ETIQUETTE: SOCIAL

Listening and Speaking

Extensive Listening - Listening for Enjoyment and General Understanding

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Listen to varied audio-visual texts for enjoyment and general information
- Identify titles, characters, places and memorable events in audio-visual recordings
- Connect listening skills to everyday conversations like following news or understanding announcements

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to audio-visual recordings of poems, stories or dialogues in groups
- Identify titles, characters, places and memorable events in the audio-visual recordings
- Practise describing the characters, places and memorable events using sensory adjectives

Why are some recorded stories, poems and dialogues so enjoyable and memorable?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 1
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Peer assessment - Checklists

Reading

Reading Fluency - Previewing and Predicting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Preview a text and make predictions about characters, people and places
- Skim varied texts while glossing over unknown words to obtain the gist
- Apply previewing techniques when reading newspapers, notices or online content

The learner is guided to:
- Read a text and practise fluency strategies: previewing, ignoring unknown words, predicting, scanning
- Collaboratively look at the text title and images and predict what the text is about
- Read a text to obtain the gist

How can one make predictions about events in a text?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 11
- Varied texts
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Reading assessment - Observation

Writing
Grammar in Use

Sentence Fluency - Use of the Comma
Word Classes - Common and Proper Nouns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify sentences in which the comma has been used appropriately in varied texts
- Use the comma correctly in lists, compound sentences and introductory phrases
- Write clear messages, emails or notes using proper comma placement

The learner is guided to:
- Work together to identify well-punctuated sentences from a sample text
- Join sentences using relevant coordinating conjunctions
- Collaboratively write sentences on cards

Why should we write complete sentences?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 31
- Sample texts
- Sentence cards
- Moran Skills in English pg. 20
- Charts
- Texts

- Written exercises - Peer review - Checklists

Listening and Speaking

Extensive Listening - Analysing Audio-Visual Texts for Key Information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyse a wide range of audio-visual recordings to obtain key details
- Retell events from recordings for oral comprehension
- Use active listening skills when receiving instructions at home or school

The learner is guided to:
- Work in small groups, pick out key details such as characters, places and events
- Engage in a hot seating session based on characters or events
- Mimic a character in a poem, story or dialogue

How do key details help us understand the message and retell the story effectively?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 4
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral presentation - Role play assessment

Reading

Reading Fluency - Scanning and Skimming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Scan a text to obtain specific details such as names, dates and places
- Read varied texts at the right speed, accurately and with expression
- Quickly locate information in timetables, menus or directories

The learner is guided to:
- Scan through texts for keywords, names and specific details
- Watch a video of someone reading and evaluate accuracy, speed and expressiveness
- Work with peers to read a story or recite a poem accurately

Why is it necessary to read a text fluently?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 14
- Varied texts
- Video recordings

- Reading fluency test - Peer assessment - Observation

Writing

Sentence Fluency - Avoiding Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Rewrite comma splices and run-on sentences for communication clarity
- Join simple sentences using coordinating conjunctions
- Write grammatically correct social media posts and text messages

The learner is guided to:
- Rewrite comma splices and run-on sentences correctly
- Form sentences from a substitution table
- Exchange cards for peer review of sentences

How can we correct poorly constructed sentences?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 33
- Sentence cards
- Sample texts

- Written exercises - Peer review - Self-assessment

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Count and Non-count Nouns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between count and non-count nouns
- Form plurals of count nouns correctly
- Use correct noun forms when shopping or describing quantities

The learner is guided to:
- Identify concrete and abstract nouns from a text
- Form plurals of count nouns following spelling rules
- Use count and non-count nouns in sentences

Why is it important to determine how a word is used in a sentence?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 22
- Pictures
- Charts

- Written exercises - Gap-filling activities - Oral questions

Listening and Speaking

Speaking Etiquette - Sounds /ɒ/ and /ɔː/ and Polite Expressions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish and articulate the sounds /ɒ/ and /ɔː/ for speaking fluency
- Use appropriate polite words and phrases in hotel, telephone and table etiquette
- Apply polite language when making requests or reservations in real situations

