Fundamentals of Electricity

Introduction to Electricity - Importance of electricity in the society
Introduction to Electricity - Importance of electricity in industries and hospitals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term electricity
- Explain the importance of electricity in various sectors of society
- Relate the role of electricity to daily activities like cooking, lighting and communication

- Discuss the meaning of electricity with peers
- Brainstorm the importance of electricity in the society
- Use digital or print media to search for information on the uses of electricity in day-to-day life
- Present findings to classmates

How does electricity impact our daily lives?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Charts showing uses of electricity
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 2
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Fundamentals of Electricity

Introduction to Electricity - Career opportunities in electrical technology

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify career opportunities in the field of electricity
- Describe the roles of various electrical professionals
- Relate career paths in electricity to personal interests and aspirations

- Brainstorm with peers on career opportunities in the electrical technology field
- Use digital or print resources to search for information on careers in electricity
- Engage with a resource person explaining career opportunities

What career opportunities exist in the electrical technology field?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 3
- Career brochures
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Portfolio - Observation

Fundamentals of Electricity

Introduction to Electricity - Career wheel project
Introduction to Electricity - Safety rules and regulations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a career wheel showing opportunities in electrical technology
- Present career information to peers
- Value electrical technology as a viable career path

- Make a career wheel on career opportunities in the field of electricity using locally available materials
- Discuss with peers the career opportunities identified
- Display career wheel for peer review

How can visual tools help in understanding career options in electricity?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 5
- Cardboard, markers, scissors
- Split pins
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 6
- Safety posters
- First aid kit
- Assorted electrical PPEs

- Project work - Observation - Peer assessment

Fundamentals of Electricity

Introduction to Electricity - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Introduction to Electricity - Roles of workers and employers in electrical safety
Introduction to Electricity - Role of government agencies in electrical safety

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify appropriate Personal Protective Equipment for electrical work
- Demonstrate proper use of PPE
- Apply safety practices to prevent electrical accidents at home and school

- Describe the roles of workers in application of electrical safety
- Explain the responsibilities of employers in ensuring electrical safety
- Connect stakeholder responsibilities to safe working environments in electrical workshops

- Role play on demonstration of safety regulations including use of PPE
- Identify various safety measures while performing electrical tasks
- Practice proper cleaning and storage of tools

- Discuss with peers the roles of workers and employers in application of electrical safety
- Analyse case scenarios involving electrical safety violations
- Present findings on stakeholder responsibilities

What PPE should be used when performing electrical tasks?
What are the responsibilities of workers and employers in maintaining electrical safety?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 7
- Insulated gloves
- Safety glasses
- Rubber-soled shoes
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 10
- Safety regulation documents
- Digital devices
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 11

- Practical demonstration - Observation - Oral questions
- Oral questions - Group discussions - Written assignments

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Parts and properties of an electric circuit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term electric circuit
- Identify the main parts of an electric circuit
- Relate electric circuits to everyday devices like torches and doorbells

- Use digital and print media to search for information on the parts and properties of an electric circuit
- Set up a simple electric circuit using cells, bulb, switch and connecting cables
- Observe what happens when the switch is closed

What are the essential components of an electric circuit?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 15
- Cells, bulb, bulb holder
- Switch, connecting cables

- Practical tasks - Observation - Oral questions

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Electrical symbols and circuit diagrams

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify standard electrical symbols used in circuit diagrams
- Draw simple circuit diagrams using standard symbols
- Apply circuit symbols to represent real electrical components

- Study standard electrical symbols for circuit components
- Draw electrical circuits using standard symbols
- Interpret circuit diagrams to identify components

Why are standard symbols important in electrical circuit diagrams?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 17
- Chart showing electrical symbols
- Drawing materials

- Written tests - Practical tasks - Observation

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Zeroing of measuring instruments
D.C Electric Circuits - Relationship between current and voltage in series circuit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of zeroing in measuring instruments
- Perform zeroing on ammeter and voltmeter
- Recognize the importance of accurate measurements in electrical diagnostics and repairs

