Numbers

Integers - Identification of integers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define integers and distinguish them from non-integers
- Identify positive integers, negative integers and zero in different situations
- Appreciate the use of integers in daily life situations

- Discuss and find readings of thermometers showing positive and negative values
- Classify numbers as integers or non-integers
- Use real-life situations like floors above and below ground to represent integers

How do we identify integers in real life situations?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 1
- Thermometers
- Number cards
- Charts with integers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercises

Numbers

Integers - Representation of integers on number line
Integers - Addition of integers on number line
Integers - Subtraction of integers on number line

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of a number line and its components
- Represent integers on a number line accurately
- Show interest in using number lines to represent integers

- Draw straight lines and mark zero at the center
- Write positive integers to the right and negative integers to the left at equal intervals
- Practice representing different sets of integers on number lines

How do we represent integers on a number line?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 2
- Manila paper
- Rulers
- Markers
- Number lines
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 3
- Number cards
- Ground markings
- Chalk
- Counters
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 4
- Playground space

- Observation - Practical work - Written assignments

Numbers

Integers - Combined operations on number line
Integers - Application of integers using IT resources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the order of combined operations on integers
- Perform combined addition and subtraction of integers on number line
- Show confidence in solving problems involving integers

- Practice mixed operations using number lines
- Solve problems involving temperature changes
- Work out problems involving floors in buildings

How do we perform combined operations of integers?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 5
- Number lines
- Temperature gauges
- Real-life problem cards
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 6
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Integer games/apps

- Written exercises - Problem-solving tasks - Observation

Numbers

Fractions - Order of operations in fractions
Fractions - Operations on fractions from shopping activities
Fractions - Word problems involving fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the correct order of operations in fractions (BODMAS)
- Carry out combined operations on fractions accurately
- Appreciate the importance of following correct order

- Discuss and use correct order of operations in fractions
- Work through operations in brackets first, then multiplication/division, then addition/subtraction
- Copy operations on number cards and solve

How do we use fractions in real life situations?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 8
- Fraction cards
- Calculators
- Charts showing BODMAS
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 9
- Shopping lists
- Price tags
- Play money
- Fraction pieces
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 10
- Word problem cards
- Fraction charts
- Measuring tools

- Written tests - Class activities - Oral questions

Numbers

Fractions - Games and IT activities on fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe different games involving fractions
- Use IT devices for learning operations on fractions and play games
- Enjoy learning about fractions

- Play games of operations on fractions using IT devices or other resources
- Engage in drag and drop activities online
- Use fraction apps for practice

How can we make learning fractions more interesting?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 11
- Tablets/computers
- Internet access
- Fraction games

- Observation - Game performance - Digital assessment

Numbers

Fractions - Mixed practice on combined operations
Fractions - Application and reflection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recall the order of operations in fractions
- Solve complex combined fraction operations proficiently
- Show confidence in working with fractions

- Practice solving mixed fraction problems
- Work in groups on challenging fraction tasks
- Present solutions to the class

What strategies help us solve complex fraction problems?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 12
- Exercise books
- Fraction worksheets
- Group work materials
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 13
- Portfolio materials
- Reflection journals

- Written tests - Group presentations - Peer assessment

Numbers

Decimals - Conversion of fractions to decimals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the relationship between fractions and decimals
- Convert fractions to decimals using different methods
- Appreciate the connection between fractions and decimals

- Practice converting fractions to decimals using equivalent fractions with denominators as powers of 10
- Use long division method to convert fractions
- Complete conversion tables

How do we convert fractions to decimals?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 13
- Conversion charts
- Calculators
- Place value charts

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Class activities

Numbers

Decimals - Identifying and converting recurring decimals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define recurring and non-recurring decimals
- Identify recurring decimals and convert them to fractions correctly
- Show interest in working with recurring decimals

- Discuss and classify non-recurring and recurring decimals
- Indicate recurring digits using dot notation
- Practice converting recurring decimals to fractions using algebraic method