The learner is guided to:
- Practise saying the sounds /ɒ/ and /ɔː/ using minimal pairs
- Role-play telephone conversations and table manners
- Watch videos depicting etiquette in various situations

Why should you use appropriate words and phrases in hotel, dining and telephone situations?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 6
- Audio recordings
- Video clips

- Oral presentation - Role play assessment - Observation

Reading

Reading Fluency - Collocations and Binomial Phrases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use common word patterns including collocations and binomial phrases
- Identify signal words and connectors in texts
- Recognize common expressions used in formal and informal writing

The learner is guided to:
- Pick out collocations from texts following patterns: adverb + adjective, adjective + noun
- Complete substitution tables and gap-filling exercises
- Form sentences featuring common word patterns

How do collocations enhance our reading comprehension?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 16
- Texts with collocations
- Substitution tables

- Gap-filling exercises - Sentence construction - Written assessment

Writing

Sentence Fluency - Punctuation Practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Rewrite texts and punctuate them correctly using the comma
- Value the importance of well-written sentences in communication
- Produce clear written work for school assignments and personal correspondence

The learner is guided to:
- Rewrite a text and punctuate it correctly using the comma
- Review each other's compositions focusing on punctuation
- Create well-punctuated paragraphs on social etiquette

How does correct punctuation improve our writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 34
- Sample texts
- Worksheets

- Written exercises - Peer review - Portfolio assessment

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Pronouns and Phrasal Quantifiers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use personal, possessive, reflexive and interrogative pronouns in sentences
- Use phrasal quantifiers with count and non-count nouns
- Apply correct pronoun usage in formal letters and conversations

The learner is guided to:
- Brainstorm categories of pronouns: personal, reflexive, emphatic, interrogative
- Form sentences using phrasal quantifiers
- Role-play dialogues using pronouns correctly

How do pronouns help us avoid repetition in communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 24
- Charts
- Crossword puzzles

- Written exercises - Role play - Crossword completion

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Pronouns and Phrasal Quantifiers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use personal, possessive, reflexive and interrogative pronouns in sentences
- Use phrasal quantifiers with count and non-count nouns
- Apply correct pronoun usage in formal letters and conversations

The learner is guided to:
- Brainstorm categories of pronouns: personal, reflexive, emphatic, interrogative
- Form sentences using phrasal quantifiers
- Role-play dialogues using pronouns correctly

How do pronouns help us avoid repetition in communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 24
- Charts
- Crossword puzzles

- Written exercises - Role play - Crossword completion

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Pronouns and Phrasal Quantifiers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use personal, possessive, reflexive and interrogative pronouns in sentences
- Use phrasal quantifiers with count and non-count nouns
- Apply correct pronoun usage in formal letters and conversations

The learner is guided to:
- Brainstorm categories of pronouns: personal, reflexive, emphatic, interrogative
- Form sentences using phrasal quantifiers
- Role-play dialogues using pronouns correctly

How do pronouns help us avoid repetition in communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 24
- Charts
- Crossword puzzles

- Written exercises - Role play - Crossword completion

Listening and Speaking

Critical Listening - Context, Audience and Intention

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Determine the speaker, context, audience and intention in an oral text
- Describe various forms of distractions to effective listening
- Identify speaker's purpose when listening to news reports or public announcements

The learner is guided to:
- Collaboratively search for information on how to identify speaker, audience, context and intention
- Listen to a variety of audio texts and identify the speaker, context and intention
- Brainstorm on different forms of distractions and how to avoid them

Why is it important to listen to key points in a text?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 37
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Listening comprehension - Observation

ENVIRONMENT: CLIMATE CHANGE

Reading

Extensive Reading - Selecting and Previewing Texts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate and relevant texts in preparation for reading
- Preview varied texts such as newspapers, magazines and novels
- Choose suitable reading materials from libraries or online sources for personal learning

The learner is guided to:
- Preview varied texts such as online or offline newspapers, magazines and periodicals
- Select suitable texts from a collection with information on the environment
- Read the texts and relate events to real-life situations

What do we consider when selecting a reading text?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 48
- Newspapers
- Magazines
- Online texts

