investigating properties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate brittleness of ceramic materials
- Test fire resistance of ceramics
- Examine heat and water resistance
- Demonstrate safe investigation procedures

- Drop ceramic material from height to test brittleness
- Hold ceramic using tongs and place on flame
- Place pot over low flame to test heat resistance
- Place water inside glass to test water resistance
- Record observations

How can we test the properties of ceramic materials?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 74
- Ceramic items (glass, pots)
- Water
- Source of heat
- Tongs
- Safety equipment

- Practical work - Observation - Written reports - Safety compliance

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Understanding properties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain brittleness of ceramics
- Describe fire, heat, water and corrosion resistance
- Value the properties of ceramic materials

- Study explanations of basic properties
- Discuss brittleness and why ceramics break easily
- Learn about fire resistance in flames
- Understand corrosion resistance
- Discuss water and heat resistance applications

Why do ceramic materials have these specific properties?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 75
- Charts showing properties
- Sample ceramic items
- Pictures demonstrating properties
- Reference books

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Uses in work environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Match ceramic materials to their uses
- Identify uses of ceramics in different sectors
- Prepare charts showing types and uses
- Appreciate ceramic material applications

- Match ceramic items with uses in work environment
- Search for information on uses using digital resources
- Prepare chart showing types and uses
- Visit workplaces to identify ceramic materials
- Record findings in tables

How are ceramic materials used in different workplaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 76
- Digital devices
- Manila papers for charts
- Workplace access
- Resource persons
- Sample ceramic items

- Chart assessment - Practical work - Oral presentations - Written reports

Materials for Production
Tools and Production
Tools and Production

Ceramic Materials - Importance in the locality
Cutting Tools - Identifying cutting tools
Cutting Tools - Collecting and identifying cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify importance of ceramic materials in locality
- Discuss uses in kitchen, construction, decoration
- Explain healthcare applications
- Value ceramic materials in daily life

- Study pictures of people making and using ceramics
- Identify ceramic materials shown
- Discuss importance in the locality
- Debate statement about ceramic importance
- Share with parents importance of ceramics at home

Why are ceramic materials important in our daily lives?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 78
- Pictures of ceramic uses
- Digital devices
- Debate guidelines
- Reference materials
- Community resources
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 80
- Pictures of cutting tools
- Real cutting tools (hacksaws, handsaws, chisels, planes, snips)
- Charts showing cutting tools
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 81
- Various cutting tools from locality
- Storage containers
- Notebooks for recording

- Oral presentations - Written reports - Debate participation - Self-reflection

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Uses of hacksaws and handsaws
Cutting Tools - Uses of chisels and planes
Cutting Tools - Uses of snips, scrappers and other cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the use of hacksaws in cutting metal and other materials
- Explain the use of handsaws in cutting wood
- Value the importance of selecting appropriate cutting tools

- Discuss the uses of hacksaws for cutting metal, plastic pipes and wood
- Learn about different types of handsaws (cross-cut saw, rip saw, coping saw)
- Identify workplaces where these tools are used

Why are different saws used for different materials?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 81
- Hacksaws and handsaws
- Metal rods, plastic pipes, wood pieces
- Pictures showing tool applications
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 82
- Wood chisels and cold chisels
- Various types of planes
- Wood and metal samples
- Safety equipment
- Tin snips and aviation snips
- Scrappers
- Various knives
- Wire strippers
- Different types of cutters

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical demonstrations

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Selecting appropriate cutting tools
Cutting Tools - Using a handsaw safely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate cutting tools for specific tasks
- Sort tools according to their uses
- Present findings in an organized manner

- Discuss the use of each cutting tool collected earlier
- Sort tools for cutting paper and fabric
- Sort tools for cutting wood, metallic rods, pipes and sheets
- Identify tools for stripping wire insulations
- Present findings in a table format

