NUMBERS

Whole Numbers - Place value up to hundreds of millions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify place values of digits up to hundreds of millions.
- Write the place value of each digit in a given number.
- Appreciate the use of place values in real life situations.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Identify and write place values of digits using place value apparatus.
- Represent numbers in a place value chart.
- Write the place value of each digit in a number.
- Discuss real-life contexts where place values are used.

Why do we write numbers in symbols and/or words?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 1.
- Place value charts.
- Number cards.
- Multiplication tables.

- Oral questions. - Written exercise. - Observation. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Whole Numbers - Total value of digits
Whole Numbers - Total value of digits in real life
Whole Numbers - Reading and writing numbers in symbols
Whole Numbers - Reading and writing numbers in words

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Find the total value of digits in numbers up to hundreds of millions.
- Interpret the total value of a digit in terms of its place value.
- Appreciate the importance of understanding total value in real life situations.

- Read numbers in symbols up to hundreds of millions.
- Write numbers in symbols up to hundreds of millions.
- Appreciate the importance of correct number notation.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Differentiate between place value and total value.
- Calculate the total value of digits in various numbers.
- Share and discuss their findings with other groups.
- Relate total value to real-life scenarios.
In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Use place value charts to represent numbers.
- Read numbers using place value groups (millions, thousands, etc.).
- Practice reading large numbers using number cards.
- Discuss the importance of correct number notation.

How do we calculate the total value of a digit?
Where do we write numbers in symbols?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 2.
- Place value charts.
- Number cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 3.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 4.
- Number cards.
- Place value charts.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 5.
- Dummy cheques.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Whole Numbers - Rounding off numbers to the nearest hundred thousands
Whole Numbers - Rounding off numbers to the nearest million

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Round off numbers to the nearest hundred thousand.
- Apply the rules of rounding off appropriately.
- Appreciate the importance of rounding off in estimations.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Identify digits in the ten thousands place value.
- Apply rounding rules based on the identified digit.
- Practice rounding off different numbers.
- Discuss real-life applications of rounding off.

Why do we round off numbers?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 7.
- Place value charts.
- Number cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 8.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Whole Numbers - Rounding off numbers to the nearest tens of millions
Whole Numbers - Rounding off numbers to the nearest hundreds of millions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Round off numbers to the nearest ten million.
- Apply the rules for rounding off to tens of millions.
- Appreciate the use of rounding in real life contexts.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Identify digits in the millions place value.
- Apply rounding rules based on the identified digit.
- Practice rounding numbers to the nearest ten million.
- Discuss real-life situations where such rounding is useful.

How does rounding help in estimation?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 9.
- Place value charts.
- Number cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 10.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Whole Numbers - Even and odd numbers
Whole Numbers - Prime numbers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify even and odd numbers.
- Classify natural numbers as even or odd.
- Appreciate the patterns formed by even and odd numbers.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Use number cards to identify even and odd numbers.
- Sort numbers as even or odd.
- Discuss the divisibility properties of even and odd numbers.
- Play number games involving even and odd numbers.

What makes a number even or odd?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 11.
- Number cards.
- Number charts.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 12.
- Factor charts.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Observation. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Whole Numbers - Operations of whole numbers
Whole Numbers - Operations of whole numbers in real life situations
Whole Numbers - Number sequences involving addition and subtraction
Whole Numbers - Number sequences involving multiplication and division

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Perform basic operations on whole numbers.
- Apply the correct order of operations in evaluating expressions.
- Develop confidence in solving mathematical operations.

- Identify patterns in number sequences.
- Find the rule in sequences involving addition and subtraction.
- Appreciate patterns in mathematics.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers.
- Use digital devices to evaluate expressions.
- Apply order of operations (BODMAS) in evaluating expressions.
- Discuss the importance of order in mathematical operations.
In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Identify patterns in given number sequences.
- Determine the rule used to generate sequences.
- Find missing numbers in sequences.
- Create their own number sequences using addition or subtraction.

Why do we follow a specific order when solving operations?
What pattern does the sequence follow?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 13.
- Calculators.
- Number cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 14.
- Word problem cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 15.
- Number cards.
- Sequence charts.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 16.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Whole Numbers - Creating number sequences
Factors - Divisibility test for 2, 3 and 6

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create number sequences using given rules.
- Complete number sequences by applying identified patterns.
- Show creativity in designing number sequence puzzles.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Create number sequences using given rules.
- Design number sequence games and puzzles.
- Share and solve each other's sequence puzzles.
- Discuss the application of sequences in real life.

