Tools and Production

Holding tools - Tools used in daily life
Holding tools - Selecting tools for tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify holding tools used in daily life
- Describe uses of different holding tools
- Show interest in learning about tools

- Study pictures of holding tools (pliers, clamps, tongs, clips, vice)
- Use visual aids or real objects to identify holding tools
- Draw and name holding tools
- Mention where tools are found in locality

What are holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Actual holding tools
- Pictures of tools
- Drawing paper
- Digital devices
- Various holding tools
- Task cards
- Selection guide
- Reference materials

- Observation - Drawings - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Uses of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of pliers, clamps, tongs, clips and vice
- Demonstrate understanding of tool applications
- Appreciate the importance of holding tools

- Study pictures showing people using holding tools
- Discuss uses of different holding tools
- Watch video on use of holding tools
- Fill table matching tools to uses

What are the uses of different holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Holding tools
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- Matching activity materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Matching activity - Video analysis

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Safe use of holding tools
Holding tools - Practical use

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe safe use of holding tools
- Use personal protective equipment appropriately
- Value safety when using tools

- Search for information on safe use of holding tools
- Watch video on safe tool use
- Discuss safety measures when using holding tools
- Demonstrate safe use of different holding tools

How can holding tools be used safely?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Holding tools
- Personal protective equipment
- Digital devices
- Safety posters
- Clips, pliers, clamps
- Drawing board, paper
- Wire, wood pieces

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Oral questions - Checklist

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Practical use continued

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use vice to hold wood while drilling
- Use tongs to hold hot materials
- Value precision when using tools

- Use vice to hold wood for drilling or cutting
- Use tongs to hold hot test tube or materials
- Use spanner to hold nut while tightening bolt
- Identify suitable tasks for each holding tool

How do you use vice, tongs and spanners?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Vice, tongs, spanners
- Wood pieces, nuts and bolts
- Drill (under supervision)
- PPE

- Practical work - Observation - Skills assessment - Safety compliance

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Caring for holding tools
Holding tools - Importance and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate care and maintenance of holding tools
- Clean and store tools properly
- Appreciate the need for tool maintenance

- Study pictures showing tool care and maintenance
- Dust off residue from tools
- Oil, grease or lubricate movable parts
- Tighten loose parts of tools

How should holding tools be cared for?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Holding tools
- Cleaning rags
- Oil/grease
- Storage containers
- Word search puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Holding tools for demonstration
- Self-reflection checklist

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Tools used in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify driving tools used in daily life
- Describe characteristics of driving tools
- Show interest in learning about driving tools

- Study pictures of driving tools (hammer, screwdriver, spanner, punch, mallet)
- Use visual aids or real objects to identify driving tools
- Discuss why they are called driving tools
- Mention where tools are found

What are driving tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Actual driving tools
- Pictures of tools
- Digital devices
- Tool identification chart

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Tool identification

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Selecting tools for tasks
Driving tools - Uses of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select driving tools for performing given tasks
- Explain factors to consider when selecting tools
- Value appropriate tool selection

- Study flashcards with tasks requiring driving tools
- Choose appropriate driving tool for each task
- Give reasons for tool selection
- Discuss nature of task and user safety

How do you select the right driving tool?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Various driving tools
- Task flashcards
- Selection criteria guide
- Reference materials
- Driving tools
- Pictures showing tool use
- Digital devices
- Video clips

- Oral questions - Written tests - Task analysis - Observation

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Uses continued

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of punches and spanners
- Match tools to their uses
- Value proper tool application

- Discuss uses of punches (driving nails beyond surface)
- Discuss uses of spanners (loosening/tightening nuts and bolts)
- Watch videos on tool use
- Create table matching tools to uses

How are punches and spanners used?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Punches and spanners
- Digital devices
- Video tutorials
- Matching activity cards

- Oral questions - Written tests - Matching activity - Video analysis

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Safe use of driving tools
Driving tools - Practical use

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe safe use of driving tools
- Demonstrate safety practices
- Show commitment to tool safety

- Search for information on safe use of driving tools
- Discuss safety measures when using driving tools
- Create skit demonstrating safe tool use
-

How are driving tools used?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Punches and spanners
- Digital devices
- Video tutorials
- Matching activity cards
- Hammers, mallets
- Nails, dowels, chisels
- Wood pieces
- Personal protective equipment

- Oral questions - Written tests - Matching activity - Video analysis

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Practical use continued

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use punch to make holes
- Use screwdriver to tighten screws
- Value precision in tool use

- Use punch to make holes in wood or metal
- Use screwdriver to tighten loose screws
- Use spanner to tighten bolts
- Identify tasks that require driving tools

How do you use punches, screwdrivers and spanners?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Punches, screwdrivers, spanners
- Screws, bolts, nuts
- Wood and metal pieces
- PPE

- Practical work - Observation - Skills assessment - Checklist

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Caring for driving tools
Driving tools - Importance and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Clean and maintain driving tools
- Store tools properly
- Appreciate importance of tool maintenance

- Study pictures showing tool care
- Clean residue from driving tools
- Check for loose parts and tighten them
- Store tools properly after use