- Text selection assessment - Reading logs - Peer discussion

Writing

Mechanics of Writing - Spelling Rules

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify frequently misspelt and easily confused words in written texts
- Apply spelling rules to write words with affixes
- Spell words correctly in formal documents, applications and reports

The learner is guided to:
- Search online or offline for examples of frequently misspelt and easily confused words
- Practise spelling words that are often misspelt
- Design charts featuring commonly confused words

How does spelling affect the quality of our writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 65
- Dictionaries
- Charts
- Digital devices

- Spelling tests - Written exercises - Dictation

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Main and Auxiliary Verbs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify main verbs and auxiliary verbs in sentences
- Use primary auxiliary verbs (be, have, do) correctly
- Construct grammatically correct sentences when writing reports or filling forms

The learner is guided to:
- Fill blank spaces in sentences with appropriate auxiliary verbs
- Make charts showing primary and modal auxiliaries
- Construct sentences using auxiliary verbs in various tenses

How do auxiliary verbs support main verbs in sentences?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 53
- Charts
- Substitution tables

- Written exercises - Gap-filling - Oral questions

Listening and Speaking

Critical Listening - Selecting Key Points and Avoiding Distractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select key points from an audio text for information
- Use appropriate strategies to minimise distractions
- Focus on essential information during classroom lessons or meetings

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to a variety of texts on climate change while avoiding distractions
- Pick out the key points from an audio text and make notes
- Use strategies to minimise internal and external distractions

How can we ensure we gain the most out of a listening text?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 39
- Audio texts
- Note-taking materials

- Note-taking assessment - Listening comprehension - Peer assessment

Reading
Writing

Extensive Reading - Reading for Enjoyment and Understanding
Mechanics of Writing - Abbreviations and Acronyms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Read varied texts for enjoyment and general understanding
- Summarise information using pictures, mind maps or charts
- Develop a reading habit for personal growth and relaxation

The learner is guided to:
- Read texts and relate events, persons and places to real-life situations
- Summarise information using pictures, mind maps, posters or charts
- Prepare and compare reading logs with peers

Why should one carefully select the text to read?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 50
- Varied texts
- Reading logs
- Chart paper
- Moran Skills in English pg. 68
- Sample texts
- Charts

- Reading logs - Summary writing - Oral presentation

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Tense and Aspect

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct sentences in present, past and future progressive forms
- Use the progressive and perfective aspects correctly
- Describe ongoing activities or completed actions in narratives and reports

The learner is guided to:
- Construct sentences in the present, past and future progressive from a substitution table
- Describe pictures using the progressive aspect
- Talk about things happening around using progressive and perfective aspects

How do tense and aspect help express time in sentences?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 56
- Substitution tables
- Pictures

- Sentence construction - Written exercises - Oral descriptions

Listening and Speaking

Conversational Skills - Sounds /ə/, /ɑː/, /ɜː/ and Discourse Markers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Articulate the sounds /ə/, /ɑː/ and /ɜː/ for oral fluency
- Use discourse markers for starting, ending and changing topics
- Manage conversations smoothly in social and academic settings

The learner is guided to:
- Recite poems or form minimal pairs with the sounds /ə/, /ɑː/ and /ɜː/
- Select and group discourse markers from various sources
- Role-play conversations using transitional words

How do idea connectors affect the flow of conversations?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 42
- Poems
- Video clips
- Conversation cards

- Oral presentation - Role play - Pronunciation assessment

Reading

Extensive Reading - Building Vocabulary

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recognise the role of extensive reading in building vocabulary
- Record new vocabulary in reading logs
- Expand personal vocabulary through regular reading of diverse materials

The learner is guided to:
- Read a variety of texts about climate change and make notes
- Record vocabulary, definitions and sentences in reading logs
- Share new words from reading logs with classmates

How does extensive reading help us expand our vocabulary?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 52
- Varied texts
- Reading logs
- Dictionaries

- Vocabulary logs - Word usage assessment - Peer sharing

Reading

Extensive Reading - Building Vocabulary

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recognise the role of extensive reading in building vocabulary
- Record new vocabulary in reading logs
- Expand personal vocabulary through regular reading of diverse materials

The learner is guided to:
- Read a variety of texts about climate change and make notes
- Record vocabulary, definitions and sentences in reading logs
- Share new words from reading logs with classmates

