Inorganic Chemistry

Introduction to Chemistry - Definition of Chemistry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of Chemistry as a field of science
- Discuss the branches of Chemistry
- Connect Chemistry to everyday products like soap, medicine and plastics

- Discuss with peers the meaning of Chemistry as a field of science
- Discuss with peers the branches of Chemistry
- Categorise daily items into branches of Chemistry

What is Chemistry and why do we study it?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Samples of everyday products

- Oral questions - Observation - Written exercises

Inorganic Chemistry

Introduction to Chemistry - Branches of Chemistry
Introduction to Chemistry - Chemistry in daily life (Manufacturing and Materials)
Introduction to Chemistry - Chemistry in daily life (Food, Energy and Biotechnology)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the main branches of Chemistry
- Classify substances according to branches of Chemistry
- Link Chemistry branches to career opportunities in medicine, agriculture and manufacturing

- Search for information using electronic and/or print media on branches of Chemistry
- Match everyday items with related branches of Chemistry
- Present findings to class members

How do the different branches of Chemistry relate to items we use daily?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 2
- Digital devices
- Product samples with labels
- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 3
- Samples of manufactured products
- Digital devices
- Food product labels

- Observation - Written exercises - Peer assessment

Inorganic Chemistry

Introduction to Chemistry - Careers in Chemistry
Introduction to Chemistry - Drug prescription and dosage
Introduction to Chemistry - Effects of drug and substance use

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify career opportunities related to Chemistry
- Analyse how gender stereotyping influences career choices
- Envision future career paths in fields like pharmacy, medicine and engineering

- Search for information on career opportunities related to Chemistry
- Discuss how gender stereotypes influence career choices
- Suggest ways to reduce gender stereotypes in careers

What careers can one pursue after studying Chemistry?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 4
- Digital devices
- Career information materials
- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 6
- Medicine packages with labels
- Digital devices
- Manila paper and markers

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Inorganic Chemistry

Introduction to Chemistry - Laboratory safety and consumer protection
The Atom - Sub-atomic particles
The Atom - Atomic number and mass number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify rights and responsibilities in a learning environment
- Demonstrate proper safety practices in the laboratory
- Apply safety rules to protect oneself and others during practical work

- Brainstorm on learner's rights and responsibilities to a safe learning environment
- Examine product certification marks and labels
- Create safety posters for display

How can we maintain a safe learning environment in the Chemistry laboratory?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 10
- Safety equipment
- Product labels
- Manila paper
- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 14
- Modelling materials
- Charts showing atomic structure
- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 15
- Periodic table
- Exercise books

- Observation - Written exercises - Project work

Inorganic Chemistry

The Atom - Dalton's and Rutherford's atomic models
The Atom - Bohr's atomic model and Rutherford Gold Foil experiment
The Atom - Definition and examples of isotopes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe Dalton's and Rutherford's atomic models
- Compare different atomic models
- Value the contributions of scientists in advancing our understanding of matter

- Search for information on historical development of atomic models
- Draw diagrams of Dalton's and Rutherford's models
- Discuss limitations of each model

How did scientists discover the structure of the atom?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 16
- Printed diagrams of atomic models
- Digital devices
- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 17
- Digital devices with internet
- Simulation videos
- Periodic table
- Charts showing isotopes

- Written exercises - Observation - Peer assessment

Inorganic Chemistry

The Atom - Calculating relative atomic mass
The Atom - Practice on relative atomic mass calculations
The Atom - Relationship between energy levels and orbitals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define relative atomic mass
- Calculate the relative atomic mass of elements from isotopic abundances
- Apply RAM calculations to understand element composition in fertilisers and medicines

- Discuss the meaning of relative atomic mass
- Calculate RAM using percentage abundances
- Solve practice problems on RAM

How do we calculate the average mass of atoms with different isotopes?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 18
- Calculators
- Worked examples
- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 19
- Practice worksheets
- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 20
- Diagrams of orbitals
- Coloured pencils

- Written exercises - Individual assessment - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

The Atom - Order of filling electrons in orbitals
The Atom - Writing electron configuration (Elements 1-10)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the order of filling electrons in orbitals
- Apply the Aufbau principle in writing electron configurations
- Predict element reactivity based on electron arrangement

- Carry out activities to illustrate order of filling orbitals
- Practice filling electrons in order
- Discuss with peers the filling sequence

Why do electrons fill orbitals in a specific order?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 21
- Energy level diagrams
- Exercise books
- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 22
- Periodic table

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

The Atom - Writing electron configuration (Elements 11-20)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write electron arrangement for elements 11-20 using s and p notation
- Identify patterns in electron configurations
- Connect electron arrangement to element uses in batteries and construction

- Draw electron arrangements for elements 11-20
- Identify patterns across periods
- Share work with classmates for review