How do we identify and work with recurring decimals?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 15
- Decimal cards
- Number cards
- Calculators

- Written tests - Practical exercises - Observation

Numbers

Decimals - Rounding off decimals to decimal places
Decimals - Expressing numbers in significant figures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the rules for rounding off decimals
- Round off decimal numbers to required decimal places accurately
- Value accuracy in rounding decimals

- Discuss and round off decimal numbers to required decimal places
- Practice rounding to 1, 2, 3 decimal places
- Use place value charts to understand rounding

How do we round off decimals correctly?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 19
- Place value charts
- Decimal number cards
- Rounding worksheets
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 21
- Number charts
- Worksheets
- Scientific calculators

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Class tests

Numbers

Decimals - Expressing numbers in standard form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define standard form notation A × 10ⁿ
- Write numbers in standard form correctly and convert them back
- Appreciate the use of standard form for very large and small numbers

- Write numbers in standard form on learning materials such as cards or charts
- Practice expressing very large and very small numbers
- Understand the power of 10 notation

How do we express numbers in standard form?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 23
- Standard form cards
- Calculators
- Charts

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Class activities

Numbers

Decimals - Combined operations on decimals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the correct order of operations for decimals
- Work out combined operations on decimals systematically
- Show confidence in solving decimal problems

- Work out combined operations on decimals in the correct order
- Practice problems involving brackets, multiplication, division, addition and subtraction
- Solve complex decimal calculations

How do we perform combined operations on decimals?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 24
- Operation cards
- Calculators
- Worksheets

- Written tests - Problem-solving - Observation

Numbers

Decimals - Application of decimals to real life
Decimals - Games and digital activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify situations where decimals are used in daily life
- Apply decimals to solve practical problems
- Promote use of decimals in daily activities

- Discuss and apply decimals to real life cases
- Solve problems involving money, measurements, temperature
- Work with real-life scenarios

Where do we use decimals in our daily lives?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 26
- Real-life problem cards
- Measuring instruments
- Price lists
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 27
- Digital devices
- Decimal games/apps
- Internet access

- Practical tasks - Written assignments - Oral presentations

Numbers

Squares and Square Roots - Reading squares from tables

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to read mathematical tables for squares
- Work out squares of numbers between 1.0 and 9.999 from tables
- Show accuracy in using mathematical tables

- Read and write the squares of numbers from tables
- Practice locating numbers in the table and reading their squares
- Work through examples using Table 1.3

What are squares of numbers?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 29
- Mathematical tables
- Number cards
- Worksheets

- Practical exercises - Written tests - Observation

Numbers

Squares and Square Roots - Squares of large numbers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the method for finding squares of numbers above 10
- Work out squares of numbers above 10 using standard form and tables
- Demonstrate systematic approach in calculations

- Practice finding squares of numbers above 10 using standard form method
- Convert numbers to standard form A × 10ⁿ
- Calculate squares and express in ordinary form

How do we find squares of numbers greater than 10?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 33
- Mathematical tables
- Standard form charts
- Calculators

- Written exercises - Class activities - Oral questions

Numbers

Squares and Square Roots - Squares of numbers less than 1
Squares and Square Roots - Reading square roots from tables

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process for squaring decimal numbers less than 1
- Find squares of decimal numbers less than 1 using tables
- Show precision in working with small numbers

- Practice finding squares of numbers less than 1
- Use standard form with negative powers of 10
- Apply systematic method for calculations

How do we find squares of numbers less than 1?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 35
- Mathematical tables
- Decimal cards
- Worksheets
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 37
- Square root charts
- Number cards

- Written tests - Practical exercises - Problem-solving

Numbers

Squares and Square Roots - Square roots of large numbers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the method for finding square roots of numbers 100 and above
- Find square roots of numbers 100 and above using tables
- Show systematic approach in calculations

- Practice finding square roots of numbers above 100
- Use standard form method
- Work with both Table 1.4 and Table 1.5 appropriately