How can we create our own number sequences?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 17.
- Number cards.
- Paper cut-outs.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 24.
- Multiplication tables.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Project work. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Factors - Divisibility test for 4 and 8
Factors - Divisibility test for 5, 9 and 10
Factors - Divisibility test for 11

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply divisibility tests for 4 and 8.
- Identify numbers divisible by 4 and 8.
- Develop confidence in applying divisibility tests.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Apply divisibility test for 4 (last two digits form a number divisible by 4).
- Apply divisibility test for 8 (last three digits form a number divisible by 8).
- Practice identifying numbers divisible by 4 and 8.
- Discuss real-life applications of these divisibility tests.

How do we test divisibility of numbers by 4 and 8?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 27.
- Number cards.
- Multiplication tables.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 28.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 32.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Factors - Expressing numbers as product of prime factors
Factors - Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Express composite numbers as products of prime factors.
- Use factor trees or factor rainbows to find prime factors.
- Appreciate the uniqueness of prime factorization.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Use factor trees to find prime factors of numbers.
- Express numbers as products of their prime factors.
- Compare different ways of finding prime factors.
- Discuss the fundamental theorem of arithmetic.

How do we express composite numbers as products of prime factors?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 33.
- Number cards.
- Factor charts.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 34.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Factors - Least Common Multiple (LCM)
Factors - Application of GCD and LCM
Fractions - Comparing fractions
Fractions - Arranging fractions in ascending and descending order

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Find the LCM of two or more numbers using multiples.
- Apply the LCM in solving real-life problems.
- Develop confidence in solving problems involving LCM.

- Compare fractions with the same denominator.
- Compare fractions with different denominators.
- Show interest in comparing quantities expressed as fractions.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- List multiples of given numbers.
- Identify common multiples.
- Find the lowest common multiple (LCM).
- Apply LCM to solve real-life problems.
In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Compare fractions with the same denominator.
- Express fractions with different denominators using a common denominator.
- Compare fractions with different denominators.
- Play fraction comparison games using number cards.

What is the LCM and how do we use it?
How do we compare fractions?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 35.
- Number cards.
- Multiple charts.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 38.
- Word problem cards.
- Containers of different capacities.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 40.
- Fraction cards.
- Number cards.
- Cut-outs.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 42.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Fractions - Adding fractions
Fractions - Subtracting fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Add fractions with the same denominator.
- Add fractions with different denominators.
- Show interest in using fractions to solve problems.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Add fractions with the same denominator.
- Find LCM of denominators.
- Express fractions with a common denominator before addition.
- Solve real-life problems involving addition of fractions.

How do we add fractions with different denominators?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 45.
- Fraction cards.
- Paper cut-outs.
- Circular models.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 47.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Fractions - Multiplying fractions
Fractions - Reciprocal of fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Multiply a fraction by a whole number.
- Multiply a fraction by another fraction.
- Show interest in using multiplication of fractions in real-life.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Multiply fractions by whole numbers.
- Multiply fractions by fractions.
- Simplify answers where possible.
- Solve real-life problems involving multiplication of fractions.

How do we multiply fractions?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 49.
- Fraction cards.
- Rectangular cut-outs.
- Grid paper.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 51.
- Number cards.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Fractions - Dividing fractions
Fractions - Sequence of fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Divide a fraction by a whole number.
- Divide a fraction by another fraction.
- Show interest in using division of fractions to solve problems.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Divide fractions by whole numbers.
- Divide fractions by fractions using reciprocals.
- Solve word problems involving division of fractions.
- Discuss real-life applications of division of fractions.

How do we divide fractions?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 52.
- Fraction cards.
- Number cards.
- Cut-outs.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 54.
- Sequence charts.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Decimals - Place value and total value of decimals
Decimals - Addition and subtraction of decimals
Decimals - Multiplication of decimals
Decimals - Division of decimals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify place values in decimal numbers.
- Find the total value of digits in decimal numbers.
- Appreciate the importance of decimals in measurements.

