Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Factorisation of algebraic expressions
Algebraic Expressions - Identifying like and unlike terms in factorisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define factorisation as the reverse of expansion
- Identify the highest common factor (HCF) in algebraic expressions
- Appreciate the use of factorisation in simplifying expressions

- Make three sets of cards showing algebraic expressions and their factored forms
- Match cards from different rows to form equations
- Discuss and identify common factors in terms
- Write HCF in front of brackets and remaining factors inside

How do we factorise algebraic expressions?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 65
- Number cards
- Algebraic expression cards
- Charts
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 67
- Factor cards
- Worksheets
- Group work materials

- Observation - Card matching activity - Oral questions

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Simplification of algebraic fractions
Algebraic Expressions - Advanced simplification practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of simplifying algebraic fractions
- Simplify algebraic fractions by finding LCM of denominators
- Value accuracy in simplifying fractions

- Discuss like and unlike terms in algebraic fractions
- Find LCM of denominators in algebraic fractions
- Combine fractions with different denominators
- Practice simplifying complex algebraic fractions

How do we simplify algebraic expressions?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 68
- Fraction charts
- LCM charts
- Worksheets
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 69
- Practice worksheets
- Real-life problem cards
- Calculators

- Written tests - Practical exercises - Problem-solving

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Using IT devices and application
Linear Equations - Forming linear equations in two unknowns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify IT resources for learning algebra
- Use IT devices to work out algebra exercises and drag-drop activities
- Enjoy using algebraic expressions in real life situations

- Use IT devices to work out exercises and activities in algebra
- Engage in drag and drop activities of grouping similar terms
- Play online games simplifying algebraic expressions
- Discuss applications with peers and parents

How can technology enhance our understanding of algebra?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 71
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Algebra apps/software
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 72
- Beam balance
- Masses (500g)
- Marbles
- Shopping scenario cards

- Observation - Digital assessment - Participation

Algebra

Linear Equations - More practice on forming equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Interpret word problems involving two unknowns
- Form linear equations from various real-life scenarios
- Appreciate the relevance of equations in daily life

- Write equations to represent ages, costs, and quantities
- Form equations from perimeter problems
- Create equations from problems involving animals and farming
- Practice with two-digit number problems

Where do we use linear equations in two unknowns in real life situations?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 73
- Word problem cards
- Real-life scenario cards
- Worksheets

- Written exercises - Problem-solving - Class activities

Algebra

Linear Equations - Solving by substitution method
Linear Equations - Advanced practice on substitution method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the substitution method for solving simultaneous equations
- Solve linear equations in two unknowns using substitution systematically
- Show precision in solving equations

- Write equations from fruit vendor scenario
- Name equations as (i) and (ii)
- Write one variable in terms of another
- Replace and simplify to find values of unknowns

How do we use substitution method to solve linear equations?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 74
- Fruit pictures
- Equation cards
- Step-by-step charts
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 75
- Practice worksheets
- Real-life problem cards
- Calculators

- Written tests - Practical exercises - Oral questions

Algebra

Linear Equations - Solving by elimination method
Linear Equations - More practice on elimination method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the elimination method for solving simultaneous equations
- Solve linear equations using elimination method systematically
- Appreciate the efficiency of elimination method

- Form equations from shopping scenarios (plates and cups)
- Multiply equations to make coefficients equal
- Subtract corresponding parts to eliminate one variable
- Solve for remaining variable and substitute back

How do we solve equations using elimination method?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 76
- Shopping scenario cards
- Elimination charts
- Step-by-step guides
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 78
- Comparison charts
- Practice worksheets
- Method selection guides

- Written exercises - Practical work - Oral questions

Algebra
Measurements

Linear Equations - Application in real-life situations
Circles - Circumference of a circle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss various applications of linear equations in daily life
- Apply linear equations to solve real-life problems involving rectangles, costs, and quantities
- Recognize use of linear equations in real life

- Find sum and difference of two numbers using equations
- Solve problems about rectangular flower beds
- Work out problems involving hiring labourers
- Apply equations to school fees and shopping scenarios
- Watch videos on linear equations applications

How do linear equations help us solve real-life problems?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 79
- Video resources
- Real-life scenario cards
- Digital devices
- Application worksheets
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 81
- Strings
- Sticks
- Rulers
- Circular objects