- Use digital or print media to search for information on zeroing of measuring instruments
- Identify types of zero error in measuring instruments
- Adjust zero error on ammeter using a screwdriver

Why is zeroing important before taking measurements?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 17
- Ammeter, voltmeter
- Screwdriver
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 19
- Resistors, connecting wires
- Voltmeter, milliammeter
- Dry cells

- Practical tasks - Observation - Oral questions

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Relationship between current and voltage in parallel circuit
D.C Electric Circuits - Ohm's Law
D.C Electric Circuits - Relationship between current and resistance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the relationship between current and voltage in a parallel circuit
- Measure current through different branches in a parallel circuit
- Apply Kirchhoff's current law to household wiring and appliance connections

- State Ohm's Law
- Verify Ohm's Law experimentally
- Apply Ohm's Law to calculate values in phone chargers and household appliances

- Connect resistors in parallel and measure current through each branch
- Investigate the relationship between total current and branch currents
- Verify Kirchhoff's current law through experiments

- Set up a resistive circuit with ammeter and voltmeter
- Measure voltage and current for different resistance values
- Calculate resistance using V=IR formula

How does current behave in a parallel circuit?
What is the relationship between voltage, current and resistance?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 21
- Resistors, connecting wires
- Voltmeter, milliammeter
- Dry cells
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 22
- Battery, wires, switch
- Resistor, ammeter, voltmeter
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 23
- Resistors of different values
- Ammeter, voltmeter
- Battery, connecting wires

- Practical tasks - Written tests - Observation
- Practical tasks - Written tests - Calculations

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Series resistance networks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how resistors combine in series
- Calculate total resistance in series circuits
- Apply series resistance concepts to voltage dividers in electronic devices

- Connect resistors in series and measure total resistance
- Use ohmmeter to verify total resistance
- Calculate total resistance using the formula RT = R1 + R2 + R3

How do you calculate total resistance in a series circuit?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 25
- Resistors (470Ω, 100Ω, 220Ω)
- Ohmmeter
- Connecting wires

- Practical tasks - Calculations - Written tests

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Current and voltage in series circuits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate current distribution in series circuits
- Measure voltage drops across components in series
- Relate series circuit principles to decorative lights and battery arrangements

- Connect a series circuit with multiple resistors and ammeters
- Measure current at different points in the circuit
- Compare current readings and discuss observations

Why is current the same at all points in a series circuit?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 27
- Resistors, connecting wires
- Three ammeters
- Battery, switch

- Practical tasks - Observation - Written tests

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Parallel resistance networks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how resistors combine in parallel
- Calculate total resistance in parallel circuits
- Apply parallel resistance concepts to home electrical wiring systems

- Connect resistors in parallel and measure total resistance
- Use ohmmeter to measure resistance between connection points
- Calculate total resistance using the parallel formula

How do you calculate total resistance in a parallel circuit?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 29
- Resistors of different values
- Ohmmeter
- Connecting wires

- Practical tasks - Calculations - Written tests

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Current and voltage in parallel circuits
D.C Electric Circuits - Power in DC circuits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate current distribution in parallel circuits
- Measure voltage across parallel branches
- Connect parallel circuit behavior to multiple appliances running simultaneously at home

- Define electrical power
- Calculate power in a DC circuit using P=VI
- Relate power calculations to electricity bills and appliance ratings

- Connect a parallel circuit with multiple resistors and ammeters
- Measure current through each branch
- Compare branch currents and total current

- Investigate the relationship between voltage and current in a DC circuit
- Calculate power consumed by the circuit using P=VI
- Discuss practical applications of power calculations

How is current distributed in a parallel circuit?
How do you calculate power consumed in a DC circuit?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 31
- Resistors, connecting wires
- Three ammeters, voltmeters
- Battery, switch