How do we select the right tool for a specific task?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 83
- Previously collected cutting tools
- Classification charts
- Notebooks for recording
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 85
- Handsaws
- Pieces of timber
- Tape measure, try square, pencil
- Clamps
- Working surface
- Protective gear (gloves, goggles)

- Observation - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a hacksaw safely
Cutting Tools - Using a wood chisel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use a hacksaw to cut metal rods and plastic pipes
- Apply proper techniques when using a hacksaw
- Maintain control and safety while cutting

- Wear protective gear (gloves and overalls)
- Secure metal rod firmly in bench vice
- Mark cut line using a scriber
- Hold hacksaw properly and apply correct pressure
- Practice cutting metal rods and plastic pipes

How do we safely cut metal using a hacksaw?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 86
- Hacksaws
- Metal rods and plastic pipes
- Scriber
- Bench vice
- Working bench
- Protective gloves and overalls
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 88
- Wood chisels
- Pieces of timber
- Mallet
- Pencil and ruler
- Clamps
- Protective gloves and goggles

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using snips to cut metal sheets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use snips to cut metallic sheets
- Apply correct technique when using snips
- Cut safely away from the body

- Wear protective gloves
- Secure metallic sheet on flat working surface
- Measure and mark cut line using scriber and steel rule
- Hold snips correctly
- Open snips and align blades with cut line
- Practice cutting along the marked line

How do we use snips to cut metal sheets safely?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 89
- Tin snips or aviation snips
- Metallic sheets
- Scriber and steel rule
- Tape measure
- Protective gloves
- Working surface

- Practical work - Observation - Written tests

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using wire cutters
Cutting Tools - Using planes and scrappers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use wire cutters to cut wires of different sizes
- Hold wire cutters properly
- Observe safety when cutting wires

- Identify and mark point on wire for cutting
- Hold wire cutter with dominant hand correctly
- Open handles to open blades
- Place wire between blades ensuring proper alignment
- Apply force to close blades and cut wire
- Practice cutting wires of different sizes

How do we cut wires safely using wire cutters?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 91
- Wire cutters
- Wires of different sizes
- Marking tools
- Protective gloves
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 90
- Jack plane
- Scrappers
- Pieces of timber
- Surfaces with embedded dirt
- Safety goggles

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using wire strippers and knives

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use wire strippers to remove wire insulation
- Use utility knives to cut cardboard and paper
- Observe safety precautions with sharp tools

- Open jaws of wire stripper
- Place wire between jaws at correct distance from end
- Squeeze and rotate stripper to remove insulation
- Practice stripping and cutting wires
- Use utility knife to cut cardboard at 45° angle
- Store knife with blade retracted

How do we safely strip wires and cut with knives?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 92
- Wire strippers
- Insulated wires
- Utility/sliding knives
- Cardboard paper
- Ruler and pencil
- Protective gloves

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Caring for cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of caring for different cutting tools
- Explain maintenance procedures for each tool
- Demonstrate responsibility in tool care

- Study pictures showing ways of caring for cutting tools
- Discuss how tools are being cared for
- Use digital devices or print resources to search for ways of caring for cutting tools
- Discuss maintenance for hacksaws, handsaws, chisels, snips, cutters, planes, scrappers, strippers and knives

Why is it important to care for cutting tools?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 95
- Various cutting tools
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Tool maintenance materials
- Pictures of tool care

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Importance of cutting tools in the workplace
Computer Software - Meaning and examples of computer software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of cutting tools in work environment
- Prepare informative posters on cutting tools
- Value the role of cutting tools in various workplaces

- Discuss the importance of cutting tools in the work environment
- Prepare posters providing information on importance of cutting tools
- Place posters at school workshop or Pre-Technical Studies corner
- Share findings with classmates

Why are cutting tools essential in workplaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 96
- Manila papers
- Markers and colors
- Pictures of cutting tools
- Reference materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 97
- Digital devices (computers, tablets)
- Pictures showing software use
- Internet access
- Reference books