- Portfolio assessment - Presentations - Written assignments - Self-assessment

Measurements

Circles - Finding circumference of circular objects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify circular objects in the environment
- Work out the circumference of different circular objects accurately
- Show interest in measuring circular objects

- Discuss and find circumference of different circular objects in the environment
- Complete tables to find missing measurements (radius, diameter, circumference)
- Calculate circumference of bicycle wheels and clock hands
- Solve real-life problems involving wheels and revolutions

Where do we find circles in our environment?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 82
- Bicycle wheels
- Clock models
- Measuring tape
- Circular objects

- Written tests - Practical work - Problem-solving

Measurements

Circles - Length of an arc
Circles - Perimeter of a sector

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define an arc as a portion of circumference
- Calculate arc length using the formula Arc length = (θ/360) × 2πr
- Value the importance of arc calculations in real life

- Make dummy clock using available resources
- Trace path of minute hand in one revolution
- Measure angles at centre and calculate arc lengths
- Use cut outs to relate arcs to sectors

How do we calculate the length of an arc?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 84
- Cartons for clock
- Protractors
- Strings
- Rulers
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 86
- Drawing instruments

- Practical exercises - Written assignments - Oral questions

Measurements

Circles - Application and use of IT resources
Area - Area of a circle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss various applications of circles in real life
- Use IT or other resources to explore use of sectors and arcs
- Promote use of circles in real life situations

- Solve problems involving merry-go-rounds, shot put areas
- Calculate perimeters of semicircular objects
- Use IT devices to explore circle applications
- Work on complex problems involving multiple circles

How do we use circles in real life situations?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 87
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Real-life scenario cards
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 88
- Plain paper
- Scissors
- Rulers
- Circular cut-outs

- Portfolio assessment - Presentations - Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Calculating areas of circles with different radii
Area - Area of a sector of a circle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the formula for area of a circle
- Calculate areas of circles given radius or diameter
- Show accuracy in area calculations

- Calculate areas of circles with various radii
- Find radius when area is given
- Solve problems involving circular mats and grazing fields
- Work out problems involving wire reshaping

What is the relationship between radius and area?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 89
- Calculators
- Worksheets
- Problem cards
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 91
- Drawing instruments
- Protractors
- Paper for folding

- Written tests - Problem-solving - Class activities

Measurements

Area - Surface area of cubes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain that a cube has 6 equal square faces
- Calculate total surface area using formula: TSA = 6 × length × length
- Show understanding of closed and open cubes

- Study cubes and count number of faces
- Measure sides of each face
- Calculate area of each face
- Derive formula for surface area of closed and open cubes

How do we calculate surface area of cubes?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 92
- Cube models
- Rulers
- Measuring tape
- Worksheets

- Written tests - Practical work - Problem-solving

Measurements

Area - Surface area of cuboids
Area - Surface area of cylinders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify that cuboids have three pairs of equal rectangular faces
- Calculate surface area of cuboids systematically
- Appreciate applications of cuboid surface areas

- Pick textbooks and measure length, width, height
- Calculate area of each surface
- Use models to understand pairs of equal sides
- Derive formula for surface area

How is surface area of cuboid different from cube?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 94
- Cuboid objects
- Rulers
- Cartons
- Measuring instruments
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 97
- Cylindrical objects
- Scissors
- Paper cylinders

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Measurements

Area - Closed and open cylinders
Area - Surface area of triangular prisms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between closed, open cylinders and pipes
- Calculate total surface area including circular ends
- Apply formulas to solve real-life problems

- Calculate total surface area of closed cylinders
- Work out surface area of open tanks and pipes
- Solve problems involving petrol tanks and water pipes
- Calculate surface area of semi-cylindrical troughs

When do we use different cylinder formulas?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 99
- Cylinder models
- Calculators
- Real-life scenario cards
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 100
- Prism models
- Rulers
- Measuring instruments
- Worksheets

- Written assignments - Problem-solving - Class tests

Measurements

Area - Applications of triangular prisms
Area - Area of irregular shapes using square grids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss real-life objects in the shape of triangular prisms
- Calculate surface areas of dust pans, tents, and goal posts
- Show interest in applying prism knowledge

- Calculate surface area of rabbit hutches
- Work out surface area of tents and dust pans
- Solve problems involving wedges
- Calculate surface area of handball goal posts covered with nets

Where do we find triangular prisms in real life?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 102
- Real-life problem cards
- Prism models
- Calculators
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 103
- Graph paper
- Square grids
- Leaves
- Pencils

