Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Application areas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of visual programming
- Identify application areas of visual programming
- Show interest in learning about visual programming

- Use print or digital media to search for information on visual programming
- Discuss application areas of visual programming software
- Study pictures showing mobile and web applications
- Brainstorm on uses of visual programming

What is visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures of applications
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Research notes

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Application areas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe mobile programming
- Explain web development
- Appreciate the importance of visual programming in daily life

- Study images showing mobile applications
- Identify and name mobile applications
- Discuss how applications are used to perform tasks
- Learn about mobile programming and web development

How are mobile and web applications developed?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Smartphones/tablets
- Digital devices
- Examples of mobile apps
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Examples of games and educational tools

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests - Group discussions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Installing and familiarising with Scratch
Visual programming - Familiarising with Scratch

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Download and install Scratch program
- Identify features of Scratch interface
- Show willingness to learn visual programming

- Follow steps to download and install Scratch
- Open and explore Scratch interface
- Identify instruction area, script area, stage and execution buttons
- Click on categories to explore commands

How do you install and use Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers/laptops
- Internet connection
- Scratch software
- Installation guide
- Computers with Scratch installed
- Digital projector
- Practice activities
- Reference guide

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating a clicker game
Visual programming - Creating interactive stories

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a simple clicker game using Scratch
- Select appropriate backdrop and sprite
- Show creativity in game development

- Choose backdrop and sprite for the game
- Create variable for score
- Drag and drop blocks to create script
- Test the game and make improvements

How can you create a clicker game in Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Sample games
- Step-by-step guide
- Project files
- Debugging guide
- Assessment rubrics
- Video tutorials
- Storyboard templates

- Practical work - Observation - Portfolio - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating interactive stories
Visual programming - Creating music

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Flip character direction in stories
- Insert text for characters to say
- Appreciate the use of visual programming in storytelling

- Position characters correctly using flip horizontal
- Insert conversation for each character using looks block
- Switch backdrops to show different parts of story
- Hide and show characters appropriately

How can characters interact in a Scratch story?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Sample stories
- Character sprites
- Backdrop images
- Speakers/headphones
- Musical instrument sprites
- Sound library

- Practical work - Observation - Creativity assessment - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating own interactive story
Visual programming - Creating animations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Develop original interactive story
- Identify appropriate blocks for story creation
- Value creativity in programming

- Come up with original story
- Choose suitable backdrop and characters
- Arrange blocks logically to create story
- Run script to watch the story
- Share story with classmates

How can you create your own interactive story?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Flashcards for planning
- Story templates
- Assessment rubrics
- Animation examples
- Sprite library
- Tutorial videos

- Practical work - Portfolio - Presentations - Peer feedback

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Advanced animations
Visual programming - Exploring Scratch tutorials
Visual programming - Using visual programming in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create animations with multiple sprites
- Add scoring system to animations
- Appreciate complex programming

- Add multiple sprites to animation
- Create scripts for sprite interactions
- Add score variable
- Make sprites respond to each other
- Debug and improve animation

How can multiple sprites interact in animations?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Complex animation examples
- Debugging guide
- Assessment tools
- Internet access
- Tutorial guides
- Learning journal
- Case study materials
- Examples of educational games
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Problem-solving - Portfolio - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies
Materials for Production

Visual programming - Assessment project
Wood - Classification according to physical characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create application to solve a problem
- Apply visual programming skills learned
- Demonstrate competence in visual programming

- Identify a problem that can be solved using visual programming
- Design application (game, story or animation)
- Develop application using Scratch
- Test application and make improvements
- Present application to class

How can you use visual programming to solve problems?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Project planning templates
- Assessment rubrics
- Presentation tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Digital devices
- Wood samples
- Checklist
- Pictures of trees

- Practical project - Presentations - Portfolio - Assessment rubrics

Materials for Production

Wood - Classification and characteristics
Wood - Preparation: Conversion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain characteristics of softwood and hardwood
- Give examples of softwood and hardwood trees
- Appreciate the diversity of wood types