How does extensive reading help us expand our vocabulary?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 52
- Varied texts
- Reading logs
- Dictionaries

- Vocabulary logs - Word usage assessment - Peer sharing

Writing

Mechanics of Writing - Words with Affixes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Spell words with missing or misplaced vowels and consonants correctly
- Apply spelling rules when adding prefixes and suffixes
- Form new words using affixes for creative and academic writing

The learner is guided to:
- Add suffixes -ed and -ing to words following spelling rules
- Complete sentences using words with correct affixes
- Design charts and posters featuring words with affixes

How do affixes change the meaning of root words?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 70
- Worksheets
- Charts

- Written exercises - Word formation tasks - Spelling tests

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Regular and Irregular Verbs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Form past tense and past participle of regular and irregular verbs
- Use phrasal verbs with one particle in sentences
- Express past events accurately in storytelling and report writing

The learner is guided to:
- Create charts showing verbs with similar or different forms
- Construct sentences using regular and irregular verbs
- Fill crossword puzzles featuring regular and irregular verbs

Why do some verbs change form while others remain the same?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 59
- Charts
- Crossword puzzles

- Written exercises - Crossword completion - Sentence construction

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Regular and Irregular Verbs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Form past tense and past participle of regular and irregular verbs
- Use phrasal verbs with one particle in sentences
- Express past events accurately in storytelling and report writing

The learner is guided to:
- Create charts showing verbs with similar or different forms
- Construct sentences using regular and irregular verbs
- Fill crossword puzzles featuring regular and irregular verbs

Why do some verbs change form while others remain the same?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 59
- Charts
- Crossword puzzles

- Written exercises - Crossword completion - Sentence construction

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SOCIETY: HEALTHCARE

Listening and Speaking

Intensive Listening - Keywords, Facts and Fixed Phrases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Listen for specific details including keywords, dates, names and key facts
- Identify figurative language such as similes and metaphors in oral texts
- Extract important information from health announcements or instructions

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to audio recordings and focus on keywords, dates, names and important facts
- Identify similes, metaphors and fixed phrases in the listening text
- Take notes and pick out benefits of AI in healthcare

How do we identify specific details in an oral text?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 73
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices

- Listening comprehension - Note-taking assessment - Oral questions

Reading

Reference Materials - Dictionary and Thesaurus

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use a dictionary to look up meaning, pronunciation and spelling of words
- Use a thesaurus to locate synonyms and antonyms
- Find word meanings independently when reading unfamiliar texts

The learner is guided to:
- Check synonyms and antonyms of words from a thesaurus
- Use the dictionary to establish pronunciation, meaning and spelling of words
- Create lists of words with their synonyms and antonyms

Why are reference materials useful?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 86
- Dictionaries
- Thesauruses
- Digital devices

- Word search tasks - Vocabulary exercises - Pronunciation practice

Writing
Grammar in Use

Paragraphing Skills - Cohesion and Linking Words
Word Classes - Simple Prepositions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use addition, contrast, ordering and summarising linking words for writing fluency
- Identify connectors in sample texts
- Write coherent paragraphs in essays, reports and formal letters

The learner is guided to:
- Identify linking words for addition, similarity and contrast from a text
- Use pictorials to sequentially order events in a text
- Join ideas in a paragraph using linking words

Why should we organise ideas logically in writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 99
- Sample texts
- Charts
- Moran Skills in English pg. 92
- Pictures

- Written exercises - Paragraph analysis - Peer review

Listening and Speaking

Intensive Listening - Inferring Meaning from Context

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Infer meanings of words using syntactic and contextual clues
- Interpret figurative expressions in oral texts
- Understand implied meanings in conversations and speeches

The learner is guided to:
- Infer meanings of words and phrases using context clues
- Identify and interpret similes, metaphors and personification
- Use figurative words and phrases to discuss AI in healthcare

How do we understand unfamiliar words in a listening text?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 75
- Audio texts
- Poems

- Comprehension questions - Vocabulary inference tasks - Discussion

Reading

Reference Materials - Atlases, Manuals and Encyclopaedias

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Research information from atlases, manuals and encyclopaedias
- Interpret maps and follow instructions in manuals
- Use reference materials to complete research projects and assignments

