Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Methods of soil conservation in the agricultural environment
Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding strip cropping
Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding grassed waterways
Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding stone lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe methods of soil conservation in the agricultural environment
- Name the common methods of soil conservation
- Show interest in learning about soil conservation measures

- Use digital or print media to search for information on methods of conserving soil in the agricultural environment
- Study photographs showing methods of soil conservation
- Discuss and take notes of the information found
- Share findings with the class about soil conservation methods

How can we conserve soil in the agricultural environment?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 1
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Photographs showing soil conservation methods
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 2
- Digital camera/smartphone
- Charts showing strip cropping
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 3
- Charts showing grassed waterways
- Photographs showing stone lines

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding trash lines
Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding soil bunds
Soil Conservation Measures - Making stone lines
Soil Conservation Measures - Making trash lines
Soil Conservation Measures - Constructing a farm model showing soil conservation measures
Soil Conservation Measures - Displaying and explaining the farm model
Water Harvesting and Storage - Ways of storing harvested water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what trash lines are
- Describe how trash lines conserve soil
- Appreciate the use of crop residues in soil conservation

- Study how trash lines are made
- Discuss how trash lines prevent soil erosion
- Explore how trash lines improve soil fertility when they decompose
- Share observations with the class

How do trash lines help in soil conservation and fertility improvement?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 3
- Photographs showing trash lines
- Charts
- Digital resources
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 4
- Photographs showing soil bunds
- Stones
- Wheelbarrow
- Garden gloves
- Gumboots
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 5
- Dry plant materials
- Strong sticks
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 6
- Cartons
- Cardboards
- Small stones
- Soil
- Papier-mâché
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 7
- Constructed farm model
- Display area
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 11
- Digital devices
- Print media with information on water storage
- Photographs showing water storage methods

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Shallow water pans
Water Harvesting and Storage - Water ponds
Water Harvesting and Storage - Water containers
Water Harvesting and Storage - Installing water tanks
Water Harvesting and Storage - Constructing water ponds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how shallow water pans are used to store water
- Identify suitable locations for shallow water pans
- Value the role of shallow water pans in water conservation

- Explore the school environment
- Identify areas where water can be harvested
- Discuss how shallow water pans can be constructed and maintained
- Make presentations on water harvesting initiatives

What factors should be considered when constructing shallow water pans?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 12
- Photographs showing shallow water pans
- School environment
- Digital resources
- Photographs showing water ponds
- Various water containers
- Photographs
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 13
- Water tank or container
- Tools for installation
- Cleaning materials
- Tools for digging
- Protective clothing

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes

Water Harvesting and Storage - Constructing water pans
Water Harvesting and Storage - Maintaining water harvesting structures
Water Harvesting and Storage - Water harvesting and storage initiatives
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Role of kitchen and backyard gardens
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Food production through kitchen and backyard gardening

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to construct a water pan
- Participate in water pan construction or maintenance
- Show responsibility in water conservation

- Clear vegetation for water pan construction
- Mark out dimensions of the water pan
- Participate in digging or repairing a water pan
- Keep the surrounding environment clean

How can we construct water pans to effectively harvest and store water?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 14
- Tools for digging
- Protective clothing
- School environment
- Water harvesting structures
- Cleaning materials
- Repair tools
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 15
- Chart papers
- Markers
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 17
- Digital devices
- Print resources
- Photographs showing kitchen and backyard gardens
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 18
- Digital resources
- Charts showing benefits of kitchen gardens

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Preparing a garden for planting
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Establishing crops in kitchen or backyard garden
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Crop management in a kitchen or backyard garden
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Watering and irrigation
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Pruning and training crops

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan for the preparation of a kitchen or backyard garden
- Select suitable planting site and containers
- Show interest in establishing a kitchen or backyard garden

- Discuss how to prepare a garden
- Select a suitable garden type (container or ground)
- Select a site with adequate sunlight and good drainage
- Make a list of required materials and tools

How do we prepare a suitable site for a kitchen or backyard garden?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 19
- Garden tools
- Containers
- School environment
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 20
- Jembe
- Panga
- Compost manure
- Seeds/seedlings
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 21
- Water
- Watering containers
- Established garden
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 22
ing cans
- Plastic bottles
- Mulching materials
- Pruning knife/scissors
- Stakes
- Trellises
- Garden crops

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Harvesting and record keeping
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Sustainable garden practices
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Understanding poultry folds
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Observing poultry folds
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Designing a poultry fold

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper harvesting techniques
- Keep records of garden activities and harvest
- Adopt the use of kitchen and backyard garden for food production

- Harvest mature crops regularly
- Prevent crops from bolting
- Record successes and challenges
- Discuss ways to improve gardening skills
- Share gardening experiences

How can we maximize harvest and learn from our gardening experiences?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 23
- Garden crops
- Harvesting tools
- Record book
- Pen/pencil
- Garden
- Organic materials
- Composting area
- Digital resources
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 24
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Images of poultry folds
- Poultry farm
- Digital camera/smartphone
- Notebook
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 25
- Drawing book or paper
- Pencil
- Ruler
- Examples of poultry fold designs

- Practical assessment - Record evaluation - Oral presentations

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Planning for construction
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Constructing a poultry fold (frame)
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Completing the poultry fold
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Preparing for poultry rearing
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Managing poultry in a fold

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan the construction of a poultry fold
- List materials needed for construction
- Show responsibility in planning

- Draw a plan of activities for construction
- Distribute responsibilities among group members
- Identify locally available materials for construction
- Present the plan for feedback

How do we prepare for the construction of a poultry fold?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 26
- Paper
- Pen/pencil
- Poultry fold design
- Wooden pieces
- Nails/screws
- Hammer/screwdriver
- Measuring tape
- Protective gloves
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 27
- Wire mesh/net
- Roofing material
- Tools for construction
- Constructed poultry fold
- Feeders
- Waterers
- Feed
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 28
- Poultry fold with poultry
- Water
- Cleaning materials

- Plan evaluation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Rearing practices for poultry in a fold
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Benefits of rearing poultry in a fold
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Ethical practices in poultry rearing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain various poultry rearing practices
- Apply appropriate rearing practices
- Rear poultry in a fold

- Discuss watering practices for poultry
- Maintain high standards of hygiene
- Implement protection from predators
- Provide shelter during harsh weather

What are the essential rearing practices for poultry in a fold?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 29
- Poultry fold with poultry
- Water
- Feed
- Cleaning materials
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 30
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments