Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Features of a plain scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define scale drawing
- Identify features of a plain scale
- Appreciate the importance of scale in drawing

- Search for information on meaning of scale drawing
- Study pictures showing plain scales
- Discuss features of plain scale (main units, sub-units, zero mark, R.F)
- Identify features on sample plain scales

Why do we need to use scales when drawing large or small objects?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 41
- Charts showing plain scales
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Sample scale drawings

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Understanding plain scale components
Plain Scale Drawing - Interpreting a plain scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain units and sub-units on plain scale
- Describe Representative Fraction (R.F)
- Show interest in reading plain scales accurately

- Read measurements from main scale
- Read measurements from sub-scale
- Calculate total distance from plain scale readings

- Discuss main units and sub-units on plain scales
- Understand zero mark positioning
- Learn about Representative Fraction (R.F)
- Create charts showing plain scale features
- Study plain scale showing distance between two points
- Practice reading main scale (part A)
- Practice reading sub-scale (part B)
- Calculate total distance by adding readings from both parts

How do we read and understand information on a plain scale?
How do we determine actual distances from a plain scale?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 43
- Drawing instruments
- Manila papers
- Markers
- Sample plain scales
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 44
- Plain scale examples
- Rulers
- Practice worksheets
- Digital devices

- Practical work - Observation - Charts assessment
- Written tests - Practical work - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Drawing figures to a given scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert actual measurements to drawing measurements
- Apply Representative Fraction (R.F) correctly
- Draw lengths to given scale accurately

- Learn to convert meters to centimeters
- Calculate drawing length using R.F formula
- Practice drawing lengths using different R.F values
- Complete exercises on scale drawing

How do we reduce large objects to fit on paper?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 46
- Drawing books
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Practice exercises

- Practical work - Written assignments - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Drawing plane figures to scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw rectangular shapes to scale
- Calculate both length and width using R.F
- Demonstrate accuracy in scale drawing

- Practice drawing rectangular football field to scale
- Calculate drawing length and width separately
- Draw school playground to given scale
- Complete multiple scale drawing exercises

How do we draw rectangular areas to scale?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 47
- Drawing instruments
- Graph paper
- Calculators
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Uses of plain scale drawing
Visual Programming - Meaning of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of plain scale drawing in work environment
- Explain importance of scale drawing in daily life
- Value the application of scale drawing in various fields

- Define visual programming
- Explain visual programming applications
- Show interest in learning visual programming

- Study plain figures showing scale applications (maps, land plans)
- Discuss uses of plain scale drawing
- Search for real-world applications of scale drawing
- Present findings on importance of scale drawing
- Study picture of learner using visual programming application
- Brainstorm on meaning of visual programming
- Discuss visual programming applications
- Share findings with other groups

How is plain scale drawing used in the community and workplace?
What is visual programming and how is it used?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 50
- Maps and plans
- Digital devices
- Career brochures
- Community resources
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 51
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Visual programming software
- Projector

- Oral presentations - Written tests - Observation
- Observation - Oral questions - Group discussions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Types of visual programming applications
Visual Programming - Examples of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify educational applications
- Describe multimedia applications
- Recognize video game applications

- Search for information on educational applications
- Research multimedia applications
- Explore video game applications
- Brainstorm on examples of visual programming applications

What types of applications can be created using visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 52
- Digital devices
- Internet connection
- Textbooks
- Application examples
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 53
- Computers/tablets
- Internet access
- Application icons
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Oral presentations - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Features of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify input features
- Recognize processing features
- Describe output and effects features

- Launch Scratch application with teacher guidance
- Identify features under input category
- Explore processing features
- Study output and effects (sound, animations, background)

What are the main features of visual programming applications?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 55
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Projector
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Peer review

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Input feature in visual programming
Visual Programming - Terminologies in visual programming (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use the Ask command from sensing blocks
- Enter information from keyboard
- Create meaningful input questions

- Define syntax in programming
- Explain variables
- Describe input and output statements

- Open Scratch application
- Use Ask command from sensing blocks
- Type questions for input
- Practice modifying input questions
- Test different input types (numbers, letters, words)
- Search for meanings of syntax, variables, input statements, output statements
- Discuss definitions with peers
- Write meanings in notebooks
- Share findings for peer review