- Written assignments - Problem-solving - Presentations

Measurements

Area - Estimating areas of maps and other irregular shapes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply square grid method to various irregular shapes
- Estimate areas of maps, assembly zones, and hand traces
- Promote use of area estimation in real life

- Estimate area of fire assembly zones
- Work out area of constituency maps
- Estimate area of Kenya map
- Trace palm of hand and estimate its area

What are practical uses of estimating irregular areas?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 105
- Graph paper
- Maps
- Tracing paper
- Calculators

- Portfolio assessment - Practical work - Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Interest and principal
Money - Calculating simple interest

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define interest as extra money paid on borrowed amount
- Define principal as money borrowed
- Appreciate understanding of financial terms

- Discuss amount of money that can be borrowed from mobile money providers
- Calculate difference between amount borrowed and paid back
- Identify institutions that offer loans
- Complete tables relating principal, interest and total amount

What is interest in money?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 107
- Sample loan documents
- Calculators
- Financial scenario cards
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 109
- Formula charts
- Loan scenario cards

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Class activities

Measurements

Money - Applications of simple interest
Money - Compound interest calculation step by step

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss various situations where simple interest applies
- Calculate amount paid back including interest
- Apply simple interest to solve real-life problems

- Calculate interest for businessmen borrowing from financial institutions
- Work out amount in bank accounts after interest
- Find rate of simple interest from given information
- Calculate interest earned on deposits

Where do we use simple interest in real life?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 110
- Calculators
- Real-life problem cards
- Bank documents (samples)
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 112
- Step-by-step charts
- Comparison worksheets

- Written assignments - Problem-solving - Oral presentations

Measurements

Money - Working out appreciation per annum
Money - Working out depreciation per annum

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define appreciation as gain in value of a commodity
- Calculate appreciation using compound interest method
- Show understanding that appreciation is calculated like compound interest

- Discuss meaning of appreciation in relation to monetary value
- List items that appreciate in value
- Calculate appreciation of land value year by year
- Apply appreciation formula to various scenarios

What items appreciate in value and why?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 115
- Calculators
- Appreciation scenario cards
- Charts
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 116
- Depreciation charts
- Real-life examples

- Written exercises - Problem-solving - Oral questions

Measurements

Money - Hire purchase

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain hire purchase as buying goods through installments
- Calculate total cost under hire purchase
- Show consumer awareness in comparing cash and hire purchase prices

- Visit places offering hire purchase or do online searches
- Discuss different terms of purchase
- Calculate installment periods and total amounts
- Compare hire purchase prices with cash prices for consumer protection

How do we pay for goods on hire purchase?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 117
- Hire purchase documents
- Price comparison charts
- Calculators

- Written assignments - Research projects - Oral presentations

Measurements
4.0: Geometry
4.0: Geometry
4.0: Geometry

Money - Visiting financial institutions and using IT for shopping
4.1: Geometrical Constructions - Constructing parallel lines using ruler and compasses
4.1: Geometrical Constructions - Constructing parallel lines using set square and ruler
4.1: Geometrical Constructions - Constructing perpendicular bisector of a line

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss information gathered from financial institutions
- Use IT to access online shopping platforms and identify terms of sale
- Spend money responsibly on needs and leisure

- Visit or invite resource persons from banks and SACCOs
- Gather information about interest rates offered on deposits
- Use IT to access online shopping platforms
- Discuss terms of sale for consumer awareness and protection

How do we make informed financial decisions?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 118
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Financial institution brochures
- Guest speakers
- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 119
- Ruler
- Pair of compasses
- Pencil
- Plain paper
- Set square
- Drawing paper
- Protractor

- Portfolio assessment - Presentations - Reflection journals - Self-assessment

4.0: Geometry

4.1: Geometrical Constructions - Constructing perpendicular from a point to a line using compasses
4.1: Geometrical Constructions - Constructing perpendicular using set square and ruler
4.1: Geometrical Constructions - Proportional division of a line

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the method of constructing perpendicular from a point to a line
- Construct perpendicular from a point to a line using compasses and ruler
- Demonstrate patience in following construction steps

- Draw a line and mark point above it
- Use compass to draw arc crossing the line at two points
- Draw intersecting arcs from these points
- Join point to arc intersection
- Measure angles to verify perpendicularity

How do we find the shortest distance from a point to a line?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 119
- Ruler
- Pair of compasses
- Protractor
- Plain paper
- Set square
- Pencil
- Drawing paper