How do we find square roots of numbers above 100?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 39
- Mathematical tables (Tables 1.4 & 1.5)
- Worksheets
- Calculators

- Written exercises - Practical work - Observation

Numbers

Squares and Square Roots - Using calculators for squares and square roots
Rates, Ratio, Proportions and Percentages - Identifying rates

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the square and square root functions on a calculator
- Work out squares and square roots using a calculator correctly
- Appreciate the efficiency of using calculators

- Practice working out squares and square roots using a calculator
- Compare calculator results with table results
- Use IT devices or other materials to play square and square root games

How do calculators help us find squares and square roots?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 42
- Scientific calculators
- Digital devices
- Comparison worksheets
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 44
- Stopwatches
- Rate cards
- Mobile phones (for demonstration)

- Practical exercises - Observation - Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratio, Proportions and Percentages - Working out rates

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the method for calculating rates
- Calculate rates from given information accurately
- Show precision in rate calculations

- Carry out activities to determine rates
- Calculate rates per unit time or quantity
- Solve rate problems from real-life contexts

How do we calculate rates from given information?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 46
- Timers
- Measuring tools
- Rate worksheets

- Written tests - Problem-solving - Class activities

Numbers

Rates, Ratio, Proportions and Percentages - Expressing fractions as ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to convert fractions to ratios
- Express fractions as ratios in simplest form
- Value precision in ratio work

- Use cut outs from whole objects to relate fractions to ratios
- Practice writing fractions as numerator : denominator
- Simplify ratios to lowest terms

How do we express fractions as ratios?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 48
- Cut-out materials
- Ratio cards
- Counters

- Written exercises - Practical work - Oral questions

Numbers

Rates, Ratio, Proportions and Percentages - Comparing ratios
Rates, Ratio, Proportions and Percentages - Division of quantities in ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe methods for comparing two or more ratios
- Compare ratios using percentage method and LCM method
- Show systematic approach in comparing ratios

- Discuss and compare ratios from cut outs
- Use LCM method to compare ratios
- Express ratios as percentages for easy comparison

How do we compare two or more ratios?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 50
- Comparison charts
- Ratio cards
- Calculators
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 51
- Counters
- Bottle tops
- Sharing materials

- Written tests - Class activities - Problem-solving

Numbers

Rates, Ratio, Proportions and Percentages - Working out ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the method for finding ratios from given quantities
- Work out ratios in different situations
- Appreciate applications of ratios in daily life

- Calculate ratios from given quantities
- Find missing values in ratio problems
- Apply ratios to real situations

How do we determine ratios from given information?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 53
- Data cards
- Real-life examples
- Worksheets

- Written tests - Problem-solving - Oral questions

Numbers

Rates, Ratio, Proportions and Percentages - Increase and decrease using ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how ratios show increase or decrease in quantities
- Work out increase and decrease of quantities using ratios
- Apply ratio changes to real situations

- Discuss and determine increase and decrease using ratios
- Use the format new : old to express changes
- Solve problems involving ratio changes

How do ratios represent increase or decrease?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 55
- Change scenario cards
- Calculators
- Worksheets

- Written exercises - Class activities - Problem-solving

Numbers

Rates, Ratio, Proportions and Percentages - Percentage increase
Rates, Ratio, Proportions and Percentages - Percentage decrease

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define percentage increase
- Calculate percentage increase accurately using the formula
- Show precision in percentage calculations

- Discuss and determine percentage increase of different quantities
- Use the formula: percentage change = (change/original) × 100%
- Solve real-life percentage problems

How do we calculate percentage increase?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 57
- Percentage charts
- Calculators
- Problem cards
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 58
- Discount cards
- Price lists

- Written tests - Practical exercises - Oral questions

Numbers

Rates, Ratio, Proportions and Percentages - Identifying direct proportions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define direct proportion
- Identify direct proportions in real life situations
- Appreciate proportional relationships in daily activities

- Use IT devices or other materials to explore proportions
- Role play shopping activities to show direct relationships
- Identify situations where increase in one leads to increase in other

