Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Application areas
Visual programming - Application areas
Visual programming - Installing and familiarising with Scratch

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of visual programming
- Identify application areas of visual programming
- Show interest in learning about visual programming

- Explain game development using visual programming
- Describe educational tools created with visual programming
- Show interest in creating applications

- Use print or digital media to search for information on visual programming
- Discuss application areas of visual programming software
- Study pictures showing mobile and web applications
- Brainstorm on uses of visual programming
- Discuss game development and educational tools
- Study examples of games and educational software
- Learn about visual programming in robotics and animation
- Watch videos on application development

What is visual programming?
What are the application areas of visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures of applications
- Reference materials
- Smartphones/tablets
- Examples of mobile apps
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Examples of games and educational tools
- Computers/laptops
- Internet connection
- Scratch software
- Installation guide

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Research notes
- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Research presentation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Familiarising with Scratch

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain features of Scratch interface
- Use drag-and-drop to create simple scripts
- Appreciate visual programming interface

- Study Scratch interface components
- Click categories and explore commands
- Practice using motion and looks commands
- Change numbers in commands to observe effects on sprites

What are the features of Scratch interface?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch installed
- Digital projector
- Practice activities
- Reference guide

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Checklist

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating a clicker game

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a simple clicker game using Scratch
- Select appropriate backdrop and sprite
- Show creativity in game development

- Choose backdrop and sprite for the game
- Create variable for score
- Drag and drop blocks to create script
- Test the game and make improvements

How can you create a clicker game in Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Sample games
- Step-by-step guide
- Project files
- Debugging guide
- Assessment rubrics

- Practical work - Observation - Portfolio - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating interactive stories
Visual programming - Creating music
Visual programming - Creating own interactive story

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create an interactive story using Scratch
- Add characters and dialogues
- Show creativity in storytelling

- Create music using Scratch
- Use sound blocks effectively
- Show appreciation for digital music creation

- Watch video on developing stories in Scratch
- Choose backdrop and characters for story
- Make characters say something using scripts
- Add multiple characters to the story
- Delete default sprite and choose musical instrument
- Create script to play sound
- Add drum beats using drum sprite
- Create beatbox sounds with microphone sprite

How can you create interactive stories in Scratch?
How can you create music in Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Video tutorials
- Storyboard templates
- Sample stories
- Character sprites
- Backdrop images
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Speakers/headphones
- Musical instrument sprites
- Sound library
- Flashcards for planning
- Story templates
- Assessment rubrics

- Practical work - Portfolio - Presentations - Observation
- Practical work - Observation - Audio output quality - Creativity

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating animations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create simple animations using Scratch
- Make sprites glide and move with arrow keys
- Show interest in animation development

- Choose backdrop and character for animation
- Create script to make character fly
- Create script to move sprite with arrow keys
- Add scenery that moves
- Test and refine animation

How can you create animations in Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Animation examples
- Sprite library
- Tutorial videos

- Practical work - Observation - Portfolio - Creativity assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Advanced animations
Visual programming - Exploring Scratch tutorials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create animations with multiple sprites
- Add scoring system to animations
- Appreciate complex programming

- Add multiple sprites to animation
- Create scripts for sprite interactions
- Add score variable
- Make sprites respond to each other
- Debug and improve animation

How can multiple sprites interact in animations?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Complex animation examples
- Debugging guide
- Assessment tools
- Internet access
- Tutorial guides
- Learning journal

- Practical work - Problem-solving - Portfolio - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies
Materials for Production

Visual programming - Using visual programming in daily life
Visual programming - Assessment project
Wood - Classification according to physical characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how visual programming helps solve problems
- Identify applications of visual programming in daily life
- Embrace the use of visual programming

- Classify wood as softwood or hardwood
- Identify physical characteristics of different wood types
- Show interest in learning about wood

- Study case scenario on using visual programming to solve problems
- Discuss how visual programming helps in daily life
- Identify ways to use visual programming skills
- Create educational games and learning tools
- Take a walk around school/community to identify trees
- Observe physical characteristics of each tree
- Use checklist to sort wood as softwood or hardwood
- Use print or digital media to search for types of wood