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical tasks

4.0: Geometry

4.1: Geometrical Constructions - Sum of interior angles of polygons
4.1: Geometrical Constructions - Exterior angles of polygons
4.1: Geometrical Constructions - Constructing regular triangles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the formula for sum of interior angles of polygons
- Calculate sum of interior angles and number of right angles in polygons
- Show interest in exploring polygon properties

- Draw triangles and measure interior angles
- Find sum of interior angles
- Divide sum by right angles
- Draw polygons with different numbers of sides
- Subdivide polygons into triangles
- Apply formula for sum of angles

How does the number of sides affect the sum of interior angles?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 119
- Ruler
- Protractor
- Pair of compasses
- Calculator
- Chart showing polygon properties
- Pencil

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

4.0: Geometry

4.1: Geometrical Constructions - Constructing regular quadrilaterals (squares)
4.1: Geometrical Constructions - Constructing regular pentagons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe properties of squares
- Construct a square using ruler and compasses
- Demonstrate accuracy in perpendicular construction

- Draw line of given length
- Construct perpendicular at one end using compasses
- Mark point along perpendicular
- Use both ends as centers to locate fourth vertex
- Join points to form square
- Measure angles to verify right angles at each vertex

How do we ensure all angles in a square are right angles using only compass and ruler?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 119
- Ruler
- Pair of compasses
- Protractor
- Plain paper
- Pencil
- Calculator

- Observation - Practical tasks - Peer assessment

4.0: Geometry

4.1: Geometrical Constructions - Constructing regular hexagons and circles
4.2: Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing labelled Cartesian plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify that interior angle of regular hexagon is 120°
- Construct regular hexagon and circles related to triangles
- Appreciate relationship between circles and polygons

- Construct regular hexagon using protractor
- Construct triangle and draw perpendicular bisectors
- Locate circumcenter and draw circumcircle
- Construct angle bisectors to find incenter and draw incircle
- Compare properties of different circles

How are circles related to regular polygons and triangles?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 119
- Ruler
- Protractor
- Pair of compasses
- Pencil
- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Graph paper
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical construction - Oral questions

4.0: Geometry

4.2: Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing Cartesian plane with different scales

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of scale in graphs
- Draw Cartesian plane with specified scales on both axes
- Demonstrate accuracy in scaling

- Draw Cartesian plane with various scales
- Practice with different unit representations
- Label axes correctly with chosen scale
- Discuss when to use different scales
- Compare graphs with different scales

How does scale affect the appearance of a graph?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Graph paper
- Ruler
- Pencil
- Calculator

- Observation - Practical tasks - Written tests

4.0: Geometry

4.2: Coordinates and Graphs - Identifying points on Cartesian plane
4.2: Coordinates and Graphs - Plotting points on Cartesian plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how to read coordinates of points
- Read coordinates of points on Cartesian plane correctly
- Show precision in reading coordinates

- Draw Cartesian plane and mark points
- Draw vertical line from point to x-axis to read x-coordinate
- Draw horizontal line from point to y-axis to read y-coordinate
- Write coordinates with x-value first, then y-value
- Practice reading multiple points in different quadrants

How do we describe the exact position of a point on a plane?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Graph paper
- Ruler
- Pencil
- Worksheet with points
- List of coordinates

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

4.0: Geometry

4.2: Coordinates and Graphs - Reading coordinates from graphs
4.2: Coordinates and Graphs - Generating table of values from linear equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify coordinates of plotted points on graphs
- Read coordinates from all four quadrants correctly
- Show accuracy in coordinate reading

- Examine graph with plotted points
- Write down coordinates of labeled points
- Identify points on x-axis and y-axis
- Match given coordinates to labeled points on graph
- Practice with various coordinate positions

What special coordinates do points on the axes have?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Graph paper with plotted points
- Ruler
- Pencil
- Practice worksheets
- Graph paper
- Calculator

- Observation - Written tests - Oral questions

4.0: Geometry

4.2: Coordinates and Graphs - Completing tables for linear equations
4.2: Coordinates and Graphs - Determining appropriate scale for graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify given values in equation tables
- Complete given tables using equations accurately
- Demonstrate algebraic skills in context

- Complete tables for equations in various forms
- Substitute given values to find missing values
- Generate complete tables for different equations
- Practice with whole numbers and fractions
- Verify completed tables