- Multiply decimals by whole numbers.
- Multiply decimals by decimals.
- Develop confidence in performing calculations with decimals.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Read and write decimal numbers.
- Identify place values of digits in decimal numbers.
- Calculate total values of digits in decimal numbers.
- Relate decimals to real-life measurements.
In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Multiply decimals by whole numbers.
- Multiply decimals by decimals.
- Count decimal places in the product.
- Solve real-life problems involving multiplication of decimals.

What is the place value of a digit in a decimal number?
How do we multiply decimal numbers?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 56.
- Decimal place value charts.
- Number cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 58.
- Decimal number cards.
- Calculators.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 59.
- Decimal number cards.
- Calculators.
- Cut-outs.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 61.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Squares and Square Roots - Squares of whole numbers
Squares and Square Roots - Squares of fractions
Squares and Square Roots - Squares of decimals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Find squares of whole numbers by multiplication.
- Use calculators to find squares of numbers.
- Appreciate the concept of square numbers in mathematics.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Use long multiplication to find squares of numbers.
- Use calculators to find squares of larger numbers.
- Identify patterns in square numbers.
- Relate square numbers to areas of squares.

What are square numbers and how do we calculate them?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 65.
- Calculators.
- Grid paper.
- Number cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 66.
- Fraction cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 67.
- Decimal number cards.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

NUMBERS

Squares and Square Roots - Square roots of whole numbers
Squares and Square Roots - Square roots of fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Find square roots of perfect squares using prime factorization.
- Find square roots of whole numbers using division method.
- Appreciate the relationship between squares and square roots.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Use prime factorization to find square roots.
- Use division method to find square roots.
- Use calculators to verify answers.
- Solve problems involving square roots.

How do we find the square root of a whole number?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 68.
- Calculators.
- Number cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 71.
- Fraction cards.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

NUMBERS
ALGEBRA

Squares and Square Roots - Square roots of decimals
Algebraic Expressions - Formation of algebraic expressions from real life situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Find square roots of perfect square decimals.
- Use calculators to find square roots of decimals.
- Develop confidence in working with square roots of decimals.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Convert decimals to fractions to find square roots.
- Use calculators to find square roots of decimals.
- Solve problems involving square roots of decimals.
- Discuss real-life applications of square roots.

How do we find the square root of a decimal number?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 72.
- Decimal number cards.
- Calculators.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 77.
- Objects of different shapes and sizes.
- Number cards.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

ALGEBRA

Algebraic Expressions - Formation of algebraic expressions from simple algebraic statements
Algebraic Expressions - Formation of algebraic expressions from simple algebraic statements involving multiplication and division
Algebraic Expressions - Simplification of algebraic expressions
Linear Equations - Formation of linear equations in one unknown

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Form algebraic expressions from simple statements.
- Translate word problems into algebraic expressions.
- Show interest in representing situations algebraically.

- Identify like terms in algebraic expressions.
- Simplify algebraic expressions by combining like terms.
- Appreciate the need for simplification in algebra.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Read and interpret algebraic statements.
- Form algebraic expressions from statements.
- Role-play activities involving equations.
- Translate real-life scenarios into algebraic expressions.
In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Identify like terms in expressions.
- Combine like terms to simplify expressions.
- Verify their answers through substitution.
- Discuss the importance of simplification in problem-solving.

How do we translate word problems into algebraic expressions?
Why do we simplify algebraic expressions?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 78.
- Word problem cards.
- IT devices.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 79.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 81.
- Algebra tiles.
- Algebraic expression cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 84.
- Beam balance.
- Objects for weighing.
- Word problem cards.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

ALGEBRA

Linear Equations - Solving linear equations in one unknown
Linear Equations - Applications of linear equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve linear equations in one unknown.
- Apply the balancing method to solve equations.
- Develop confidence in solving linear equations.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Solve equations by applying the balancing method.
- Verify their solutions by substitution.
- Share solution strategies with other groups.
- Use IT to check solutions to equations.

How do we solve linear equations in one unknown?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 85.
- Beam balance.
- IT devices.
- Equation cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 87.
- Word problem cards.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

ALGEBRA

Linear Inequalities - Applying inequality symbols to inequality statements
Linear Inequalities - Forming simple linear inequalities in one unknown

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recognize inequality symbols (<, >, ≤, ≥).
- Apply inequality symbols to statements.
- Appreciate the role of inequalities in real life.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Make paper cut-outs with inequality symbols.
- Complete simple inequality statements using correct symbols.
- Compare pairs of numbers using inequality symbols.
- Relate inequalities to real-life scenarios.