How do we get information from users in a program?
What are the basic terms used in visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 56
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Internet access
- Practice worksheets
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Internet access
- Glossary worksheets

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment
- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Terminologies in visual programming (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain coding and coding blocks
- Define sequence statements
- Describe repeating statements
- Understand selection statements and variable declarations

- Research meanings of coding, coding blocks, sequence statements
- Study repeating statements (forever, repeat until, repeat 10)
- Learn about selection statements and variable declarations
- Complete terminology table in notebooks

How do we give instructions to computers using visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 58
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Reference materials
- Practice examples

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Peer review

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating sequential instructions (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Access Scratch online
- Navigate Scratch interface
- Identify Events blocks
- Use When flag clicked block

- Open Scratch using provided link
- Click Start Creating icon
- Close Tutorial Pane
- Explore Scratch interface
- Select Events and drag When flag clicked block

How do we start creating programs in Scratch?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 59
- Computers/tablets
- Internet access
- Scratch online platform
- Projector for demonstration

- Practical work - Observation - Teacher guidance

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating sequential instructions (Part 2)
Visual Programming - Animation project setup

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use Control blocks (Forever)
- Apply Motion blocks (move steps, bounce)
- Add Sound blocks
- Create simple animation sequence

- Identify backdrop and sprites icons
- Import backdrops
- Add sprites to projects
- Position sprites appropriately

- Select and drag Forever block from Control
- Add move 10 steps from Motion
- Insert Play sound meow from Sound
- Add If on edge, bounce block
- Set rotation style to left-right
- Test program by clicking green flag
- Open new Scratch project
- Identify backdrop icon and sprites icon
- Import brick wall backdrop (Wall 1)
- Select and add bat sprite
- Position bat sprite above ground

How do we make characters move and make sounds?
How do we set up the environment for animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 60
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Step-by-step guide
- Sample projects
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 61
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Internet connection
- Visual examples

- Practical work - Program functionality - Observation
- Practical work - Observation - Project setup

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating flying bat animation (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use Forever loop for continuous motion
- Apply motion blocks to sprite
- Add costume changes for animation effect

- Click Events and add When flag clicked
- Add Forever block from Control
- Insert move 10 steps inside Forever
- Add next costume from Looks
- Insert wait 1 sec from Control

How do we create continuous movement in animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 62
- Computers with Scratch
- Bat sprite
- Instruction guide
- Sample animations

- Practical work - Animation quality - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating flying bat animation (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Complete flying bat animation
- Test and debug animation
- Modify animation parameters

- Add If on edge, bounce from Motion
- Arrange all blocks in correct sequence
- Click green flag to test animation
- Observe bat flying and flapping wings
- Modify speed and wait time if needed

How do we test and improve our animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 63
- Computers/tablets
- Completed Scratch project
- Testing checklist
- Peer review forms

- Practical work - Program functionality - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies
Communication in Pre-Technical Studies
Materials for Production

Visual Programming - Creating own animation project
Visual Programming - Importance of visual programming
Composite Materials - Identifying composite materials in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan own animation project
- Select appropriate sprites and backdrops
- Apply learned programming blocks
- Create functional animation

- Explain importance of visual programming in daily life
- Identify careers using visual programming
- Value visual programming skills

- Plan animation idea
- Choose sprites and backdrop
- Apply sequence of blocks learned
- Add motion, sound, and effects
- Test and refine animation
- Present project to peers
- Discuss importance of visual programming
- Research careers using visual programming
- Share examples of visual programming applications in community
- Present findings in class
- Reflect on learning experience

How can we create our own unique animations?
Why is visual programming important in today's world?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 64
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Planning templates
- Project rubric
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 64
- Digital devices
- Career resources
- Internet access
- Presentation tools
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 63
- Pictures of composite materials
- Realia (concrete, bricks, manufactured boards)

- Project work - Presentation - Peer and self-assessment
- Oral presentations - Written reports - Self-reflection

Materials for Production

Composite Materials - Composition of composite materials
Composite Materials - Constituent materials of composites