How should driving tools be cared for?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Driving tools
- Cleaning materials
- Storage boxes
- Maintenance guide
- Crossword puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Checklist

Tools and Production

Project - Identifying problems in locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify problems in locality that can be solved using Pre-Technical Studies skills
- Record problems observed
- Show interest in problem-solving

- Tour different areas in locality with teacher
- Observe surroundings and activities
- Interact with people and ask about challenges
- Administer questionnaire on problems in locality

What problems exist in our locality?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Questionnaires
- Recording devices (cameras, notebooks)
- Interview guide
- Permission letters

- Observation - Field notes - Questionnaire responses - Oral presentations

Tools and Production

Project - Identifying problems continued
Project - Selecting problem to solve

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Record findings on problems identified
- Organize information about problems
- Value community engagement

- Record responses using table format
- Take photographs of areas visited (with permission)
- Note causes of problems
- Document attempted solutions

How can we document problems in the locality?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Cameras/smartphones
- Recording sheets
- Notebooks
- Data organization tools
- Problem list from field visit
- Skills inventory
- Selection criteria
- Discussion materials

- Field reports - Photographs - Organized data - Presentations

Tools and Production

Project - Presenting identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create presentation about identified problem
- Present findings effectively
- Value clear communication

- Use manila paper or presentation software
- Include: areas visited, problems identified, causes, selected problem, skills to be used
- Present to class
- Receive feedback

How can we present our findings effectively?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Manila paper/digital presentation tools
- Markers
- Projector (if available)
- Presentation rubrics

- Presentations - Oral questions - Peer feedback - Assessment rubrics

Tools and Production

Project - Searching for solutions
Project - Discussing possible solutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify possible solutions to the problem
- Research items that can solve the problem
- Show research skills

- Discuss how problem can be solved (handmade/digital items)
- Identify items that can solve the problem
- Use internet and textbooks to research solutions
- Record findings in table format

What items can solve the identified problem?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Digital devices with internet
- Reference textbooks
- Research templates
- Recording sheets
- Research findings
- Decision-making matrix
- Cost estimation tools
- Discussion guides

- Research notes - Tables completed - Oral presentations - Written reports

Tools and Production

Project - Sketching selected item

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch the selected item
- Find steps for making the item
- Show creativity in design

- Make freehand sketches of selected item
- Use digital devices or textbooks to find making steps
- Note down steps in sequence
- Refine sketches based on research

How should the item be designed?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Drawing paper
- Pencils and erasers
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Sketches - Step-by-step plans - Creativity assessment - Portfolio

Tools and Production

Project - Identifying materials and tools
Project - Collecting materials and tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify materials needed for the project
- Identify tools required
- Value resource planning

- Research materials and tools needed
- Make comprehensive list
- Identify sources in community
- Prioritize locally available materials

What materials and tools do we need?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Research materials
- Digital devices
- Material catalogs
- List templates
- Collection containers
- Transportation means
- Permission letters
- Safety equipment

- Materials list - Tools list - Source identification - Written reports

Tools and Production

Project - Making the item (Part 1)
Project - Making the item (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Begin making the designed item
- Follow safety procedures
- Show practical skills

- Put on appropriate safety gear
- Assemble materials and tools
- Inspect tools for good condition
- Begin following steps to make item

How do we start making our project item?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Collected materials
- Required tools
- Personal protective equipment
- Step-by-step guide
- Materials and tools
- PPE
- Expert assistance
- Progress checklist

- Practical work - Observation - Progress monitoring - Safety checklist

Tools and Production

Project - Making the item (Part 3)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Continue working on the project item
- Overcome challenges encountered
- Show determination

- Work on item following design specifications
- Address any challenges that arise
- Make adjustments as necessary
- Continue toward completion

How do we overcome project challenges?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Materials and tools
- PPE
- Problem-solving guides
- Teacher/expert support

- Practical work - Problem-solving - Progress monitoring - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Project - Making the item (Part 4)
Project - Completing the item

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Continue making the project item
- Refine work for quality
- Value quality workmanship

- Continue making the item
- Pay attention to details and quality
- Refine rough edges or imperfections
- Prepare for final stages

How can we ensure quality in our project?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Materials and tools
- PPE
- Quality checklist
- Finishing materials
- Cleaning materials
- Storage facilities
- Finishing supplies

- Practical work - Quality assessment - Observation - Progress review

Tools and Production

Project - Estimating costs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Estimate cost of making the item
- Calculate selling price
- Show financial literacy

- List all expenses incurred in making item
- Calculate total cost
- Determine appropriate profit margin
- Calculate selling price (Cost + Profit)

How do we determine the price of our item?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Expense records
- Calculator
- Pricing formula
- Market research data

- Cost calculations - Price determination - Written reports - Oral explanations

Tools and Production

Project - Presenting the item
Project - Using item to solve problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present completed item to class
- Explain how item solves the problem
- Value peer feedback

- Present item to whole class
- Describe problem it solves
- Explain making process
- Receive comments from classmates

How does our item solve the identified problem?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Completed project item
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms
- Assessment rubrics
- Project item
- Evaluation tools
- Documentation materials