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 33
- Power supply, ammeter, voltmeter
- Resistor, connecting wires

- Practical tasks - Observation - Written tests
- Practical tasks - Calculations - Written tests

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Energy in DC circuits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define electrical energy
- Calculate energy consumed in a DC circuit using E=VIt
- Apply energy calculations to estimate costs of running electrical appliances

- Calculate energy consumed by a circuit over time
- Solve problems involving power and energy calculations
- Discuss the relationship between energy, power and time

How is electrical energy calculated in a circuit?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 34
- Stopwatch
- Power supply, ammeter, voltmeter
- Resistor

- Written tests - Calculations - Oral questions

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Energy in DC circuits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define electrical energy
- Calculate energy consumed in a DC circuit using E=VIt
- Apply energy calculations to estimate costs of running electrical appliances

- Calculate energy consumed by a circuit over time
- Solve problems involving power and energy calculations
- Discuss the relationship between energy, power and time

How is electrical energy calculated in a circuit?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 34
- Stopwatch
- Power supply, ammeter, voltmeter
- Resistor

- Written tests - Calculations - Oral questions

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Types of faults in DC circuits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of faults in DC circuits
- Describe characteristics of open circuit, short circuit, dry joints and loose terminals
- Recognize fault symptoms in household electrical devices

- Use digital or print media to search for types of faults in DC circuits
- Discuss the characteristics of each type of fault
- Identify fault indicators in circuit diagrams

What are the common types of faults in DC circuits?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 37
- Digital devices
- Faulty circuit samples

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Fundamentals of Electricity

D.C Electric Circuits - Types of faults in DC circuits
D.C Electric Circuits - Troubleshooting faults using test instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of faults in DC circuits
- Describe characteristics of open circuit, short circuit, dry joints and loose terminals
- Recognize fault symptoms in household electrical devices

- Use measuring and test instruments to trace faults in DC circuits
- Demonstrate troubleshooting procedures for common faults
- Apply troubleshooting skills to repair faulty torches and simple devices

- Use digital or print media to search for types of faults in DC circuits
- Discuss the characteristics of each type of fault
- Identify fault indicators in circuit diagrams

- Set up a circuit with intentional faults
- Use multimeter to check continuity and resistance
- Trace and identify faults using test instruments

What are the common types of faults in DC circuits?
How do you use test instruments to troubleshoot faults in DC circuits?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 37
- Digital devices
- Faulty circuit samples

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 37
- Multimeter
- Faulty circuit boards
- Connecting wires

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation
- Practical tasks - Observation - Oral questions

Fundamentals of Electricity

Cells and Batteries - Structure and operation of primary cells
Cells and Batteries - Simple cell defects and remedies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the terms cell and battery
- Describe the principle of operation of primary cells
- Relate primary cells to everyday devices like remote controls and wall clocks

- Use digital and print media to search for information on principle of operation of primary cells
- Make a simple cell using lemon, zinc and copper plates
- Measure voltage produced by the simple cell

How do primary cells produce electricity?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 43
- Lemon, zinc plate, copper plate
- Voltmeter
- Connecting wires
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 44
- Sulphuric acid, zinc, copper
- Beaker, connecting wires
- Safety goggles, gloves

- Practical tasks - Observation - Oral questions

Fundamentals of Electricity

Cells and Batteries - Charging and discharging process

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the charging and discharging process in secondary cells
- Describe the chemical reactions during charging and discharging
- Relate secondary cell operation to rechargeable phone batteries and car batteries

- Set up an experiment to demonstrate charging and discharging of secondary cells
- Observe ammeter readings during charging and discharging
- Discuss the chemical changes occurring at the electrodes

How do secondary cells store and release electrical energy?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 46
- Lead plates, dilute sulphuric acid
- Charging battery, ammeter
- Connecting wires, switch