- Discuss physical characteristics of softwood (narrow leaves, light bark, evergreen)
- Discuss physical characteristics of hardwood (broad leaves, dark bark, deciduous)
- Give examples of each type
- Create comparison chart

How do softwood and hardwood differ?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Wood samples
- Pictures of trees
- Comparison chart
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Pictures of sawmills
- Diagrams showing conversion methods
- Video clips

- Written tests - Oral questions - Charts - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation: Conversion methods
Wood - Preparation: Seasoning
Wood - Preparation: Seasoning methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between plain sawing and quarter sawing
- Draw diagrams of conversion methods
- Value different wood preparation techniques

- Study diagrams of plain sawing method
- Study diagrams of quarter sawing method
- Discuss advantages of each method
- Draw images representing each conversion method

What are the methods of wood conversion?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Drawing paper
- Diagrams of conversion
- Wood samples showing different cuts
- Reference materials
- Pictures of air seasoning
- Pictures of kiln
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- Comparison chart
- Pictures of seasoning facilities

- Practical work - Drawings - Oral questions - Written tests

Materials for Production

Wood - Types and their uses
Wood - Uses in various trades

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate types of wood to their uses
- Explain uses of wood in different trades
- Value the importance of wood

- Brainstorm on uses of wood in the community
- Match wood types to their uses
- Study pictures showing items made of wood
- Discuss best wood types for different purposes

What are the uses of wood in the community?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Pictures of wood products
- Wood samples
- Matching activity cards
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Pictures from magazines
- Glue and scissors

- Oral questions - Written tests - Matching activity - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Importance in daily life
Wood - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain importance of wood in daily life
- Discuss wood as renewable resource
- Show commitment to environmental conservation

- Name wooden items in environment
- Discuss importance of wood (fuel source, building material, decoration)
- Learn about carbon storage in wood
- Discuss sustainable use of wood

Why is wood important in our daily life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Wooden items
- Digital devices
- Environmental conservation posters
- Reference materials
- Crossword puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Wood samples

- Oral questions - Written tests - Discussions - Environmental awareness

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Waste materials in the environment
Handling waste materials - Types of waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify waste materials found in the environment
- Classify waste materials by type
- Show awareness of waste in locality

- Walk around school compound to identify waste materials
- Study pictures showing different types of waste
- List waste materials observed
- Discuss sources of waste materials

What waste materials are found in the environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Pictures of waste materials
- Garbage bags
- Gloves
- Digital devices
- Samples of waste materials
- Classification chart
- Pictures

- Observation - Oral questions - Lists - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Safe ways of handling
Handling waste materials - Reusing and recycling
Handling waste materials - Composting, burning and reducing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe safe ways of handling waste materials
- Explain reusing, recycling and composting
- Show commitment to proper waste handling

- Use print or digital media to search for safe handling methods
- Discuss safe ways of handling waste (reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, burn)
- Study pictures showing waste handling methods
- Read instructions on handling hazardous waste

How should waste materials be handled safely?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing waste handling
- Safety equipment
- Reference materials
- Reusable waste items
- Recycled products
- Sorting bins
- Pictures
- Compost bin
- Pictures of waste disposal

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussions

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Disposing waste safely
Handling waste materials - Need for proper handling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Practice safe disposal of waste materials
- Use appropriate personal protective equipment
- Value cleanliness and environmental health

- Collect waste materials from school compound wearing PPE
- Sort waste appropriately
- Dispose waste properly under teacher guidance
- Wash hands thoroughly after activity

How do you safely dispose of waste materials?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Personal protective equipment (gloves, masks, boots)
- Garbage bags/containers
- Soap and water
- Sorting bins
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing clean environments
- Reference materials
- Community visit notes

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Safety compliance

Materials for Production
Tools and Production

Handling waste materials - Review and assessment
Holding tools - Tools used in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and classify waste materials
- Explain safe handling and disposal methods
- Demonstrate proper waste management