The learner is guided to:
- Extract information from newspapers and encyclopaedias
- Interpret maps and manuals
- Read texts related to AI and make notes from reference materials

How do different reference materials serve different purposes?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 89
- Atlases
- Manuals
- Encyclopaedias

- Research tasks - Information extraction - Presentation

Writing

Paragraphing Skills - Paragraph Structure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the structure of a well-formed paragraph with topic, supporting and clincher sentences
- Write paragraphs following the correct structure
- Organise ideas clearly in academic essays and personal writing

The learner is guided to:
- Write a topic sentence, supporting sentences and clincher sentence
- Rearrange disordered sentences to form a logical paragraph
- Brainstorm ideas for paragraphs on persons, places or events

What are the essential parts of a well-formed paragraph?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 102
- Sample paragraphs
- Sentence cards

- Paragraph writing - Sentence ordering - Peer assessment

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Descriptive and Proper Adjectives

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use proper and descriptive adjectives to describe people, places and things
- Distinguish between regular and irregular adjectives
- Create vivid descriptions in creative writing and presentations

The learner is guided to:
- Identify regular and irregular adjectives from texts
- Design posters showing descriptive and proper adjectives
- Describe people, places and events using descriptive adjectives

How do adjectives make our descriptions more vivid?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 94
- Pictures
- Posters
- Charts

- Description tasks - Written exercises - Crossword puzzles

Listening and Speaking

Speaking Fluency - Sounds, Homographs and Non-verbal Cues

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Articulate sounds /ʌ/, /æ/, /aʊ/, /əʊ/, /w/, /j/ for fluency
- Use homographs correctly in oral contexts
- Interpret and use non-verbal cues in presentations and everyday interactions

The learner is guided to:
- Pick out homographs from texts and form sentences using them
- Practise minimal pairs with target sounds
- Role-play conversations using non-verbal cues such as facial expressions and gestures

How do non-verbal cues enhance communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 78
- Video clips
- Recording devices

- Pronunciation assessment - Role play - Peer feedback

Reading

Reference Materials - Comprehensive Research

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use multiple reference materials to gather comprehensive information
- Cross-reference information from different sources
- Conduct independent research for school projects using various resources

The learner is guided to:
- Use dictionary, thesaurus, atlas and encyclopaedia for research tasks
- Create crossword puzzles using antonyms and synonyms
- Present research findings to class

How do we combine information from different reference materials?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 90
- Various reference materials
- Digital devices

- Research projects - Crossword creation - Oral presentation

Writing

Paragraphing Skills - The Writing Process

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Follow the writing process to write and refine paragraphs
- Organise ideas and convey them in a structured way
- Produce polished written work by revising and editing drafts

The learner is guided to:
- Refine sentences using steps of the writing process: brainstorming, drafting, revising, editing, publishing
- Team up to write coherent paragraphs
- Share paragraphs with peers for feedback

How can the writing process help us improve our writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 104
- Writing materials
- Peer review forms

- Process writing assessment - Draft comparison - Final product evaluation

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Order of Adjectives and Comparative Forms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Order adjectives correctly following OSSACOMP pattern
- Form comparatives of adjectives with two or three syllables
- Make accurate comparisons when describing products, services or experiences

The learner is guided to:
- Practise ordering adjectives correctly in sentences
- Form comparatives using more/less for multi-syllable adjectives
- Write paragraphs on AI using correctly ordered adjectives and prepositions

Why is the order of adjectives important in descriptions?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 96
- Charts
- Worksheets

- Sentence ordering - Comparative exercises - Written assessment

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Order of Adjectives and Comparative Forms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Order adjectives correctly following OSSACOMP pattern
- Form comparatives of adjectives with two or three syllables
- Make accurate comparisons when describing products, services or experiences

The learner is guided to:
- Practise ordering adjectives correctly in sentences
- Form comparatives using more/less for multi-syllable adjectives
- Write paragraphs on AI using correctly ordered adjectives and prepositions

Why is the order of adjectives important in descriptions?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 96
- Charts
- Worksheets