How do different forms of equations affect table generation?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Calculator
- Pencil
- Exercise book
- Practice worksheets
- Graph paper
- Ruler
- Data tables

- Observation - Written tests - Oral questions

4.0: Geometry

4.2: Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing line graphs from tables

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recall steps for drawing line graphs
- Draw straight lines through plotted points using appropriate scale
- Show accuracy in graphing

- Generate table of values using given equation
- Choose suitable scale
- Plot coordinates on Cartesian plane
- Join plotted points using ruler
- Draw line graphs for various equations
- Verify line passes through all points

Why do linear equations produce straight line graphs?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Graph paper
- Ruler
- Pencil
- Calculator

- Observation - Practical construction - Peer assessment

4.0: Geometry

4.2: Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing graphs for various linear equations
4.2: Coordinates and Graphs - Introduction to simultaneous equations graphically

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify equations representing horizontal and vertical lines
- Draw graphs for equations in different forms
- Demonstrate graphing skills

- Draw graphs for equations in various forms
- Draw horizontal and vertical lines
- Compare slopes of different lines
- Identify parallel and perpendicular lines
- Practice graphing multiple equations

What do certain equations represent graphically?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Graph paper
- Ruler
- Pencil
- Set of equations
- Calculator
- Number cards

- Observation - Written tests - Practical tasks

4.0: Geometry

4.2: Coordinates and Graphs - Solving simultaneous linear equations graphically
4.2: Coordinates and Graphs - Practice solving simultaneous equations with different forms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the graphical method for solving simultaneous equations
- Solve simultaneous equations using graphs accurately
- Demonstrate systematic approach

- Generate tables for both equations
- Choose appropriate scale for both equations
- Plot both lines on same Cartesian plane
- Identify point of intersection accurately
- Write solution as ordered pair
- Verify solution satisfies both equations

Why must the solution satisfy both equations?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Graph paper
- Ruler
- Calculator
- Pencil
- Scientific calculator

- Observation - Problem-solving - Written tests

4.0: Geometry

4.2: Coordinates and Graphs - Applying simultaneous equations to real-life problems
4.3: Scale Drawing - Representation of length to given scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State real-life situations involving simultaneous equations
- Formulate and solve simultaneous equations from word problems graphically
- Appreciate practical applications of mathematics

- Formulate equations from shopping scenarios
- Set up equations from pricing problems
- Solve using graphical method
- Interpret solutions in context
- Discuss other real-life applications

How do simultaneous equations help solve everyday problems?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Graph paper
- Ruler
- Calculator
- Real-life problem cards
- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Tape measure
- Pencil
- Drawing paper

- Observation - Problem-solving - Oral questions

4.0: Geometry

4.3: Scale Drawing - Converting actual length to scale length

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the formula for converting actual length to scale length
- Convert actual measurements to scale measurements accurately
- Demonstrate computational skills

- Apply given scales to convert measurements
- Complete tables converting actual to scale lengths
- Calculate scale lengths using various scales
- Work with different units
- Practice systematic conversions

How do we calculate scale length from actual length?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Calculator
- Ruler
- Conversion tables
- Pencil

- Observation - Written assignments - Problem-solving

4.0: Geometry

4.3: Scale Drawing - Converting scale length to actual length
4.3: Scale Drawing - Interpreting linear scales in statement form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of converting scale to actual measurements
- Convert scale measurements to actual measurements accurately
- Show systematic calculation approach

- Measure lengths on scale diagrams
- Use given scales to find actual lengths
- Calculate actual distances
- Work with different unit conversions
- Practice reverse calculations

How do we find real dimensions from scale drawings?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Ruler
- Calculator
- Scale drawings
- Pencil
- Maps with linear scales
- Sample plans

- Observation - Written tests - Practical tasks

4.0: Geometry

4.3: Scale Drawing - Writing linear scales in statement form
4.3: Scale Drawing - Interpreting linear scales in ratio form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recall the format for writing scales in statement form
- Express scales in statement form clearly and accurately
- Demonstrate understanding of scale notation

- Express given scales in statement form
- Write statements using proper format
- Practice with scales showing various divisions
- Convert linear scales to statements
- Discuss advantages of statement form

Why is statement form useful for describing scales?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Ruler
- Linear scale examples
- Pencil
- Drawing paper
- Calculator
- Conversion charts