How does electron configuration change across periods?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 22
- Periodic table
- Exercise books

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Individual assessment

Inorganic Chemistry

The Atom - Modelling atomic structure
The Periodic Table - Historical development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create models of atomic structure
- Demonstrate understanding of sub-atomic particle arrangement
- Connect atomic structure to properties of materials like metals and non-metals

- Select elements and create atomic models
- Display models to classmates for peer review
- Share experiences of making atomic models

How can we represent atomic structure using models?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 23
- Locally available materials
- Modelling clay
- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 24
- Digital devices
- Printed periodic tables

- Project work - Peer assessment - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Arrangement into groups and periods
The Periodic Table - Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals
The Periodic Table - Halogens and noble gases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Arrange elements into groups and periods
- Relate electron arrangement to position in periodic table
- Use the periodic table to identify elements in common materials

- Arrange the first 20 elements into groups and periods
- Discuss relationship between electron configuration and position
- Complete periodic table activities

Why are elements arranged in groups and periods?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 26
- Periodic table charts
- Exercise books
- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 28
- Periodic table
- Charts showing chemical families
- Digital devices

- Written exercises - Observation - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Duplet and octet rule
The Periodic Table - Formation of cations
The Periodic Table - Formation of anions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the stability of atoms
- Apply duplet and octet rules
- Understand why elements react to become stable like salt formation

- Discuss with peers the stability of atoms
- Examine electron configurations of stable atoms
- Identify elements that follow duplet or octet rule

Why are some atoms stable while others are reactive?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 29
- Periodic table
- Diagrams of stable configurations
- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 30
- Exercise books
- Diagrams showing ion formation
- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 31
- Diagrams showing anion formation

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Writing electron configuration of ions using s and p notation
The Periodic Table - Valency of elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write electron arrangement of ions using s and p notation
- Compare electron configurations of atoms and ions
- Apply ionic configurations to understand compound formation

- Write electron configurations for various ions
- Compare configurations of atoms and their ions
- Practice with different elements

How does electron configuration change when ions form?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 32
- Periodic table
- Exercise books
- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 33
- Valency charts

- Written exercises - Individual assessment - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Elements with variable oxidation numbers
The Periodic Table - Common radicals and their valencies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify elements with variable oxidation numbers
- Explain why some elements show variable valency
- Connect variable valency to rust formation (iron) and paint pigments (lead)

- Discuss elements with variable oxidation numbers
- Examine examples like iron, copper and lead
- Practice identifying oxidation states

Why do some elements have more than one oxidation number?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 34
- Periodic table
- Examples of compounds
- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 35
- Charts showing radicals
- Exercise books

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Deriving formulae using valencies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Derive chemical formulae using valencies
- Apply the cross-over method
- Write correct formulae for compounds used in daily life like baking soda and salt

- Practice writing formulae using valencies and oxidation states
- Apply cross-over method to derive formulae
- Verify formulae with peers

How do we write chemical formulae using valencies?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 36
- Valency charts
- Exercise books

- Written exercises - Individual assessment - Peer assessment

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Formulae of compounds with same valency
The Periodic Table - Formulae of compounds with different valencies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write formulae for compounds with elements of same valency
- Simplify chemical formulae appropriately
- Apply formula writing to common compounds like table salt (NaCl)

- Practice writing formulae for compounds with same valencies
- Simplify formulae to lowest terms
- Complete exercises on formula writing

How do we simplify chemical formulae?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 37
- Exercise books
- Worked examples
- Practice worksheets

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Individual assessment

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Formulae of compounds containing radicals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write formulae for compounds containing radicals
- Apply brackets correctly for polyatomic ions
- Write formulae for fertilisers like ammonium sulphate and calcium phosphate

- Practice writing formulae with radicals
- Use brackets for polyatomic ions when necessary
- Complete exercises on compounds with radicals

How do we write formulae for compounds with radicals?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 38
- Radical valency charts
- Exercise books

- Written exercises - Individual assessment - Oral questions

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Writing word equations
The Periodic Table - Writing symbol equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Represent chemical reactions using word equations
- Identify reactants and products
- Describe reactions occurring in cooking and cleaning

- Write word equations for simple chemical reactions
- Identify reactants and products in reactions
- Practice converting descriptions to word equations

How do we represent chemical reactions using words?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 39
- Exercise books
- Reaction examples
- Formula charts

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Inorganic Chemistry

The Periodic Table - Balancing chemical equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Balance chemical equations using appropriate coefficients
- Apply the law of conservation of mass
- Relate balanced equations to industrial processes like fertiliser production

- Write balanced chemical equations for simple reactions
- Practice balancing various equations
- Share solutions with classmates for review

Why must chemical equations be balanced?

- Front Row Chemistry Grade 10 pg. 40
- Exercise books
- Practice worksheets

- Written exercises - Individual assessment - Oral questions