How do we use inequality symbols?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 90.
- Paper cut-outs with inequality symbols.
- Number cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 91.
- Inequality cards.
- Word problem cards.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

ALGEBRA

Linear Inequalities - Illustrating simple inequalities on a number line
Linear Inequalities - Forming compound inequality statements in one unknown

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Represent inequalities on a number line.
- Interpret inequalities from number line representations.
- Develop confidence in working with inequalities.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Draw number lines.
- Represent simple inequalities on number lines.
- Interpret inequalities from given number line representations.
- Discuss the difference between representing < and ≤ on a number line.

How do we represent inequalities on a number line?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 92.
- Number lines.
- Inequality cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 94.
- Number cards.
- Word problem cards.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

ALGEBRA
MEASUREMENTS

Linear Inequalities - Illustrating compound inequalities on a number line
Pythagorean Relationship - Recognizing sides of a right-angled triangle
Pythagorean Relationship - Identifying Pythagorean relationship
Pythagorean Relationship - Applying Pythagorean relationship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Represent compound inequalities on a number line.
- Interpret compound inequalities from number line representations.
- Develop confidence in working with compound inequalities.

- Identify the Pythagorean relationship (a² + b² = c²).
- Verify the relationship using square models.
- Show interest in exploring mathematical relationships.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Draw number lines.
- Represent compound inequalities on number lines.
- Interpret compound inequalities from given number line representations.
- Use IT to visualize compound inequalities.
In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Count squares on different sides of a right-angled triangle.
- Establish the Pythagorean relationship through observation.
- Verify the relationship using different right-angled triangles.
- Create Pythagorean relationship puzzles.

How do we represent compound inequalities on a number line?
What is the Pythagorean relationship?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 95.
- Number lines.
- Inequality cards.
- IT devices.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 97.
- Right-angled triangles cut-outs.
- Ruler and protractor.
- Grid paper.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 98.
- Square grid paper.
- Right-angled triangles of different sizes.
- IT devices.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 100.
- Word problem cards.
- Calculators.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

MEASUREMENTS

Length - Converting units of length
Length - Addition and subtraction involving units of length
Length - Multiplication and division involving units of length

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert between different units of length.
- Apply conversion factors correctly.
- Appreciate the importance of standard units of measurement.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Generate conversion tables for units of length.
- Practice converting between different units.
- Discuss the relationship between different units.
- Watch videos on correct procedures for measuring length.

Why do we use different units of measuring length?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 102.
- Metre rules.
- Tape measures.
- Conversion charts.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 103.
- Objects of different lengths.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 105.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

MEASUREMENTS

Length - Perimeter of plane figures
Length - Circumference of circles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure the perimeter of plane figures.
- Calculate the perimeter of different shapes.
- Show interest in finding perimeters of objects.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Measure the perimeter of various shapes.
- Calculate perimeters using formulas.
- Solve problems involving perimeters.
- Measure perimeters of real objects in the environment.

How do we measure the perimeter of different objects?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 107.
- Ruler and measuring tape.
- Cut-outs of plane figures.
- Objects with different shapes.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 108.
- Circular objects.
- String.
- Rulers.
- Pair of compasses.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities. - Practical assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Area - Units of area
Area - Area of a rectangle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify square metre, acre, and hectare as units of area.
- Convert between different units of area.
- Appreciate the use of appropriate units for different contexts.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Make a square of side 1 metre and find its area.
- Generate conversion tables for units of area.
- Practice converting between different units.
- Discuss contexts where different units are appropriate.

What are the standard units for measuring area?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 112.
- Square metre model.
- Conversion charts.
- Area photos/diagrams.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 113.
- Grid paper.
- Rulers.
- Rectangular objects.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

MEASUREMENTS

Area - Area of a parallelogram
Area - Area of a rhombus
Area - Area of a trapezium
Area - Area of a circle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate the area of parallelograms.
- Apply the formula for area of parallelograms.
- Develop confidence in finding areas of different shapes.

- Calculate the area of trapeziums.
- Apply the formula for area of trapeziums.
- Appreciate the relationship between triangles and trapeziums.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Use cut-outs to transform parallelograms into rectangles.
- Derive the formula for area of parallelograms.
- Calculate areas using the formula (base × height).
- Solve problems involving parallelogram areas.
In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Cut trapeziums into triangles to explore area.
- Derive the formula for area of trapeziums.
- Calculate areas using the formula (½ × h × (a+b)).
- Solve problems involving trapezium areas.