- Observation - Written tests - Practical tasks

4.0: Geometry

4.3: Scale Drawing - Writing linear scales in ratio form
4.3: Scale Drawing - Converting scale from statement to ratio form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the requirements for writing scales in ratio form
- Write scales in ratio form correctly without units
- Demonstrate accuracy in conversions

- Complete tables converting statement to ratio form
- Convert scales with various measurements
- Write map scales in ratio form
- Calculate ratios for different scenarios
- Practice systematic conversions

How do we ensure accuracy when converting to ratio form?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Calculator
- Conversion tables
- Pencil
- Practice worksheets
- Ruler
- Unit conversion chart

- Observation - Written assignments - Problem-solving

4.0: Geometry

4.3: Scale Drawing - Converting scale from ratio to statement form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of converting ratio to statement form
- Convert ratio form scales to statement form using appropriate units
- Demonstrate understanding of both forms

- Convert ratio scales to statement form
- Determine appropriate units for actual measurements
- Express scales clearly in words
- Practice with various ratio scales
- Choose suitable units for statements

How do we choose appropriate units in statement form?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Atlas
- Calculator
- Ruler
- Pencil

- Observation - Problem-solving - Oral questions

4.0: Geometry

4.3: Scale Drawing - Making scale drawings with calculations
4.3: Scale Drawing - Scale drawings with distance calculations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify dimensions needed for scale drawings
- Calculate scale lengths and make accurate scale drawings
- Show precision in measurements and drawing

- Calculate scale lengths before drawing
- Make accurate scale drawings of various shapes
- Apply appropriate scales
- Measure and verify dimensions
- Calculate areas from scale drawings

Why must we calculate scale lengths before drawing?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Ruler
- Pencil
- Calculator
- Drawing paper
- Pair of compasses
- Graph paper

- Observation - Practical construction - Written tests

4.0: Geometry

4.3: Scale Drawing - Using maps and demonstrating scale
4.3: Scale Drawing - Application problems with scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify scales on actual maps
- Read scales from maps and measure distances accurately
- Appreciate real-world applications of scale

- Examine maps in atlas
- Identify and read map scales
- Measure distances between locations
- Calculate actual distances using scale
- Compare different maps with different scales
- Discuss map features

How does scale choice affect what we can show on a map?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Atlas
- Maps
- Ruler
- Calculator
- Digital resources
- Problem cards
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical measurement - Oral questions

4.0: Geometry

4.3: Scale Drawing - Using ICT for scale and maps
4.4: Common Solids - Identifying common solids from environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how digital maps use scale
- Use digital devices to display maps and demonstrate zoom functions
- Show digital literacy in geography context

- Access digital maps on devices
- Use zoom function to change scale
- Observe how scale changes with zoom level
- Measure distances on digital maps
- Compare scale indicators on digital and paper maps
- Discuss advantages of digital tools

How does zooming affect the scale of a digital map?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Digital devices (tablets/computers)
- Internet access
- Digital mapping software
- Projector
- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 176
- Collection of solid objects
- Models of solids
- Pictures of buildings
- Digital images

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Oral questions

4.0: Geometry

4.4: Common Solids - Properties of solids (faces, edges, vertices)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define faces, edges and vertices
- Identify and count faces, edges and vertices of given solids
- Show understanding of 3D properties

- Examine labeled solids
- Name all faces of solids
- Identify all edges
- Locate all vertices
- Practice with different solids
- Record properties systematically

How do faces, edges and vertices define a solid?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 176
- Models of solids
- Ruler
- Labels
- Worksheet

- Observation - Written assignments - Practical identification

4.0: Geometry

4.4: Common Solids - Sketching nets of cubes
4.4: Common Solids - Sketching nets of cuboids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term "net" of a solid
- Sketch nets of closed and open cubes
- Demonstrate spatial visualization

- Label cube vertices
- Cut cube along specified edges
- Lay out faces on flat surface
- Sketch net showing all faces for closed cube
- Sketch net showing appropriate faces for open cube
- Identify different possible net arrangements

How does a 3D cube transform into a 2D net?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 176
- Model cubes
- Scissors/razor blade
- Ruler
- Pencil
- Plain paper
- Model cuboids
- Grid paper

- Observation - Practical construction - Peer assessment

4.0: Geometry

4.4: Common Solids - Sketching nets of cylinders
4.4: Common Solids - Sketching nets of pyramids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of cylinder nets
- Sketch nets of closed and open cylinders
- Understand curved surface as rectangle
- Show understanding of cylinder properties