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the composition of composite materials
- Identify constituent materials in composites
- Appreciate the combination of materials in composites

- Discuss and fill in constituent materials of composites
- Participate in group presentations
- Search for information on constituent materials using digital devices
- Study composition of concrete, bricks, papier-mâché, stone, manufactured boards

How are composite materials made?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 64
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Charts showing composite compositions
- Sample composite materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 65
- Print resources
- Internet link provided
- Reference books

- Written assignments - Practical work - Group presentations

Materials for Production

Composite Materials - Matching composite materials to their uses
Composite Materials - Uses in work environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Match composite materials to their uses
- Identify uses of composite materials in work environment
- Appreciate the importance of composite materials

- Match composite materials to their uses in notebooks
- Discuss uses of manufactured boards for furniture
- Study uses of plastic-coated paper for packaging
- Identify uses of concrete in construction
- Share work with classmates

How are composite materials used in different workplaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 67
- Charts showing composite uses
- Pictures of furniture and buildings
- Real composite items
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 68
- Pictures of work environments
- Charts showing sector applications
- Digital devices
- Video clips

- Practical work - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Composite Materials - Searching for information on uses
Composite Materials - Importance in the locality
Ceramic Materials - Identifying common ceramic materials
Ceramic Materials - Collecting ceramic items

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Research uses of composite materials
- Prepare charts showing types and uses
- Apply digital literacy skills in research

- Identify ceramic materials in the locality
- Name items made from ceramic materials
- Show interest in learning about ceramics

- Use digital devices to search for information on uses
- Watch video clips showing composite material applications
- Observe pictures and charts
- Find out uses of plastic-coated paper, chipboard, concrete
- Write reports on observations
- Study pictures of items made from ceramic materials
- Name items in each picture
- Discuss ceramic materials used to make items
- Name other ceramic items in locality
- Share findings with class

How can we find information about composite material uses?
What are ceramic materials and where do we find them?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 69
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Manila papers for charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 70
- Community resources
- Pictures of local structures
- Sample composite items
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 71
- Pictures of ceramic items
- Real ceramic items (pots, plates, tiles)
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 72
- Collection bags
- Notebooks for recording
- Storage boxes
- Safety gloves

- Chart assessment - Written reports - Practical work
- Observation - Oral questions - Practical identification

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Physical properties of ceramics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define physical properties
- Identify physical properties of ceramic materials
- Appreciate the unique properties of ceramics

- Brainstorm meaning of physical properties
- Discuss physical properties of ceramic materials
- Use print and digital media to search for properties
- Study pictures showing brittleness, fire resistance, heat resistance

What are the physical properties of ceramic materials?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 73
- Digital devices
- Print resources
- Pictures showing properties
- Sample ceramic items

- Observation - Written tests - Group discussions

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Investigating properties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate brittleness of ceramic materials
- Test fire resistance of ceramics
- Examine heat and water resistance
- Demonstrate safe investigation procedures

- Drop ceramic material from height to test brittleness
- Hold ceramic using tongs and place on flame
- Place pot over low flame to test heat resistance
- Place water inside glass to test water resistance
- Record observations

How can we test the properties of ceramic materials?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 74
- Ceramic items (glass, pots)
- Water
- Source of heat
- Tongs
- Safety equipment

- Practical work - Observation - Written reports - Safety compliance

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Understanding properties
Ceramic Materials - Uses in work environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain brittleness of ceramics
- Describe fire, heat, water and corrosion resistance
- Value the properties of ceramic materials

- Match ceramic materials to their uses
- Identify uses of ceramics in different sectors
- Prepare charts showing types and uses
- Appreciate ceramic material applications

- Study explanations of basic properties
- Discuss brittleness and why ceramics break easily
- Learn about fire resistance in flames
- Understand corrosion resistance
- Discuss water and heat resistance applications
- Match ceramic items with uses in work environment
- Search for information on uses using digital resources
- Prepare chart showing types and uses
- Visit workplaces to identify ceramic materials
- Record findings in tables

Why do ceramic materials have these specific properties?
How are ceramic materials used in different workplaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 75
- Charts showing properties
- Sample ceramic items
- Pictures demonstrating properties
- Reference books
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 76
- Digital devices
- Manila papers for charts
- Workplace access
- Resource persons
- Sample ceramic items