- Practical tasks - Observation - Written tests

Fundamentals of Electricity

Cells and Batteries - Series connection of batteries
Cells and Batteries - Parallel connection of batteries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how batteries are connected in series
- Measure total voltage of batteries connected in series
- Apply series battery connections to power devices requiring higher voltage

- Connect dry cells in series using cell holders
- Measure and record voltage of each cell and total voltage
- Discuss the relationship between individual and total voltage

What happens to voltage when batteries are connected in series?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 48
- Three dry cells (1.5V each)
- Cell holders, voltmeter
- Connecting wires
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 49
- Three dry cells

- Practical tasks - Calculations - Observation

Fundamentals of Electricity

Cells and Batteries - Methods of charging batteries
Cells and Batteries - Battery maintenance procedures
Cells and Batteries - Safe handling and disposal of batteries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe different methods of charging batteries
- Explain constant current and constant voltage charging methods
- Apply appropriate charging methods to different devices like phones and laptops

- Describe maintenance procedures for cells and batteries
- Perform basic maintenance tasks on batteries
- Apply proper maintenance to extend battery life in motorcycles and vehicles

- Use digital devices to search for information on methods of charging batteries
- Discuss constant current and constant voltage charging
- Build a mini solar-powered charging station

- Research maintenance procedures for cells and batteries
- Practice cleaning battery terminals using baking soda solution
- Check battery water levels using appropriate instruments

What are the different methods used to charge batteries?
How do you maintain cells and batteries for optimal performance?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 50
- Solar panel, rechargeable battery
- Diode, wires, voltmeter
- Digital devices
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 54
- Car battery, baking soda
- Water, cloth, gloves
- Acid hydrometer
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 55
- Sample batteries
- Safety gloves
- Digital devices

- Practical tasks - Oral questions - Project work
- Practical tasks - Observation - Oral questions

Fundamentals of Electricity

Capacitors and Capacitance - Structure and operation of a capacitor

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a capacitor
- Describe the structure and principle of operation of a capacitor
- Relate capacitor operation to camera flashes and power supply smoothing

- Use digital and print media to search for information on the principle of operation of a capacitor
- Identify the parts of a capacitor
- Discuss how capacitors store electrical charge

How does a capacitor store electrical energy?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 58
- Sample capacitors
- Digital devices
- Charts showing capacitor structure

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Fundamentals of Electricity

Capacitors and Capacitance - Voltage-time characteristics of capacitors
Capacitors and Capacitance - Current-time characteristics of capacitors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the voltage-time characteristics of a charging capacitor
- Plot a graph of voltage against time for a charging capacitor
- Relate capacitor charging curves to timing circuits in alarms and automatic lights

- Set up a capacitor-resistor circuit and measure voltage at intervals
- Record voltage readings and plot voltage-time graph
- Describe the shape of the charging curve

How does voltage change across a capacitor during charging?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 60
- Capacitor (1000μF), resistor
- Voltmeter, stopwatch
- Battery, switch
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 62
- Capacitor, resistor
- Ammeter, stopwatch

- Practical tasks - Graph plotting - Written tests

Fundamentals of Electricity

Capacitors and Capacitance - Properties and selection of capacitors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Read and interpret capacitor labels
- Select appropriate capacitors for given applications
- Apply capacitor selection criteria to audio systems and power supplies

- Examine capacitor labels to identify capacitance, voltage rating and tolerance
- Discuss factors to consider when selecting capacitors
- Match capacitors to specific circuit requirements

What factors should be considered when selecting a capacitor?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 63
- Assorted capacitors
- Digital multimeter
- Circuit diagrams

- Practical tasks - Oral questions - Written tests

Fundamentals of Electricity

Capacitors and Capacitance - Series connection of capacitors
Capacitors and Capacitance - Parallel connection of capacitors
Capacitors and Capacitance - Series-parallel capacitor combinations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how capacitors combine in series
- Calculate total capacitance for capacitors in series
- Apply series capacitor connections to voltage divider circuits