- Cut cylinder to remove bases
- Cut along height to open curved surface
- Observe curved surface forms rectangle
- Note rectangle dimensions relate to circumference
- Sketch nets for closed and open cylinders
- Label components

Why does the curved surface become a rectangle?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 176
- Model cylinders
- Scissors/razor blade
- Ruler
- Pair of compasses
- Pencil
- Model pyramids
- Drawing paper

- Observation - Practical construction - Oral questions

4.0: Geometry

4.4: Common Solids - Sketching nets of cones
4.4: Common Solids - Matching solids to nets and vice versa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of cone nets
- Sketch nets of cones showing sector shape
- Appreciate relationship between arc and circumference

- Cut base from cone
- Cut curved surface along slant height
- Observe curved surface forms sector
- Note relationship between arc length and base circumference
- Sketch net showing circle and sector
- Label components

Why does the cone's curved surface form a sector?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 176
- Model cones
- Scissors/razor blade
- Protractor
- Pair of compasses
- Pencil
- Various nets
- Model solids
- Ruler
- Matching cards

- Observation - Practical construction - Written assignments

4.0: Geometry

4.4: Common Solids - Surface area of cubes from nets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the formula for surface area of cube
- Calculate total surface area of cube from its net
- Show systematic calculation approach

- Measure sides of cube
- Sketch net of cube
- Calculate area of one face
- Multiply by number of faces
- Practice with cubes of different dimensions
- Verify by drawing net and calculating

How does knowing one side help find total surface area?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 176
- Model cubes
- Ruler
- Calculator
- Pencil
- Net templates

- Observation - Written tests - Problem-solving

4.0: Geometry

4.4: Common Solids - Surface area of cuboids from nets
4.4: Common Solids - Surface area of cylinders from nets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the formula for surface area of cuboid
- Calculate total surface area of cuboid from nets
- Show organized calculation method

- Draw net of cuboid with given dimensions
- Calculate areas of different faces
- Identify pairs of equal faces
- Add all areas to find total
- Practice with various dimensions
- Verify calculations

Why do we calculate surface area in pairs for cuboids?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 176
- Model cuboids
- Ruler
- Calculator
- Grid paper
- Pencil
- Model cylinders
- Pair of compasses
- Formula chart

- Observation - Written assignments - Practical calculations

4.0: Geometry

4.4: Common Solids - Surface area of pyramids from nets
4.4: Common Solids - Surface area of cones and distance on surfaces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of pyramid surface area
- Calculate total surface area of pyramid from nets
- Show systematic approach to complex calculations

- Draw net showing base and triangular faces
- Calculate base area
- Calculate area of each triangular face
- Add base area to sum of triangular areas
- Practice with different dimensions
- Verify calculations

How do we find the slant height if not given?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 176
- Model pyramids
- Ruler
- Calculator
- Pencil
- Net templates
- Model cones and cuboids
- Protractor
- String
- Scissors

- Observation - Written assignments - Problem-solving

4.0: Geometry

4.4: Common Solids - Making models of hollow solids (cubes and cuboids)
4.4: Common Solids - Making models of cylinders, cones and pyramids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- List steps for making hollow models
- Construct hollow cube and cuboid models from nets
- Show craftsmanship in model making

- Draw nets accurately on manila paper
- Include flaps for joining faces
- Cut out nets carefully
- Fold along marked lines
- Paste flaps to form hollow solids
- Display completed models

Why do we need flaps when making hollow models?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 176
- Manila paper
- Ruler
- Pencil
- Scissors
- Glue/paste
- Colored markers
- Pair of compasses
- Protractor
- Glue

- Observation - Practical construction - Peer assessment

4.0: Geometry

4.4: Common Solids - Using IT devices and drawing technology

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify technology tools for learning about solids
- Use technology to explore and draw solids and nets
- Appreciate technology in mathematics learning

- Watch educational videos about solids
- Use software to draw 3D shapes
- Explore rotating solids digitally
- Practice drawing nets using technology
- Use apps to visualize net folding
- Share digital creations

How does technology enhance our understanding of 3D shapes?

- MASTER Mathematics Grade 8 Learner's Book pg. 176
- Computers/tablets
- Internet access
- GeoGebra software
- Projector
- 3D modeling apps

- Observation - Digital portfolio - Oral presentation - Peer evaluation