What is direct proportion?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 59
- Proportion charts
- Real-life examples
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Numbers

Rates, Ratio, Proportions and Percentages - Working out direct proportions
Rates, Ratio, Proportions and Percentages - Identifying indirect proportions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the unitary method for solving direct proportion
- Work out direct proportions systematically
- Show accuracy in direct proportion calculations

- Complete tables showing direct proportional relationships
- Calculate missing values in direct proportion
- Apply direct proportion to solve problems

How do we solve direct proportion problems?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 60
- Proportion tables
- Worksheets
- Calculators
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 62
- Hourglass
- Containers
- Bottle tops

- Written tests - Problem-solving - Class activities

Numbers

Rates, Ratio, Proportions and Percentages - Working out indirect proportions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the method for solving indirect proportion
- Work out indirect proportions systematically
- Show understanding of inverse relationships

- Complete tables showing indirect proportional relationships
- Calculate values where ratios are inverted
- Solve time-speed-distance problems

How do we solve indirect proportion problems?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 63
- Proportion worksheets
- Calculators
- Problem cards

- Written exercises - Problem-solving - Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratio, Proportions and Percentages - Application and reflection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss various applications of ratios and proportions
- Apply ratios and proportions in various real-life contexts
- Promote use of ratios and proportions in real life

- Watch videos on ratios and proportions as used in daily activities
- Discuss applications with parents or guardians
- Reflect on learning and compile portfolio

How do ratios and proportions help us in daily life?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 64
- Video resources
- Digital devices
- Portfolio materials

- Portfolio assessment - Presentations - Self-assessment

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Factorisation of algebraic expressions
Algebraic Expressions - Identifying like and unlike terms in factorisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define factorisation as the reverse of expansion
- Identify the highest common factor (HCF) in algebraic expressions
- Appreciate the use of factorisation in simplifying expressions

- Make three sets of cards showing algebraic expressions and their factored forms
- Match cards from different rows to form equations
- Discuss and identify common factors in terms
- Write HCF in front of brackets and remaining factors inside

How do we factorise algebraic expressions?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 65
- Number cards
- Algebraic expression cards
- Charts
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 67
- Factor cards
- Worksheets
- Group work materials

- Observation - Card matching activity - Oral questions

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Simplification of algebraic fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of simplifying algebraic fractions
- Simplify algebraic fractions by finding LCM of denominators
- Value accuracy in simplifying fractions

- Discuss like and unlike terms in algebraic fractions
- Find LCM of denominators in algebraic fractions
- Combine fractions with different denominators
- Practice simplifying complex algebraic fractions

How do we simplify algebraic expressions?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 68
- Fraction charts
- LCM charts
- Worksheets

- Written tests - Practical exercises - Problem-solving

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Advanced simplification practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe steps for simplifying complex algebraic fractions
- Simplify algebraic fractions involving multiple operations
- Show confidence in working with algebraic fractions

- Practice writing fractions as single fractions
- Simplify fractions with algebraic denominators
- Solve problems involving algebraic fractions
- Work through real-life applications

What strategies help us simplify complex algebraic fractions?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 69
- Practice worksheets
- Real-life problem cards
- Calculators

- Written assignments - Class tests - Oral questions

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Using IT devices and application
Linear Equations - Forming linear equations in two unknowns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify IT resources for learning algebra
- Use IT devices to work out algebra exercises and drag-drop activities
- Enjoy using algebraic expressions in real life situations

- Use IT devices to work out exercises and activities in algebra
- Engage in drag and drop activities of grouping similar terms
- Play online games simplifying algebraic expressions
- Discuss applications with peers and parents

How can technology enhance our understanding of algebra?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 71
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Algebra apps/software
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 72
- Beam balance
- Masses (500g)
- Marbles
- Shopping scenario cards

- Observation - Digital assessment - Participation

Algebra

Linear Equations - More practice on forming equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Interpret word problems involving two unknowns
- Form linear equations from various real-life scenarios
- Appreciate the relevance of equations in daily life