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation
- Chart assessment - Practical work - Oral presentations - Written reports

Materials for Production
Tools and Production

Ceramic Materials - Importance in the locality
Cutting Tools - Identifying cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify importance of ceramic materials in locality
- Discuss uses in kitchen, construction, decoration
- Explain healthcare applications
- Value ceramic materials in daily life

- Study pictures of people making and using ceramics
- Identify ceramic materials shown
- Discuss importance in the locality
- Debate statement about ceramic importance
- Share with parents importance of ceramics at home

Why are ceramic materials important in our daily lives?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 78
- Pictures of ceramic uses
- Digital devices
- Debate guidelines
- Reference materials
- Community resources
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 80
- Pictures of cutting tools
- Real cutting tools (hacksaws, handsaws, chisels, planes, snips)
- Charts showing cutting tools

- Oral presentations - Written reports - Debate participation - Self-reflection

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Collecting and identifying cutting tools
Cutting Tools - Uses of hacksaws and handsaws

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect different cutting tools available in the locality
- Identify and write down names of cutting tools
- Store tools safely for later use

- Collect different cutting tools available in the locality under teacher guidance
- Identify and write down the names of the cutting tools
- Store the tools in a safe place

How should cutting tools be stored safely?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 81
- Various cutting tools from locality
- Storage containers
- Notebooks for recording
- Hacksaws and handsaws
- Metal rods, plastic pipes, wood pieces
- Pictures showing tool applications

- Practical work - Observation - Written records

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Uses of chisels and planes
Cutting Tools - Uses of snips, scrappers and other cutting tools
Cutting Tools - Selecting appropriate cutting tools
Cutting Tools - Using a handsaw safely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of chisels and their uses
- Explain the function of planes in woodwork
- Demonstrate responsibility in tool handling

- Select appropriate cutting tools for specific tasks
- Sort tools according to their uses
- Present findings in an organized manner

- Study wood chisels and cold chisels
- Discuss uses of chisels in cutting or shaping wood, metals or stone
- Learn about planes used to cut thin layers from timber
- Discuss types of planes (bench planes, block planes, specialty planes)
- Discuss the use of each cutting tool collected earlier
- Sort tools for cutting paper and fabric
- Sort tools for cutting wood, metallic rods, pipes and sheets
- Identify tools for stripping wire insulations
- Present findings in a table format

How do chisels and planes shape materials differently?
How do we select the right tool for a specific task?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 82
- Wood chisels and cold chisels
- Various types of planes
- Wood and metal samples
- Safety equipment
- Tin snips and aviation snips
- Scrappers
- Various knives
- Wire strippers
- Different types of cutters
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 83
- Previously collected cutting tools
- Classification charts
- Notebooks for recording
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 85
- Handsaws
- Pieces of timber
- Tape measure, try square, pencil
- Clamps
- Working surface
- Protective gear (gloves, goggles)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests
- Observation - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a hacksaw safely
Cutting Tools - Using a wood chisel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use a hacksaw to cut metal rods and plastic pipes
- Apply proper techniques when using a hacksaw
- Maintain control and safety while cutting

- Wear protective gear (gloves and overalls)
- Secure metal rod firmly in bench vice
- Mark cut line using a scriber
- Hold hacksaw properly and apply correct pressure
- Practice cutting metal rods and plastic pipes

How do we safely cut metal using a hacksaw?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 86
- Hacksaws
- Metal rods and plastic pipes
- Scriber
- Bench vice
- Working bench
- Protective gloves and overalls
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 88
- Wood chisels
- Pieces of timber
- Mallet
- Pencil and ruler
- Clamps
- Protective gloves and goggles

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using snips to cut metal sheets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use snips to cut metallic sheets
- Apply correct technique when using snips
- Cut safely away from the body

- Wear protective gloves
- Secure metallic sheet on flat working surface
- Measure and mark cut line using scriber and steel rule
- Hold snips correctly
- Open snips and align blades with cut line
- Practice cutting along the marked line