- Observation - Poster assessment - Oral presentations

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Categories of computer software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify categories of computer software
- Distinguish between system software and application software
- Explain the role of operating systems

- Learn about system software and application software
- Discuss system software (operating systems like Microsoft Windows)
- Study application software (word processors, spreadsheets, presentations)
- Understand that system software runs in the background
- Learn that application software is user-oriented

How do system software and application software differ?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 99
- Computers with different software
- Microsoft Windows
- Examples of application software
- Digital devices
- Charts showing software categories

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Functions of word processors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of word processing software
- Identify Microsoft Word as a word processor
- Use word processors to create documents

- Visit computer laboratory or ICT centre
- Observe how word processors are used
- Learn about creating, saving, formatting, editing and printing documents
- Discuss the five main functions of word processors
- Share findings with classmates

What can we do with word processing software?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 100
- Computer laboratory
- Microsoft Word software
- Digital devices
- Sample documents
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical demonstrations

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Using Microsoft Word
Computer Software - Functions of presentation software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Start Microsoft Word application
- Create a new Word document
- Save and print Word documents

- Click Start button and select Microsoft Word
- Create a blank document
- Learn about Word window features (title bar, ribbon, status bar, quick access toolbar)
- Type text about computer software
- Practice saving document using "Save As"
- Learn to print documents

How do we create and save documents in Microsoft Word?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 101
- Computers with Microsoft Word
- Printers
- Practice documents
- Step-by-step guides
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 100
- Microsoft PowerPoint software
- Digital devices
- Sample presentations
- Projector (if available)

- Practical work - Observation - Saved documents assessment

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Using Microsoft PowerPoint

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Start Microsoft PowerPoint application
- Create a blank presentation
- Add text and new slides to presentations

- Click Start button and select PowerPoint
- Create blank presentation
- Learn about PowerPoint features (title bar, ribbon, thumbnail slides, placeholders)
- Click in title and subtitle placeholders to add text
- Practice adding new slides with different layouts
- Save presentation using "Save As"

How do we create presentations in PowerPoint?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 103
- Computers with Microsoft PowerPoint
- Practice presentation topics
- Step-by-step guides
- Digital devices

- Practical work - Observation - Saved presentations assessment

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Saving and printing PowerPoint presentations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Save PowerPoint presentations with appropriate names
- Print presentations or selected slides
- Share presentations via email

- Practice saving presentations by clicking File then Save As
- Type presentation name and choose save location
- Learn to print all slides or selected slides
- Adjust print settings before printing
- Practice printing presentations or sharing via email

How do we save and share PowerPoint presentations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 107
- Computers with PowerPoint
- Printers
- Email access
- Sample presentations
- USB drives for saving

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Functions of spreadsheet software
Computer Software - Using Microsoft Excel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of spreadsheet software
- Identify Microsoft Excel as spreadsheet software
- Understand how spreadsheets organize data

- Learn about spreadsheets arranged in rows and columns
- Discuss Microsoft Excel functions: creating charts and graphs, searching, sorting and calculating data
- Study data analysis and saving capabilities
- Understand spreadsheet applications in workplaces

What tasks can spreadsheet software perform?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 100
- Microsoft Excel software
- Sample spreadsheets with data
- Charts and graphs examples
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 109
- Computers with Microsoft Excel
- Sample data for entry
- Step-by-step guides
- Practice worksheets

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Saving and printing Excel worksheets
Computer Software - Importance of application software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Save Excel worksheets with appropriate names
- Print Excel worksheets
- Manage Excel files effectively

- Practice saving worksheets by clicking File then Save As
- Select location and type file name
- Learn to print worksheets with print settings
- Practice creating, saving and printing a class project spreadsheet
- Store printed work in portfolio

How do we save and print Excel worksheets?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 111
- Computers with Excel
- Printers
- Sample worksheets
- USB drives
- Portfolios for storing work
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 112
- Manila papers and markers
- Case studies of software use
- Reference materials
- Digital devices

- Practical work - Observation - Saved files assessment