- Review key concepts on waste materials
- Complete assessment activities
- Discuss case scenarios on waste management
- Reflect on learning progress

How should waste materials be handled in the environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Case study materials
- Waste samples
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Actual holding tools
- Pictures of tools
- Drawing paper
- Digital devices

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Selecting tools for tasks
Holding tools - Uses of holding tools
Holding tools - Safe use of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select holding tools for performing given tasks
- Explain factors to consider when selecting tools
- Value appropriate tool selection

- Discuss uses of different types of holding tools
- Choose holding tools for different tasks
- Study scenarios requiring different holding tools
- Explain reasons for tool selection

How do you select the right holding tool for a task?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Various holding tools
- Task cards
- Selection guide
- Reference materials
- Holding tools
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- Matching activity materials
- Personal protective equipment
- Safety posters

- Oral questions - Written tests - Practical selection - Observation

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Practical use
Holding tools - Practical use continued

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use clips to hold drawing paper
- Use pliers to hold and twist wire
- Show competence in using holding tools

- Practice using clips on drawing board
- Use pliers to twist wire into different shapes
- Use clamp to hold wood or metal on surface
- Perform tasks with appropriate holding tools

How do you use different holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Clips, pliers, clamps
- Drawing board, paper
- Wire, wood pieces
- Personal protective equipment
- Vice, tongs, spanners
- Wood pieces, nuts and bolts
- Drill (under supervision)
- PPE

- Practical work - Observation - Skills demonstration - Checklist

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Caring for holding tools
Holding tools - Importance and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate care and maintenance of holding tools
- Clean and store tools properly
- Appreciate the need for tool maintenance

- Study pictures showing tool care and maintenance
- Dust off residue from tools
- Oil, grease or lubricate movable parts
- Tighten loose parts of tools

How should holding tools be cared for?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Holding tools
- Cleaning rags
- Oil/grease
- Storage containers
- Word search puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Holding tools for demonstration
- Self-reflection checklist

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Tools used in daily life
Driving tools - Selecting tools for tasks
Driving tools - Uses of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify driving tools used in daily life
- Describe characteristics of driving tools
- Show interest in learning about driving tools

- Study pictures of driving tools (hammer, screwdriver, spanner, punch, mallet)
- Use visual aids or real objects to identify driving tools
- Discuss why they are called driving tools
- Mention where tools are found

What are driving tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Actual driving tools
- Pictures of tools
- Digital devices
- Tool identification chart
- Various driving tools
- Task flashcards
- Selection criteria guide
- Reference materials
- Driving tools
- Pictures showing tool use
- Video clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Tool identification

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Uses continued
Driving tools - Safe use of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of punches and spanners
- Match tools to their uses
- Value proper tool application

- Discuss uses of punches (driving nails beyond surface)
- Discuss uses of spanners (loosening/tightening nuts and bolts)
- Watch videos on tool use
- Create table matching tools to uses

How are punches and spanners used?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Punches and spanners
- Digital devices
- Video tutorials
- Matching activity cards

- Oral questions - Written tests - Matching activity - Video analysis

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Practical use
Driving tools - Practical use continued
Driving tools - Caring for driving tools
Driving tools - Importance and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use hammer to drive nails
- Use mallet to drive dowels
- Show competence in using driving tools

- Practice using hammer to repair furniture
- Use mallet to drive dowels into wood pieces
- Use mallet to drive chisel while making mortise
- Observe safety precautions

How do you use hammers and mallets?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Hammers, mallets
- Nails, dowels, chisels
- Wood pieces
- Personal protective equipment
- Punches, screwdrivers, spanners
- Screws, bolts, nuts
- Wood and metal pieces
- PPE
- Driving tools
- Cleaning materials
- Storage boxes
- Maintenance guide
- Crossword puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist

- Practical work - Observation - Skills demonstration - Safety checklist