How do we use snips to cut metal sheets safely?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 89
- Tin snips or aviation snips
- Metallic sheets
- Scriber and steel rule
- Tape measure
- Protective gloves
- Working surface

- Practical work - Observation - Written tests

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using wire cutters
Cutting Tools - Using planes and scrappers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use wire cutters to cut wires of different sizes
- Hold wire cutters properly
- Observe safety when cutting wires

- Use a plane to smoothen and reduce timber thickness
- Use a scrapper to remove embedded dirt
- Apply proper techniques for each tool

- Identify and mark point on wire for cutting
- Hold wire cutter with dominant hand correctly
- Open handles to open blades
- Place wire between blades ensuring proper alignment
- Apply force to close blades and cut wire
- Practice cutting wires of different sizes
- Use jack plane to smoothen timber surface
- Practice reducing thickness of timber
- Wear protective gear (safety goggles)
- Use scrapper to remove embedded dirt from surfaces
- Hold scrapper at 30° angle
- Practice scraping different surfaces

How do we cut wires safely using wire cutters?
How do planes and scrappers prepare surfaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 91
- Wire cutters
- Wires of different sizes
- Marking tools
- Protective gloves
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 90
- Jack plane
- Scrappers
- Pieces of timber
- Surfaces with embedded dirt
- Safety goggles
- Protective gloves

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment
- Practical work - Observation - Safety compliance

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using wire strippers and knives

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use wire strippers to remove wire insulation
- Use utility knives to cut cardboard and paper
- Observe safety precautions with sharp tools

- Open jaws of wire stripper
- Place wire between jaws at correct distance from end
- Squeeze and rotate stripper to remove insulation
- Practice stripping and cutting wires
- Use utility knife to cut cardboard at 45° angle
- Store knife with blade retracted

How do we safely strip wires and cut with knives?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 92
- Wire strippers
- Insulated wires
- Utility/sliding knives
- Cardboard paper
- Ruler and pencil
- Protective gloves

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Caring for cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of caring for different cutting tools
- Explain maintenance procedures for each tool
- Demonstrate responsibility in tool care

- Study pictures showing ways of caring for cutting tools
- Discuss how tools are being cared for
- Use digital devices or print resources to search for ways of caring for cutting tools
- Discuss maintenance for hacksaws, handsaws, chisels, snips, cutters, planes, scrappers, strippers and knives

Why is it important to care for cutting tools?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 95
- Various cutting tools
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Tool maintenance materials
- Pictures of tool care

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Importance of cutting tools in the workplace
Computer Software - Meaning and examples of computer software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of cutting tools in work environment
- Prepare informative posters on cutting tools
- Value the role of cutting tools in various workplaces

- Define the term computer software
- Give examples of computer software
- Appreciate the role of software in computers

- Discuss the importance of cutting tools in the work environment
- Prepare posters providing information on importance of cutting tools
- Place posters at school workshop or Pre-Technical Studies corner
- Share findings with classmates
- Study pictures of different computer hardware performing tasks
- Identify activities taking place in each picture
- Brainstorm on the meaning of 'computer software'
- Use digital or printed resources to search for meaning and examples of computer software
- Learn about word processors, spreadsheets, presentation and desktop publishing

Why are cutting tools essential in workplaces?
What is computer software and why is it important?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 96
- Manila papers
- Markers and colors
- Pictures of cutting tools
- Reference materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 97
- Digital devices (computers, tablets)
- Pictures showing software use
- Internet access
- Reference books

- Observation - Poster assessment - Oral presentations
- Observation - Oral questions - Written notes

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Categories of computer software
Computer Software - Functions of word processors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify categories of computer software
- Distinguish between system software and application software
- Explain the role of operating systems

- Learn about system software and application software
- Discuss system software (operating systems like Microsoft Windows)
- Study application software (word processors, spreadsheets, presentations)
- Understand that system software runs in the background
- Learn that application software is user-oriented

How do system software and application software differ?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 99
- Computers with different software
- Microsoft Windows
- Examples of application software
- Digital devices
- Charts showing software categories
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 100
- Computer laboratory
- Microsoft Word software
- Sample documents
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Using Microsoft Word

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Start Microsoft Word application
- Create a new Word document
- Save and print Word documents