Why is visual programming important in day-to-day life?
What are the types of wood available?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Case study materials
- Examples of educational games
- Reference materials
- Project planning templates
- Assessment rubrics
- Presentation tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Digital devices
- Wood samples
- Checklist
- Pictures of trees

- Oral questions - Written tests - Discussions - Practical examples
- Observation - Oral questions - Checklist - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Wood - Classification and characteristics
Wood - Preparation: Conversion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain characteristics of softwood and hardwood
- Give examples of softwood and hardwood trees
- Appreciate the diversity of wood types

- Discuss physical characteristics of softwood (narrow leaves, light bark, evergreen)
- Discuss physical characteristics of hardwood (broad leaves, dark bark, deciduous)
- Give examples of each type
- Create comparison chart

How do softwood and hardwood differ?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Wood samples
- Pictures of trees
- Comparison chart
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Pictures of sawmills
- Diagrams showing conversion methods
- Video clips

- Written tests - Oral questions - Charts - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation: Conversion methods
Wood - Preparation: Seasoning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between plain sawing and quarter sawing
- Draw diagrams of conversion methods
- Value different wood preparation techniques

- Study diagrams of plain sawing method
- Study diagrams of quarter sawing method
- Discuss advantages of each method
- Draw images representing each conversion method

What are the methods of wood conversion?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Drawing paper
- Diagrams of conversion
- Wood samples showing different cuts
- Reference materials
- Pictures of air seasoning
- Pictures of kiln
- Digital devices
- Video clips

- Practical work - Drawings - Oral questions - Written tests

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation: Seasoning methods
Wood - Types and their uses
Wood - Uses in various trades

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare natural and artificial seasoning
- Explain why wood needs to be seasoned
- Show understanding of wood preparation

- Identify uses of wood in construction, furniture making, and other trades
- Create charts matching wood to uses
- Appreciate versatility of wood

- Discuss advantages of each seasoning method
- Learn how moisture is reduced in timber
- Study differences between air and kiln seasoning
- Visit relevant work environment to observe seasoning
- Use print or digital media to find uses of wood in trades
- Visit locality to explore uses of wood
- Discuss wood in construction, furniture, music, sports
- Create photomontage or chart showing uses

Why is it necessary to season wood?
How is wood used in different trades?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Comparison chart
- Digital devices
- Pictures of seasoning facilities
- Reference materials
- Pictures of wood products
- Wood samples
- Matching activity cards
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Pictures from magazines
- Glue and scissors

- Written tests - Oral questions - Field observation - Charts
- Charts/posters - Oral presentations - Written tests - Creativity assessment

Materials for Production

Wood - Importance in daily life
Wood - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain importance of wood in daily life
- Discuss wood as renewable resource
- Show commitment to environmental conservation

- Name wooden items in environment
- Discuss importance of wood (fuel source, building material, decoration)
- Learn about carbon storage in wood
- Discuss sustainable use of wood

Why is wood important in our daily life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Wooden items
- Digital devices
- Environmental conservation posters
- Reference materials
- Crossword puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Wood samples

- Oral questions - Written tests - Discussions - Environmental awareness

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Waste materials in the environment
Handling waste materials - Types of waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify waste materials found in the environment
- Classify waste materials by type
- Show awareness of waste in locality

- Walk around school compound to identify waste materials
- Study pictures showing different types of waste
- List waste materials observed
- Discuss sources of waste materials

What waste materials are found in the environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Pictures of waste materials
- Garbage bags
- Gloves
- Digital devices
- Samples of waste materials
- Classification chart
- Pictures

- Observation - Oral questions - Lists - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Safe ways of handling
Handling waste materials - Reusing and recycling
Handling waste materials - Composting, burning and reducing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe safe ways of handling waste materials
- Explain reusing, recycling and composting
- Show commitment to proper waste handling

- Explain reusing waste materials
- Explain recycling waste materials
- Value waste as a resource

- Use print or digital media to search for safe handling methods
- Discuss safe ways of handling waste (reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, burn)
- Study pictures showing waste handling methods
- Read instructions on handling hazardous waste
- Discuss examples of reusing waste (tins for storage, newspapers for wrapping)
- Discuss examples of recycling (paper to tissue, glass to bottles, iron to steel)
- Study pictures showing reused and recycled items
- Practice sorting waste for recycling