How do we calculate the area of a parallelogram?
How do we calculate the area of a trapezium?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 115.
- Paper cut-outs.
- Grid paper.
- Rulers.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 118.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 120.
- Paper cut-outs.
- Grid paper.
- Rulers.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 122.
- Circular cut-outs.
- Pair of compasses.
- Scissors.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities. - Practical assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Area - Area of borders
Area - Area of combined shapes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate the area of borders between two shapes.
- Apply appropriate formulas for different shapes.
- Develop confidence in solving complex area problems.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Identify borders between two shapes.
- Calculate the area of borders by subtraction.
- Solve problems involving borders of different shapes.
- Apply the concept to real-life scenarios.

How do we calculate the area of a border?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 124.
- Cut-outs of shapes with borders.
- Grid paper.
- Rulers.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 125.
- Cut-outs of combined shapes.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

MEASUREMENTS

Volume and Capacity - Metre cube as a unit of volume
Volume and Capacity - Converting units of volume

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify cubic metre as a unit of volume.
- Visualize the size of one cubic metre.
- Appreciate the use of standard units of volume.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Make a model of a cubic metre using locally available materials.
- Discuss the concept of volume as space occupied.
- Relate volume to real-life situations.
- Compare cubic metre with other volumes.

What is a cubic metre?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 127.
- Cubic metre model.
- Cartons.
- Measuring tape.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 128.
- Conversion charts.
- Cubic models.
- Calculators.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities. - Practical assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Volume and Capacity - Volume of cubes
Volume and Capacity - Volume of cuboids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate the volume of cubes.
- Apply the formula for volume of cubes.
- Appreciate the relationship between edge length and volume.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Make models of cubes using locally available materials.
- Calculate volumes using the formula (L³).
- Solve problems involving volumes of cubes.
- Create and solve their own problems.

How do we calculate the volume of a cube?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 130.
- Cube models.
- Measuring tools.
- Calculators.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 131.
- Cuboid models.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities. - Practical assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Volume and Capacity - Volume of cylinders
Volume and Capacity - Relationship between cubic units and litres
Volume and Capacity - Working out capacity of containers
Time, Distance and Speed - Units of measuring time
Time, Distance and Speed - Converting units of time

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate the volume of cylinders.
- Apply the formula for volume of cylinders.
- Develop confidence in working with cylindrical objects.

- Calculate the capacity of different containers.
- Convert between volume and capacity units.
- Show interest in relating capacity to volume.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Make models of cylinders using locally available materials.
- Calculate volumes using the formula (πr²h).
- Solve problems involving volumes of cylinders.
- Measure real cylindrical objects and calculate their volumes.
In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Calculate capacities of containers of different shapes.
- Express capacities in appropriate units.
- Solve problems involving capacity.
- Create and solve their own capacity problems.

How do we calculate the volume of a cylinder?
How do we calculate the capacity of a container?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 132.
- Cylinder models.
- Measuring tools.
- Calculators.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 133.
- Containers of different volumes.
- Conversion charts.
- Measuring cylinders.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 134.
- Containers of different shapes.
- Measuring cylinders.
- Calculators.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 136.
- Analog and digital clocks.
- Time conversion charts.
- Stop watches.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 137.
- Clocks.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities. - Practical assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Time, Distance and Speed - Converting units of distance
Time, Distance and Speed - Speed as distance covered per unit time

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert between different units of distance.
- Apply conversion factors correctly.
- Develop confidence in working with distance measurements.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Understand relationships between distance units.
- Convert kilometres to metres and vice versa.
- Estimate distances between different locations.
- Solve problems involving distance conversions.

How do we convert between different units of distance?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 139.
- Distance conversion charts.
- Measuring tapes.
- Maps with scales.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 140.
- Stop watches.
- Calculators.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

MEASUREMENTS

Time, Distance and Speed - Speed in km/h
Time, Distance and Speed - Speed in m/s

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate speed in kilometres per hour.
- Solve problems involving speed in km/h.
- Show interest in real-life applications of speed.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Calculate speed in km/h using the formula.
- Discuss common speeds in real life (walking, cycling, driving).
- Solve word problems involving speed in km/h.
- Create and solve their own speed problems.