- Click Start button and select Microsoft Word
- Create a blank document
- Learn about Word window features (title bar, ribbon, status bar, quick access toolbar)
- Type text about computer software
- Practice saving document using "Save As"
- Learn to print documents

How do we create and save documents in Microsoft Word?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 101
- Computers with Microsoft Word
- Printers
- Practice documents
- Step-by-step guides

- Practical work - Observation - Saved documents assessment

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Functions of presentation software
Computer Software - Using Microsoft PowerPoint

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of presentation software
- Identify Microsoft PowerPoint as presentation software
- Create visual presentations for audiences

- Start Microsoft PowerPoint application
- Create a blank presentation
- Add text and new slides to presentations

- Learn about PowerPoint for creating visual presentations
- Discuss functions: creating presentations from templates, adding text, images, art and videos
- Study adding transitions, animations and cinematic motion
- Observe how presentations are used in different settings
- Click Start button and select PowerPoint
- Create blank presentation
- Learn about PowerPoint features (title bar, ribbon, thumbnail slides, placeholders)
- Click in title and subtitle placeholders to add text
- Practice adding new slides with different layouts
- Save presentation using "Save As"

What is presentation software used for?
How do we create presentations in PowerPoint?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 100
- Microsoft PowerPoint software
- Digital devices
- Sample presentations
- Projector (if available)
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 103
- Computers with Microsoft PowerPoint
- Practice presentation topics
- Step-by-step guides
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Practical work - Observation - Saved presentations assessment

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Saving and printing PowerPoint presentations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Save PowerPoint presentations with appropriate names
- Print presentations or selected slides
- Share presentations via email

- Practice saving presentations by clicking File then Save As
- Type presentation name and choose save location
- Learn to print all slides or selected slides
- Adjust print settings before printing
- Practice printing presentations or sharing via email

How do we save and share PowerPoint presentations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 107
- Computers with PowerPoint
- Printers
- Email access
- Sample presentations
- USB drives for saving

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Functions of spreadsheet software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of spreadsheet software
- Identify Microsoft Excel as spreadsheet software
- Understand how spreadsheets organize data

- Learn about spreadsheets arranged in rows and columns
- Discuss Microsoft Excel functions: creating charts and graphs, searching, sorting and calculating data
- Study data analysis and saving capabilities
- Understand spreadsheet applications in workplaces

What tasks can spreadsheet software perform?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 100
- Microsoft Excel software
- Sample spreadsheets with data
- Charts and graphs examples
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Using Microsoft Excel
Computer Software - Saving and printing Excel worksheets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Start Microsoft Excel application
- Enter data in Excel worksheets
- Navigate Excel features and cells

- Save Excel worksheets with appropriate names
- Print Excel worksheets
- Manage Excel files effectively

- Click Start button and select Microsoft Excel
- Create blank workbook
- Learn about Excel features (name box, formula bar, cells, rows, columns, worksheets)
- Practice entering data in cells
- Use arrow keys and enter key to navigate
- Practice entering numbers and text in different cells
- Practice saving worksheets by clicking File then Save As
- Select location and type file name
- Learn to print worksheets with print settings
- Practice creating, saving and printing a class project spreadsheet
- Store printed work in portfolio

How do we enter and organize data in Excel?
How do we save and print Excel worksheets?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 109
- Computers with Microsoft Excel
- Sample data for entry
- Step-by-step guides
- Practice worksheets
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 111
- Computers with Excel
- Printers
- Sample worksheets
- USB drives
- Portfolios for storing work

- Practical work - Observation - Data entry assessment
- Practical work - Observation - Saved files assessment

Tools and Production

Computer Software - Importance of application software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of application software in workplaces
- Identify benefits of using application software
- Appreciate the role of software in productivity

- Discuss importance in schools, companies, agriculture and sports
- Learn that software creates professional documents and presentations
- Understand software improves creativity and increases productivity
- Debate: "Without computer application software, it would be difficult to perform different tasks in our school"
- Prepare charts showing importance in various workplaces

Why is application software important in different workplaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 112
- Manila papers and markers
- Case studies of software use
- Reference materials
- Digital devices

- Observation - Debate participation - Chart assessment - Oral presentations