- Explain how capacitors combine in parallel
- Calculate total capacitance for capacitors in parallel
- Apply parallel capacitor connections to increase energy storage in power banks

- Connect capacitors in series and measure total capacitance
- Verify the formula for capacitors in series
- Calculate total capacitance using 1/CT = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3

- Connect capacitors in parallel and measure total capacitance
- Verify the formula for capacitors in parallel
- Calculate total capacitance using CT = C1 + C2 + C3

How do you calculate total capacitance for capacitors in series?
How do you calculate total capacitance for capacitors in parallel?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 64
- Electrolytic capacitors
- Digital multimeter
- Connecting wires, power supply
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 68
- Electrolytic capacitors
- Digital multimeter
- Connecting wires
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 72
- Assorted capacitors
- Circuit diagrams

- Practical tasks - Calculations - Written tests

Fundamentals of Electricity

Capacitors and Capacitance - Applications of capacitors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of capacitors in electrical appliances
- Describe applications of capacitors in motor control and timer circuits
- Relate capacitor functions to traffic lights, fans and air conditioners

- Brainstorm with peers on the importance of capacitors in electrical appliances
- Research applications of capacitors in motor starting and timer circuits
- Present findings on capacitor applications

How are capacitors used in everyday electrical appliances?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 74
- Sample appliances with capacitors
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Oral questions - Presentations - Written tests

Fundamentals of Electricity

Pictorial Drawing - Types of pictorial drawing
Pictorial Drawing - Principles of isometric and oblique drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define pictorial drawing
- Identify different types of pictorial drawing
- Relate pictorial drawings to product designs and assembly instructions

- Use digital or print media to search for information on types of pictorial drawing
- Observe illustrations of isometric, oblique and perspective drawings
- Discuss the differences between types of pictorial drawings

What are the different types of pictorial drawings?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 75
- Textbooks on technical drawing
- Sample pictorial drawings
- Digital devices
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 76
- Drawing instruments
- Set squares (30-60°, 45°)
- Graph paper

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests

Fundamentals of Electricity

Pictorial Drawing - Drawing on isometric and oblique grids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw objects on isometric grid paper
- Draw objects on oblique grid paper
- Use grid drawings to design simple electrical enclosures

- Use isometric grid paper to draw regular shaped objects
- Use oblique grid paper to draw regular shaped objects
- Compare drawings on both grid types

How do you use grid papers to create pictorial drawings?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 82
- Isometric grid paper
- Oblique grid paper
- Pencils, erasers

- Practical tasks - Portfolio - Peer assessment

Fundamentals of Electricity

Pictorial Drawing - Drawing isometric circles
Pictorial Drawing - Interpreting 2D and 3D views
Pictorial Drawing - Applications of pictorial drawings in engineering

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the four-centre method for drawing isometric circles
- Draw isometric circles using compass
- Apply isometric circle drawing to represent cylindrical electrical components

- Explain the importance of pictorial drawings in engineering design
- Describe applications of pictorial drawings in manufacturing
- Relate pictorial drawings to assembly instructions and product manuals

- Follow step-by-step procedure to draw isometric circles
- Practice drawing isometric boxes and locating arc centres
- Complete isometric circles using compass method

- Use digital or print media to search for applications of pictorial drawings
- Discuss how pictorial drawings enhance visualisation
- Present findings on the importance of pictorial drawings in engineering

How do you draw circles in isometric projection?
Why are pictorial drawings important in engineering design?

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 86
- Compass, ruler
- Set squares
- Drawing paper
- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 89
- Sample pictorial drawings
- Drawing instruments
- Graph paper

- Master Electricity Learner's Book Grade 10 pg. 93
- Engineering drawings
- Assembly manuals
- Digital devices

- Practical tasks - Portfolio - Observation
- Oral questions - Presentations - Written tests