How do we calculate speed in kilometres per hour?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 142.
- Speed charts.
- Calculators.
- Word problem cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 143.
- Stop watches.
- Measuring tapes.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

MEASUREMENTS

Time, Distance and Speed - Converting units of speed
Temperature - Describing and comparing temperature

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert between km/h and m/s.
- Apply conversion factors correctly.
- Show interest in working with different units of speed.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Understand the relationship between km/h and m/s.
- Convert speeds from km/h to m/s.
- Convert speeds from m/s to km/h.
- Solve problems involving speed conversions.

How do we convert between km/h and m/s?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 144.
- Speed conversion charts.
- Calculators.
- Word problem cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 147.
- Thermometers.
- Objects of different temperatures.
- Weather charts.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

MEASUREMENTS

Temperature - Units of measuring temperature
Temperature - Converting units of temperature
Temperature - Working out temperature
Money - Profit and loss

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify degrees Celsius and Kelvin as units of temperature.
- Read temperatures using thermometers.
- Show interest in measuring temperatures.

- Calculate temperature in degrees Celsius and Kelvin.
- Solve problems involving temperature changes.
- Appreciate temperature changes in the environment.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Identify and use tools for measuring temperature.
- Read temperatures in degrees Celsius.
- Record temperature readings of different substances.
- Discuss contexts where temperature measurement is important.
In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Calculate temperature changes in °C and K.
- Solve word problems involving temperature.
- Use IT devices to check temperature in different places.
- Discuss the impact of temperature on the environment.

How do we measure temperature?
How do temperature changes affect the environment?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 148.
- Thermometers.
- Temperature conversion charts.
- IT devices for temperature readings.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 149.
- Calculators.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 150.
- Thermometers.
- IT devices.
- Temperature conversion charts.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 152.
- Play money.
- Price tags.
- Calculators.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities. - Practical assessment.
- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities. - Project work.

MEASUREMENTS

Money - Percentage profit and loss
Money - Discount

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate percentage profit and loss.
- Express profit or loss as a percentage of cost.
- Appreciate the importance of percentages in business.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Calculate percentage profit using the formula.
- Calculate percentage loss using the formula.
- Solve word problems involving percentage profit/loss.
- Discuss real-life applications in business.

What does percentage profit or loss tell us?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 154.
- Calculators.
- Word problem cards.
- Play money.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 156.
- Price tags with discounts.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

MEASUREMENTS

Money - Percentage discount
Money - Commission

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate percentage discount.
- Find selling price after percentage discount.
- Develop confidence in financial calculations.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Calculate percentage discount using the formula.
- Find selling price after percentage discount.
- Solve word problems involving percentage discounts.
- Discuss real-life examples of percentage discounts.

How do we calculate percentage discount?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 158.
- Calculators.
- Price tags with percentage discounts.
- Word problem cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 160.
- Commission rate cards.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

MEASUREMENTS

Money - Percentage commission
Money - Interpreting bills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate percentage commission.
- Apply percentage commission rates.
- Show interest in business transactions.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Calculate percentage commission using the formula.
- Find commission amounts for different sales values.
- Solve word problems involving percentage commission.
- Create and solve their own commission problems.

How do we calculate percentage commission?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 162.
- Calculators.
- Commission percentage cards.
- Word problem cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 164.
- Sample bills and receipts.
- Shopping receipts.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities.

MEASUREMENTS

Money - Preparing bills
Money - Postal charges
Money - Mobile money services
Money - Mobile money transactions
Money - Using IT for money transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare bills for goods and services.
- Include all necessary components in a bill.
- Show interest in accurate billing practices.

- Calculate charges for mobile money transactions.
- Apply transaction tariffs correctly.
- Develop confidence in using mobile financial services.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Identify components needed in a bill.
- Prepare bills for different transactions.
- Calculate totals and taxes where applicable.
- Role-play transactions involving billing.
In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Study mobile money transaction tariffs.
- Calculate charges for different transaction amounts.
- Solve problems involving mobile money transactions.
- Discuss responsible use of mobile money services.