- Presentations - Peer feedback - Oral questions - Project assessment

Tools and Production

Project - Reflection and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Reflect on project experience
- Identify skills acquired
- Value project-based learning

- Share experiences from project work
- Discuss challenges faced and overcome
- Identify skills developed
- Complete self-reflection activities

What did we learn from the project?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Self-reflection checklist
- Project journals
- Assessment rubrics
- Feedback compilation

- Self-reflection - Peer assessment - Portfolio review - Written reflection

Tools and Production
Entrepreneurship

Project - Review and consolidation
Financial services - Financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain project development process
- Demonstrate acquired skills
- Appreciate community problem-solving

- Review project from problem identification to solution
- Discuss lessons learned
- Share successes and challenges
- Celebrate achievements

How can Pre-Technical Studies skills solve community problems?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Project documentation
- Completed items
- Reflection materials
- Celebration materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 160
- Digital devices
- Pictures of banks and SACCOs
- Financial institution brochures
- Reference materials

- Comprehensive review - Demonstrations - Oral presentations - Portfolio assessment

Entrepreneurship

Financial services - Classification of financial institutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify financial institutions as banking or non-banking
- Explain differences between classifications
- Appreciate financial sector organization

- Study learner's presentation on classification
- Discuss banking financial institutions
- Discuss non-banking financial institutions
- Complete table describing each classification

How are financial institutions classified in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 160
- Classification chart
- Examples of institutions
- Digital devices
- Comparison table

- Written tests - Table completion - Oral questions - Discussions

Entrepreneurship

Financial services - Services offered
Financial services - Services by other institutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain services offered by banks
- Describe banking services
- Value financial literacy

- Search for information on services offered by banks
- Study case study on Mr. Mwakazi and his wife
- Discuss deposit acceptance, loans, money transfer
- Learn about investment and foreign exchange services

What services do banks offer?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 160
- Digital devices
- Case study materials
- Bank brochures
- Reference materials
- Presentation materials
- Service comparison chart
- Manila paper

- Oral questions - Written tests - Case study analysis - Discussions

Government and business

Reasons for government involvement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain reasons for government involvement in business
- Discuss benefits of government participation
- Appreciate government's economic role

- Study pictures showing government services
- Brainstorm reasons for government involvement
- Discuss flashcards on government participation
- Give examples for each reason

Why is the government involved in business?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 169
- Pictures of public services
- Flashcards
- Digital devices
- Discussion guides

- Oral questions - Written tests - Presentations - Discussions

Entrepreneurship

Government and business - Ways of involvement
Government and business - Training and development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ways government gets involved in business
- Explain regulations, licensing and quality standards
- Value government oversight

- Study pictures showing government closing businesses
- Discuss regulations imposed on businesses
- Learn about licensing requirements
- Discuss quality standards enforcement

How does government get involved in business?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 169
- Pictures showing enforcement
- Licensing examples
- Quality standards documents
- Digital devices
- Examples of training institutions
- Trade policy documents
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Case discussions - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Government and business - Types of taxes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning and importance of taxes
- Identify types of taxes in Kenya
- Value tax payment

- Study pictures of public facilities
- Discuss meaning and importance of paying taxes
- Search for information on types of taxes
- Learn about income tax, VAT, corporate tax

What is tax and why is it important?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 169
- Pictures of public facilities
- Digital devices
- Tax information materials
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Discussions - Research notes

Entrepreneurship

Government and business - Types of taxes continued
Government and business - e-Government services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain excise duty and PAYE
- Describe current tax rates
- Show understanding of taxation system

- Discuss excise duty on specific goods
- Learn about Pay As You Earn (PAYE)
- Find out current rates of each tax type
- Complete word search on government and business

What are the different types of taxes in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 169
- Tax rate information
- Digital devices
- Word search puzzles
- KRA materials
- Case study materials
- E-Government platform access
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Word search completion - Oral questions - Research reports

Entrepreneurship

Government and business - Accessing e-Government

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Access e-Government platforms
- Navigate e-Citizen and other platforms
- Show digital literacy

- Access e-Citizen website with teacher guidance
- Explore services offered
- Visit iTax platform
- Navigate Huduma Kenya website

How can we access e-Government services?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 169
- Computers/smartphones
- Internet connection
- E-Government platforms
- Navigation guide

- Practical work - Observation - Navigation skills - Written reports

Entrepreneurship

Government and business - Review and compliance
Business plan - Importance in entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain importance of complying with regulations
- Review government involvement in business
- Value regulatory compliance

- Discuss need to comply with government regulations
- Review key concepts on government and business
- Complete assessment activities
- Reflect on learning

Why should businesses comply with government regulations?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 169
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Case scenarios
- Regulation examples
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 180
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- Sample business plans
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Discussions

Entrepreneurship

Business plan - Components

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of a business plan
- Explain executive summary and business description
- Appreciate business plan structure

- Study chart showing business plan components
- Read case studies on business plan components
- Discuss executive summary and business description
- Study sample business plan sections

What are the components of a business plan?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 180
- Business plan samples
- Case study materials
- Chart of components
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written tests - Case study analysis - Component identification