- Sentence ordering - Comparative exercises - Written assessment

Grammar in Use

Word Classes - Order of Adjectives and Comparative Forms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Order adjectives correctly following OSSACOMP pattern
- Form comparatives of adjectives with two or three syllables
- Make accurate comparisons when describing products, services or experiences

The learner is guided to:
- Practise ordering adjectives correctly in sentences
- Form comparatives using more/less for multi-syllable adjectives
- Write paragraphs on AI using correctly ordered adjectives and prepositions

Why is the order of adjectives important in descriptions?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 96
- Charts
- Worksheets

- Sentence ordering - Comparative exercises - Written assessment

Listening and Speaking

Selective Listening - Filtering Information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Filter required information from an oral text about travel
- Identify keywords and phrases that signal important instructions
- Connect selective listening skills to real-life situations like following travel announcements at airports or bus stations

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to an audio recording about scaling Kilimambogo
- Identify keywords that indicate important instructions (e.g., "It is important that you...", "Do not forget...")
- Note down specific details about preparations for the hike
- Categorise information into important and not important

Why is it important to pick out specific details during an oral presentation?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 110
- Audio recordings
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Teacher's Guide

- Oral questions - Listening comprehension tests - Note-taking assessment - Peer evaluation

TRAVEL: ADVENTURE

Reading

Study Skills - Library Skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the uses of library catalogues and call numbers
- Locate resources using catalogues and call numbers
- Use library skills to research topics just as professionals research before making important travel decisions

The learner is guided to:
- Examine book spines and identify call numbers
- Search through a library catalogue to find books by author, title, subject or keyword
- Tour a library and study the organisation of resources
- Locate print and digital resources on travel topics

Why are reference materials useful?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 123
- Library catalogues
- Sample books with call numbers
- Digital devices
- Library resources

- Practical library tasks - Resource location assessment - Written questions - Observation

Writing

Mechanics of Writing - Punctuation (Hyphen and Quotation Marks)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the hyphen and quotation marks in texts
- Use the hyphen with prefixes and compound words
- Apply punctuation skills when writing travel journals or trip reports

The learner is guided to:
- Study sentences with hyphens and quotation marks
- Identify rules for using hyphens with prefixes (ex-ranger, anti-poaching)
- Practice using single and double quotation marks in sentences
- Write sentences about travel using correct punctuation

Why is it important to punctuate a sentence correctly?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 139
- Sample texts with punctuation
- Charts showing punctuation rules
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Written exercises - Punctuation correction tasks - Peer assessment - Observation

Grammar in Use

Determiners - Articles, Demonstratives and Possessives

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify articles, demonstratives and possessives in sentences
- Use determiners correctly in sentences about travel
- Recognise how proper determiner use helps give clear directions when navigating new places

The learner is guided to:
- Read sentences and identify articles (a, an, the), demonstratives (this, that, these, those) and possessives (her, his, my, your, their)
- Discuss the function of determiners in sentences
- Form sentences using determiners to describe travel adventures
- Create a chart showing different types of determiners

How do we use naming words in communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 130
- Charts
- Sentence cards
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Written questions - Gap-filling exercises - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Listening and Speaking

Selective Listening - Instructions and Directions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Give and follow instructions for carrying out different tasks
- Ask for and give clear directions to a place
- Apply direction-giving skills when helping visitors navigate to destinations in the community

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to dialogues containing directions
- Rephrase instructions and directions using own words
- Role-play giving and following directions
- Practice giving directions to various locations in the school

Why do we give instructions and directions?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 112
- Audio recordings
- Maps
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Role-play assessment - Oral presentation - Observation - Peer evaluation

Reading
Writing

Study Skills - Library Etiquette and Research
Mechanics of Writing - The Dash and Single Slash

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate appropriate library etiquette
- Conduct research using library resources
- Practise library etiquette skills that create positive learning environments in schools and public libraries

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss library rules and etiquette
- Set up a mock library and practise appropriate behaviour
- Research a travel-related topic using library resources
- Present research findings to peers

How can library skills help us learn about new topics?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 127
- Library resources
- Posters on library etiquette
- Digital devices
- Research materials
- Moran Skills in English pg. 140
- Sample texts
- Charts
- Teacher's Guide