How do we prepare accurate bills?
How are mobile money transaction charges calculated?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 166.
- Bill templates.
- Calculators.
- Price lists.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 168.
- Postal rate charts.
- Sample mailing items.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 170.
- Mobile money service charts.
- Transaction flow diagrams.
- IT devices.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 172.
- Mobile money tariff charts.
- Calculators.
- Transaction scenarios.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 173.
- Digital payment platform information.
- IT devices.
- Transaction flow diagrams.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities. - Practical assessment.

GEOMETRY

Angles - Angles on a straight line
Angles - Angles at a point

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify angles on a straight line.
- Calculate unknown angles on a straight line.
- Appreciate that angles on a straight line add up to 180°.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Draw straight lines with angles.
- Measure angles on a straight line.
- Verify that angles on a straight line sum to 180°.
- Solve problems involving angles on a straight line.

What are angles on a straight line?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 175.
- Protractors.
- Rulers.
- Angle models.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 177.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities. - Practical assessment.

GEOMETRY

Angles - Angles on a transversal
Angles - Angles in a parallelogram

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify corresponding, alternate, and co-exterior angles.
- Apply angle relationships to find unknown angles.
- Develop confidence in angle calculations.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Draw parallel lines cut by a transversal.
- Identify different angle relationships.
- Measure angles to verify relationships.
- Solve problems involving angles on a transversal.

What are angles on a transversal?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 178.
- Protractors.
- Rulers.
- Parallel line models.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 181.
- Set squares.
- Parallelogram models.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities. - Practical assessment.

GEOMETRY

Angles - Angle properties of polygons
Angles - Interior angles of polygons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify angle properties of polygons up to hexagon.
- Calculate the sum of interior angles of polygons.
- Appreciate patterns in polygon angles.

In groups and individuals, learners are guided to:
- Draw different polygons up to hexagon.
- Measure interior angles and find their sum.
- Derive the formula for sum of interior angles.
- Solve problems involving polygon angles.

What are the angle properties of polygons?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 183.
- Protractors.
- Rulers.
- Polygon models.
- Grid paper.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 185.
- Regular polygon models.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities. - Practical assessment.

GEOMETRY

Angles - Exterior angles of polygons
Angles - Solving problems on angles and sides of polygons
Geometrical Constructions - Measuring angles
Geometrical Constructions - Bisecting angles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify exterior angles of polygons.
- Calculate the sum of exterior angles of polygons.
- Develop confidence in angle calculations.

- Measure angles using a protractor.
- Draw angles of specified sizes.
- Appreciate the importance of accurate measurement.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Draw polygons and their exterior angles.
- Measure exterior angles and find their sum.
- Verify that exterior angles sum to 360°.
- Solve problems involving exterior angles.
In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Use protractors to measure angles.
- Draw angles of specified sizes.
- Verify measurements through comparison.
- Practice measuring angles in different orientations.

What are exterior angles of polygons?
How do we measure angles accurately?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 187.
- Protractors.
- Rulers.
- Polygon models.
- Grid paper.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 189.
- Problem cards.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 190.
- Protractors.
- Rulers.
- Angle models.
- Grid paper.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 192.
- Pair of compasses.
- Plain paper.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities. - Practical assessment.

GEOMETRY

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of 90°
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of 45°

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct a 90° angle using ruler and compasses.
- Verify the accuracy of construction.
- Develop confidence in geometric constructions.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Draw lines of suitable length.
- Use ruler and compasses to construct 90° angles.
- Verify construction using protractors.
- Practice constructing 90° angles at different points.

How do we construct a 90° angle using ruler and compasses?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 194.
- Pair of compasses.
- Rulers.
- Protractors.
- Plain paper.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 195.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities. - Practical assessment.

GEOMETRY

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of 60°
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of 30° and other angles
Geometrical Constructions - Constructing triangles
Geometrical Constructions - Constructing circles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct a 60° angle using ruler and compasses.
- Verify the accuracy of construction.
- Appreciate the precision of geometric constructions.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
- Draw lines of suitable length.
- Use ruler and compasses to construct 60° angles.
- Verify construction using protractors.
- Practice constructing 60° angles at different points.

How do we construct a 60° angle using ruler and compasses?

- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 196.
- Pair of compasses.
- Rulers.
- Protractors.
- Plain paper.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 198.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 199.
- Top Scholar Mathematics Grade 7 page 202.
- Circular objects.

- Written exercise. - Oral questions. - Class activities. - Practical assessment.