How should waste materials be handled safely?
How can waste materials be reused and recycled?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing waste handling
- Safety equipment
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Reusable waste items
- Recycled products
- Sorting bins
- Pictures
- Compost bin
- Pictures of waste disposal
- Digital devices
- Safety equipment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussions
- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Project

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Disposing waste safely
Handling waste materials - Need for proper handling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Practice safe disposal of waste materials
- Use appropriate personal protective equipment
- Value cleanliness and environmental health

- Collect waste materials from school compound wearing PPE
- Sort waste appropriately
- Dispose waste properly under teacher guidance
- Wash hands thoroughly after activity

How do you safely dispose of waste materials?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Personal protective equipment (gloves, masks, boots)
- Garbage bags/containers
- Soap and water
- Sorting bins
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing clean environments
- Reference materials
- Community visit notes

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Safety compliance

Materials for Production
Tools and Production

Handling waste materials - Review and assessment
Holding tools - Tools used in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and classify waste materials
- Explain safe handling and disposal methods
- Demonstrate proper waste management

- Review key concepts on waste materials
- Complete assessment activities
- Discuss case scenarios on waste management
- Reflect on learning progress

How should waste materials be handled in the environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Case study materials
- Waste samples
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Actual holding tools
- Pictures of tools
- Drawing paper
- Digital devices

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Selecting tools for tasks
Holding tools - Uses of holding tools
Holding tools - Safe use of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select holding tools for performing given tasks
- Explain factors to consider when selecting tools
- Value appropriate tool selection

- Explain uses of pliers, clamps, tongs, clips and vice
- Demonstrate understanding of tool applications
- Appreciate the importance of holding tools

- Discuss uses of different types of holding tools
- Choose holding tools for different tasks
- Study scenarios requiring different holding tools
- Explain reasons for tool selection
- Study pictures showing people using holding tools
- Discuss uses of different holding tools
- Watch video on use of holding tools
- Fill table matching tools to uses

How do you select the right holding tool for a task?
What are the uses of different holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Various holding tools
- Task cards
- Selection guide
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Holding tools
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- Matching activity materials
- Personal protective equipment
- Safety posters

- Oral questions - Written tests - Practical selection - Observation
- Oral questions - Written tests - Matching activity - Video analysis

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Practical use
Holding tools - Practical use continued

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use clips to hold drawing paper
- Use pliers to hold and twist wire
- Show competence in using holding tools

- Practice using clips on drawing board
- Use pliers to twist wire into different shapes
- Use clamp to hold wood or metal on surface
- Perform tasks with appropriate holding tools

How do you use different holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Clips, pliers, clamps
- Drawing board, paper
- Wire, wood pieces
- Personal protective equipment
- Vice, tongs, spanners
- Wood pieces, nuts and bolts
- Drill (under supervision)
- PPE

- Practical work - Observation - Skills demonstration - Checklist

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Caring for holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate care and maintenance of holding tools
- Clean and store tools properly
- Appreciate the need for tool maintenance

- Study pictures showing tool care and maintenance
- Dust off residue from tools
- Oil, grease or lubricate movable parts
- Tighten loose parts of tools

How should holding tools be cared for?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Holding tools
- Cleaning rags
- Oil/grease
- Storage containers

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Holding tools - Importance and assessment
Driving tools - Tools used in daily life
Driving tools - Selecting tools for tasks
Driving tools - Uses of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain importance of holding tools
- Complete word search on holding tools
- Demonstrate competence in tool use

- Select driving tools for performing given tasks
- Explain factors to consider when selecting tools
- Value appropriate tool selection

- Discuss importance of holding tools in daily life
- Share experiences on using holding tools
- Complete word search activity
- Review key concepts and assess learning
- Study flashcards with tasks requiring driving tools
- Choose appropriate driving tool for each task
- Give reasons for tool selection
- Discuss nature of task and user safety

