Fundamentals of Electricity

Introduction to Electricity - Importance of electricity in society

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define electricity and describe its role as a form of energy
- Identify uses of electricity at home, school, hospitals and factories
- Relate electricity to real-life applications such as lighting, communication and powering medical equipment

- Discuss the meaning of electricity and its sources of energy
- Use digital or print media to search for uses of electricity in daily life
- Categorise uses of electricity under communication, comfort, entertainment and education
- Present findings to the class

How does electricity improve the quality of life in homes, schools and hospitals?

- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Fundamentals of Electricity

Introduction to Electricity - Importance of electricity in society
Introduction to Electricity - Career opportunities in electrical technology
Introduction to Electricity - Career opportunities in electrical technology
Introduction to Electricity - Safety regulations in electrical tasks
Introduction to Electricity - Safety regulations in electrical tasks
Introduction to Electricity - Roles of stakeholders in electrical safety
Introduction to Electricity - Embracing electrical technology as a career

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss the importance of electricity in economic and industrial development
- Identify electrical items found in local markets and the community
- Connect electricity use to national development and Kenya Vision 2030

- Describe safety precautions to be observed when carrying out electrical tasks
- Identify and explain the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in electrical work
- Connect correct use of PPE to preventing injuries and accidents in real-life electrical workplaces

- List electrical items found at school, home and local markets
- Discuss uses of electricity in homes, schools, hospitals and factories
- Use the internet to search on electricity's role in economic development
- Share findings with peers

- Discuss the use of safety equipment including gloves, helmets, goggles and face shields
- Role play the demonstration of safety regulations while carrying out electrical tasks
- Discuss safety precautions such as avoiding overloaded sockets, checking damaged wires and proper earthing
- Share findings with peers

In what ways does electricity drive economic and industrial development in Kenya?
How does the use of personal protective equipment reduce the risk of injury during electrical tasks?

- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Career brochures
- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 4
- Resource person
- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 7
- Assorted electrical PPEs
- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 8
- Assorted electrical PPEs
- First aid kit
- Internet access
- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 9
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 11
- Resource person

- Oral questions - Observation - Portfolio
- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Properties of an electric circuit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define an electric circuit and describe its essential components
- Identify the functions of the power source, conductors, bulb and switch in a simple circuit
- Connect the components of a simple electric circuit to real-life applications such as torch lights and home lighting systems

- Use digital or print media to search for information on the parts and properties of an electric circuit
- Assemble a simple circuit using a dry cell, bulb, wires and switch
- Observe and discuss what happens when the switch is turned on and off
- Fill in a table with components and their functions

How does each component of an electric circuit contribute to the flow of electric current?

- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 13
- Dry cells
- Connecting wires
- Assorted bulbs
- Switches
- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 15
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Ohmmeter

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - DC circuit analysis (Ohm's Law)
D.C Electric Circuits - DC circuit analysis (Kirchhoff's Laws)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define voltage, current and resistance and describe their relationship
- State Ohm's Law and apply it to solve problems in simple DC circuits
- Connect Ohm's Law to real-life applications such as selecting correct resistors for household appliances

- Search online or in print media for information on voltage, current, resistance and Ohm's Law
- Perform an experiment to investigate the relationship between voltage and current in a resistive DC circuit
- Plot a graph of voltage against current and determine resistance from the slope
- Discuss findings with peers

What is the relationship between voltage, current and resistance in a DC circuit?

- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 17
- Cells
- Resistors
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Connecting wires
- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 19

- Practical tasks - Observation - Written tests

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Constructing resistor networks (Series)
D.C Electric Circuits - Constructing resistor networks (Parallel)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the properties of a series resistor network in a DC circuit
- Construct a series resistor network and measure voltage and current at various points
- Connect series resistor networks to real-life applications such as series-wired Christmas lights and string lighting systems

- Discuss the arrangement of resistors in series and their current-voltage relationship
- Construct a series resistor circuit using three resistors, ammeter, voltmeter and battery
- Record and compare ammeter and voltmeter readings across individual resistors and the whole circuit
- Share findings with peers

How does connecting resistors in series affect the total resistance and current in a DC circuit?

- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 21
- Cells
- Assorted resistors
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Connecting wires
- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 22

- Practical tasks - Observation - Written assignments

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Constructing resistor networks (Series-Parallel)
D.C Electric Circuits - Conductors, insulators and semiconductors
D.C Electric Circuits - Mechanism of conduction in metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the properties of a series-parallel resistor network
- Construct a series-parallel resistor network and calculate effective resistance
- Connect series-parallel circuits to real-life applications such as car electrical systems that combine both configurations

- Differentiate between conductors, insulators and semiconductors based on their electrical properties
- Conduct an experiment to investigate electrical conduction in metallic and non-metallic materials
- Connect knowledge of conductors and insulators to real-life applications such as electrical cable insulation and circuit board design

- Discuss the arrangement and properties of series-parallel resistor networks
- Construct a series-parallel circuit and record voltage and current readings
- Solve worked examples to calculate effective resistance in series-parallel networks
- Share findings with peers

- Use digital or print media to search for information on conductors, insulators and semiconductors
- Set up a circuit to test whether various materials (aluminium foil, rubber, paper, pencil lead, spoon) conduct electricity
- Observe and record results then classify materials as conductors, insulators or semiconductors
- Share findings with peers

How is effective resistance calculated in a series-parallel resistor network?
How does the atomic structure of a material determine whether it is a conductor, insulator or semiconductor?

- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 23
- Cells
- Assorted resistors
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Connecting wires
- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 25
- Cells
- Bulbs
- Connecting wires
- Aluminium foil, rubber, paper, pencil lead, spoon
- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 27
- Plastic tube and marbles
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Internet access

- Practical tasks - Observation - Written assignments
- Practical tasks - Observation - Written tests

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Calculating power and energy in DC circuits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define power and energy in the context of DC circuits and state their units
- Apply the formulae P=VI and W=VIt to calculate power and energy in DC circuits
- Connect energy calculations to real-life scenarios such as estimating electricity bills for household appliances

- Use digital or print media to search for formulae for calculating power and energy in DC circuits
- Set up a simple circuit with a resistor, ammeter and voltmeter to measure voltage and current
- Calculate power and energy consumed using P=VI and W=VIt
- Solve worked examples involving power and energy calculations

How are power and energy calculations used to manage electricity consumption in homes and industries?

- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 26
- Cells
- Resistors
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Stopwatch
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Internet access

- Practical tasks - Observation - Written tests

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Tracing faults in DC circuits
D.C Electric Circuits - Applications of DC circuits
D.C Electric Circuits - Applications of DC circuits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common faults in DC circuits including open circuit, short circuit, dry joints and loose terminals
- Use measuring instruments to trace and identify faults in DC circuits
- Connect fault tracing skills to real-life applications such as diagnosing faults in car electrical systems and home appliances

- Use an ammeter, voltmeter and ohmmeter to trace faults in a DC circuit
- Identify open circuit, short circuit, dry joints and loose terminals in a circuit setup
- Discuss and record observations on how each fault affects circuit behaviour
- Share findings with peers

How are measuring instruments used to identify and trace faults in DC circuits?

- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 13
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Ohmmeter
- Assorted resistors
- Connecting wires
- Distinction Electricity Grade 10 pg. 29
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Sample batteries

- Practical tasks - Observation - Written tests