- Write equations to represent ages, costs, and quantities
- Form equations from perimeter problems
- Create equations from problems involving animals and farming
- Practice with two-digit number problems

Where do we use linear equations in two unknowns in real life situations?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 73
- Word problem cards
- Real-life scenario cards
- Worksheets

- Written exercises - Problem-solving - Class activities

Algebra

Linear Equations - Solving by substitution method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the substitution method for solving simultaneous equations
- Solve linear equations in two unknowns using substitution systematically
- Show precision in solving equations

- Write equations from fruit vendor scenario
- Name equations as (i) and (ii)
- Write one variable in terms of another
- Replace and simplify to find values of unknowns

How do we use substitution method to solve linear equations?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 74
- Fruit pictures
- Equation cards
- Step-by-step charts

- Written tests - Practical exercises - Oral questions

Algebra

Linear Equations - Advanced practice on substitution method
Linear Equations - Solving by elimination method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the complete process of substitution method
- Solve complex simultaneous equations by substitution
- Demonstrate mastery of substitution technique

- Practice solving equations with fractions using substitution
- Work through problems involving costs and quantities
- Solve problems about carpentry and furniture making
- Apply substitution to number problems

What are the key steps in substitution method?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 75
- Practice worksheets
- Real-life problem cards
- Calculators
- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 76
- Shopping scenario cards
- Elimination charts
- Step-by-step guides

- Written assignments - Problem-solving - Class tests

Algebra

Linear Equations - More practice on elimination method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify when to use elimination method
- Solve various simultaneous equations by elimination efficiently
- Show confidence in choosing appropriate methods

- Practice solving equations involving bread and tea leaves
- Work through problems with different coefficients
- Solve problems about costs of items
- Compare elimination and substitution methods

When is elimination method more suitable than substitution?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 78
- Comparison charts
- Practice worksheets
- Method selection guides

- Written tests - Class activities - Problem-solving

Algebra
Data Handling and Probability
Data Handling and Probability

Linear Equations - Application in real-life situations
Data Handling - Determining suitable scale
Data Handling - Drawing pictographs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss various applications of linear equations in daily life
- Apply linear equations to solve real-life problems involving rectangles, costs, and quantities
- Recognize use of linear equations in real life

- Find sum and difference of two numbers using equations
- Solve problems about rectangular flower beds
- Work out problems involving hiring labourers
- Apply equations to school fees and shopping scenarios
- Watch videos on linear equations applications

How do linear equations help us solve real-life problems?

- Master Mathematics Grade 8, pg. 79
- Video resources
- Real-life scenario cards
- Digital devices
- Application worksheets
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 225
- Graph papers
- Rulers
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 226
- Bloating paper
- Scissors, glue

- Portfolio assessment - Presentations - Written assignments - Self-assessment

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Drawing bar graphs
Data Handling - Interpreting information from bar graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of a bar graph (axes, bars, scale)
- Draw bar graphs to represent data
- Appreciate the use of bar graphs in data representation

- Make boxes of different colours and pile similar colours together
- Draw two axes: vertical (frequency) and horizontal (categories)
- Draw bars of same thickness with heights representing values

How do we draw a bar graph?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 228
- Graph papers
- Rulers, coloured pencils
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 231
- Bar graph samples
- Worksheets

- Written exercises - Practical activities - Observation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Drawing pie charts
Data Handling - Interpreting pie charts
Data Handling - Drawing line graphs
Data Handling - Interpreting travel graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a pie chart as a circle divided into sectors
- Calculate angles for each sector
- Draw pie charts to represent data

- Read story of Ndole the bus driver spending salary on fees, savings, food
- Draw circle and shade fractions (1/2, 1/4, 1/4)
- Calculate sector angles: (value ÷ total) × 360°

How do we draw a pie chart?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 233
- Pair of compasses
- Protractors
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 236
- Pie chart samples
- Calculators
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 238
- Graph papers
- Rulers
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 240

- Written exercises - Practical activities - Observation