Why are holding tools important?
How do you select the right driving tool?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 113
- Word search puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Holding tools for demonstration
- Self-reflection checklist
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Actual driving tools
- Pictures of tools
- Digital devices
- Tool identification chart
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Various driving tools
- Task flashcards
- Selection criteria guide
- Reference materials
- Driving tools
- Pictures showing tool use
- Digital devices
- Video clips

- Written tests - Word search - Self-reflection - Practical assessment
- Oral questions - Written tests - Task analysis - Observation

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Uses continued
Driving tools - Safe use of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of punches and spanners
- Match tools to their uses
- Value proper tool application

- Discuss uses of punches (driving nails beyond surface)
- Discuss uses of spanners (loosening/tightening nuts and bolts)
- Watch videos on tool use
- Create table matching tools to uses

How are punches and spanners used?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Punches and spanners
- Digital devices
- Video tutorials
- Matching activity cards

- Oral questions - Written tests - Matching activity - Video analysis

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Practical use

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use hammer to drive nails
- Use mallet to drive dowels
- Show competence in using driving tools

- Practice using hammer to repair furniture
- Use mallet to drive dowels into wood pieces
- Use mallet to drive chisel while making mortise
- Observe safety precautions

How do you use hammers and mallets?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Hammers, mallets
- Nails, dowels, chisels
- Wood pieces
- Personal protective equipment

- Practical work - Observation - Skills demonstration - Safety checklist

Tools and Production

Driving tools - Practical use continued
Driving tools - Caring for driving tools
Driving tools - Importance and assessment
Project - Identifying problems in locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use punch to make holes
- Use screwdriver to tighten screws
- Value precision in tool use

- Explain importance of driving tools
- Complete crossword puzzle on tools
- Demonstrate understanding of driving tools

- Use punch to make holes in wood or metal
- Use screwdriver to tighten loose screws
- Use spanner to tighten bolts
- Identify tasks that require driving tools
- Discuss importance of driving tools in daily life
- Complete crossword puzzle activity
- Review key concepts on driving tools
- Reflect on learning progress

How do you use punches, screwdrivers and spanners?
Why are driving tools important in daily life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Punches, screwdrivers, spanners
- Screws, bolts, nuts
- Wood and metal pieces
- PPE
- Driving tools
- Cleaning materials
- Storage boxes
- Maintenance guide
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 133
- Crossword puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Driving tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Questionnaires
- Recording devices (cameras, notebooks)
- Interview guide
- Permission letters

- Practical work - Observation - Skills assessment - Checklist
- Written tests - Crossword completion - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment

Tools and Production

Project - Identifying problems continued

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Record findings on problems identified
- Organize information about problems
- Value community engagement

- Record responses using table format
- Take photographs of areas visited (with permission)
- Note causes of problems
- Document attempted solutions

How can we document problems in the locality?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Cameras/smartphones
- Recording sheets
- Notebooks
- Data organization tools

- Field reports - Photographs - Organized data - Presentations

Tools and Production

Project - Selecting problem to solve
Project - Presenting identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select a problem that can be solved using Pre-Technical Studies skills
- Justify problem selection
- Show critical thinking

- Identify skills learned in Pre-Technical Studies
- Discuss problems that can be solved using those skills
- Select one problem to tackle
- Describe how solving problem benefits community

Which problem can we solve using our skills?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Problem list from field visit
- Skills inventory
- Selection criteria
- Discussion materials
- Manila paper/digital presentation tools
- Markers
- Projector (if available)
- Presentation rubrics

- Group discussions - Problem analysis - Oral presentations - Written justification

Tools and Production

Project - Searching for solutions
Project - Discussing possible solutions
Project - Sketching selected item
Project - Identifying materials and tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify possible solutions to the problem
- Research items that can solve the problem
- Show research skills

- Sketch the selected item
- Find steps for making the item
- Show creativity in design

- Discuss how problem can be solved (handmade/digital items)
- Identify items that can solve the problem
- Use internet and textbooks to research solutions
- Record findings in table format
- Make freehand sketches of selected item
- Use digital devices or textbooks to find making steps
- Note down steps in sequence
- Refine sketches based on research