- Research presentation - Observation schedule - Written reports - Peer assessment

Grammar in Use

Noun and Verb Phrases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify noun phrases and verb phrases in sentences
- Form noun phrases and verb phrases following correct patterns
- Use phrases effectively when describing travel experiences or writing travel brochures

The learner is guided to:
- Read sentences and identify noun phrases and verb phrases
- Analyse the structure of noun phrases (determiner + noun, adjective + noun)
- Analyse the structure of verb phrases (auxiliary + main verb)
- Create sentences about travel using noun and verb phrases

How is a phrase different from a sentence?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 133
- Sentence strips
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Written questions - Phrase identification - Sentence construction - Group assessment

Listening and Speaking

Conversational Skills - Speaking Fluency (Sounds /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Articulate the different realisations of the letter 's' (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/)
- Use homophones appropriately in oral contexts
- Pronounce words clearly when giving travel directions or communicating with tourists

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to words with different sounds of letter 's'
- Practise pronouncing minimal pairs
- Identify and use homophones in sentences
- Create tongue twisters using the target sounds

How can we overcome pronunciation challenges?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 114
- Audio recordings
- Word cards
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Pronunciation assessment - Oral presentation - Peer evaluation - Recording and playback

Reading

Study Skills - Visual Information Interpretation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Interpret visuals such as maps, diagrams and photographs in texts
- Relate visual information to written content
- Use visual interpretation skills when reading travel brochures, maps or tourist guides

The learner is guided to:
- Study visuals in travel-related texts
- Identify the purpose of each visual
- Relate visuals to the text they support
- Create visual representations summarising key ideas from texts

Why are visuals important in communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 128
- Maps
- Photographs
- Travel brochures
- Digital devices

- Visual interpretation tasks - Written questions - Creative projects - Peer assessment

Reading

Study Skills - Visual Information Interpretation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Interpret visuals such as maps, diagrams and photographs in texts
- Relate visual information to written content
- Use visual interpretation skills when reading travel brochures, maps or tourist guides

The learner is guided to:
- Study visuals in travel-related texts
- Identify the purpose of each visual
- Relate visuals to the text they support
- Create visual representations summarising key ideas from texts

Why are visuals important in communication?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 128
- Maps
- Photographs
- Travel brochures
- Digital devices

- Visual interpretation tasks - Written questions - Creative projects - Peer assessment

Writing

Mechanics of Writing - Capitalisation Rules

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply the rules of capitalisation in sentences
- Write texts using correct capitalisation
- Use capitalisation correctly when writing about places, landmarks and geographical features visited during travels

The learner is guided to:
- Search online and offline for rules on capitalisation
- Identify capitalisation patterns in sentences
- Generate sentences requiring capital letters
- Write creative stories about travel applying capitalisation rules

How does correct capitalisation improve our writing?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 142
- Sample texts
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Written exercises - Error correction tasks - Creative writing assessment - Peer review

Grammar in Use

Using Possessives and Articles as Determiners

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use possessives and articles as determiners with water bodies, physical features and unique entities
- Form sentences using determiners correctly
- Apply determiner knowledge when writing about famous travel destinations and geographical features

The learner is guided to:
- Read texts and identify possessives and articles used as determiners
- Role-play situations using articles with water bodies and physical features
- Write sentences about travel experiences using possessives and articles
- Share and review sentences with peers

Why is it important to use determiners correctly?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 137
- Texts about travel
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Written questions - Sentence construction - Role-play assessment - Peer evaluation

Grammar in Use

Using Possessives and Articles as Determiners

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use possessives and articles as determiners with water bodies, physical features and unique entities
- Form sentences using determiners correctly
- Apply determiner knowledge when writing about famous travel destinations and geographical features

The learner is guided to:
- Read texts and identify possessives and articles used as determiners
- Role-play situations using articles with water bodies and physical features
- Write sentences about travel experiences using possessives and articles
- Share and review sentences with peers

Why is it important to use determiners correctly?

- Moran Skills in English pg. 137
- Texts about travel
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Teacher's Guide

- Written questions - Sentence construction - Role-play assessment - Peer evaluation