What items can solve the identified problem?
How should the item be designed?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Digital devices with internet
- Reference textbooks
- Research templates
- Recording sheets
- Research findings
- Decision-making matrix
- Cost estimation tools
- Discussion guides
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Drawing paper
- Pencils and erasers
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Research materials
- Material catalogs
- List templates

- Research notes - Tables completed - Oral presentations - Written reports
- Sketches - Step-by-step plans - Creativity assessment - Portfolio

Tools and Production

Project - Collecting materials and tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect required materials from locality
- Assemble necessary tools
- Show resourcefulness

- Visit identified areas to collect materials
- Gather tools required for making item
- Ensure materials are safe and appropriate
- Store materials and tools safely

How can we gather project resources?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Collection containers
- Transportation means
- Permission letters
- Safety equipment

- Materials collected - Tools assembled - Storage organization - Safety compliance

Tools and Production

Project - Making the item (Part 1)
Project - Making the item (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Begin making the designed item
- Follow safety procedures
- Show practical skills

- Put on appropriate safety gear
- Assemble materials and tools
- Inspect tools for good condition
- Begin following steps to make item

How do we start making our project item?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Collected materials
- Required tools
- Personal protective equipment
- Step-by-step guide
- Materials and tools
- PPE
- Expert assistance
- Progress checklist

- Practical work - Observation - Progress monitoring - Safety checklist

Tools and Production

Project - Making the item (Part 3)
Project - Making the item (Part 4)
Project - Completing the item

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Continue working on the project item
- Overcome challenges encountered
- Show determination

- Complete making the item
- Clean working area and tools
- Show responsibility

- Work on item following design specifications
- Address any challenges that arise
- Make adjustments as necessary
- Continue toward completion
- Complete final steps in making item
- Add finishing touches
- Clean working area
- Clean and store tools properly

How do we overcome project challenges?
How do we complete and finish our project?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Materials and tools
- PPE
- Problem-solving guides
- Teacher/expert support
- Quality checklist
- Finishing materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Materials and tools
- Cleaning materials
- Storage facilities
- Finishing supplies

- Practical work - Problem-solving - Progress monitoring - Oral questions
- Completed project - Cleanliness observation - Tool care assessment - Responsibility check

Tools and Production

Project - Estimating costs
Project - Presenting the item

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Estimate cost of making the item
- Calculate selling price
- Show financial literacy

- List all expenses incurred in making item
- Calculate total cost
- Determine appropriate profit margin
- Calculate selling price (Cost + Profit)

How do we determine the price of our item?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Expense records
- Calculator
- Pricing formula
- Market research data
- Completed project item
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms
- Assessment rubrics

- Cost calculations - Price determination - Written reports - Oral explanations

Tools and Production

Project - Using item to solve problem
Project - Reflection and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use item to solve identified problem
- Evaluate effectiveness of solution
- Show problem-solving skills

- With teacher/parent/guardian help, use item in locality
- Observe how it addresses the problem
- Gather feedback from community
- Document effectiveness

How effective is our solution?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Project item
- Evaluation tools
- Feedback forms
- Documentation materials
- Self-reflection checklist
- Project journals
- Assessment rubrics
- Feedback compilation

- Practical application - Effectiveness evaluation - Community feedback - Written reports

Tools and Production
Entrepreneurship

Project - Review and consolidation
Financial services - Financial institutions in Kenya
Financial services - Classification of financial institutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain project development process
- Demonstrate acquired skills
- Appreciate community problem-solving

- Classify financial institutions as banking or non-banking
- Explain differences between classifications
- Appreciate financial sector organization

- Review project from problem identification to solution
- Discuss lessons learned
- Share successes and challenges
- Celebrate achievements
- Study learner's presentation on classification
- Discuss banking financial institutions
- Discuss non-banking financial institutions
- Complete table describing each classification

How can Pre-Technical Studies skills solve community problems?
How are financial institutions classified in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 153
- Project documentation
- Completed items
- Reflection materials
- Celebration materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 160
- Digital devices
- Pictures of banks and SACCOs
- Financial institution brochures
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 160
- Classification chart
- Examples of institutions
- Digital devices
- Comparison table

- Comprehensive review - Demonstrations - Oral presentations - Portfolio assessment
- Written tests - Table completion - Oral questions - Discussions