Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Fire Safety - Meaning and importance of fire

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term fire
- Explain the importance of fire in daily life
- Appreciate the role of fire in our lives

- Brainstorm on the meaning of fire
- Discuss the importance of fire in daily life
- Present findings in class

Why is fire important in our daily lives?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 1
- Pictures showing uses of fire
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Class presentations

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Fire Safety - Possible causes of fire outbreaks
Fire Safety - Ways of preventing fire outbreaks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify possible causes of fire outbreaks in the environment
- Explain how flammable and combustible materials cause fires
- Show concern for fire safety

- Study pictures showing possible causes of fire outbreaks
- Share experiences of fire outbreaks in schools or homes
- Use digital devices to search for meanings of flammable substances, combustible materials, and electrical faults
- Identify other causes of fire outbreak in the environment

What causes fire outbreaks in our environment?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 2
- Pictures of fire outbreak scenarios
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 5
- Pictures of fire prevention measures
- Fire safety equipment (smoke detectors, fire extinguishers, fire alarms)
- "No Smoking" signs

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Fire Safety - Firefighting techniques: Cooling and smothering
Fire Safety - Firefighting techniques: Starving and interrupting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the cooling method of extinguishing fire
- Explain the smothering method of extinguishing fire
- Apply appropriate firefighting techniques safely

- Study pictures showing firefighting techniques
- Discuss how cooling fire works by reducing temperature
- Discuss how smothering fire works by cutting off oxygen supply
- Identify when each method should be used and their limitations

How can fires be extinguished using cooling and smothering methods?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 7
- Pictures of firefighting methods
- Water containers
- Sand and blankets
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 8
- Fire extinguisher
- Video clips on firefighting
- Charts showing firefighting methods

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Fire Safety - Importance of fire safety
Data Safety - Meaning and importance of data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the need for fire safety in the workplace
- Identify fire safety measures in workplaces
- Value the importance of fire safety in day-to-day life

- Visit a nearby workplace to observe fire safety measures
- Find out fire safety measures put in place (fire extinguishers, marked escape routes)
- Request a resource person to demonstrate how a fire extinguisher works
- Discuss the need for fire safety in the workshop
- Write main findings in notebook

Why is fire safety important in workplaces and schools?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 9
- Nearby workplace or workshop
- Fire safety equipment
- Resource person
- Notebooks
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 10
- Digital devices (computers, tablets, smartphones)
- Internet access
- Reference books

- Observation - Written reports - Oral presentations

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Threats to data: Viruses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify viruses as threats to data
- Explain how viruses harm data in devices
- Show concern for data protection

- Study messages displayed on digital devices showing threats
- Identify the threats displayed on the devices
- Discuss how viruses can harm data in devices
- Use available resources to search for threats to data in electronic devices

What are viruses and how do they threaten our data?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 11
- Digital devices showing virus warnings
- Pictures of virus alerts
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Group discussions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Threats to data: Unauthorized access
Data Safety - Ways of protecting data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain unauthorized access as a threat to data
- Describe how unauthorized access can harm data
- Value the importance of data security

- Discuss unauthorized access and its effects on data
- Search for information on data threats using digital or print resources
- Note down findings and present them in class
- Share findings with other groups

How does unauthorized access threaten our data?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 12
- Digital devices
- Internet resources
- Case studies on data breaches
- Charts showing data protection methods
- Pictures of data protection techniques

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Protecting data using passwords

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how passwords protect data
- Create strong passwords for data protection
- Practice using passwords to secure data

- Study how Nekesa protected her data using passwords
- Discuss how to create and use passwords
- Share experiences of using passwords to protect data
- Discuss other methods of protecting data apart from passwords

Why are passwords important in protecting our data?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 13
- Digital devices
- Password-protected files
- Internet resources on password creation

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions - Self-assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Securing data with passwords on documents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Secure a document using a password
- Follow steps to encrypt documents with passwords
- Show confidence in securing data

- Create a new document or open an existing document
- Click "File" then "Info"
- Click "Protect document" and select "Encrypt with password"
- Insert password and confirm it
- Close document and test password protection

How do we secure documents with passwords on a computer?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 14
- Computers with word processing software
- Documents to be protected
- Step-by-step guides

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Understanding antivirus software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of antivirus software
- Identify types of antivirus programs
- Appreciate the importance of antivirus protection

- Discuss what antivirus software is and its functions
- Learn about different types of antivirus programs
- Understand how antivirus protects electronic devices from viruses and online threats
- Discuss how antivirus interrupts threats

What is antivirus software and how does it protect our devices?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 15
- Digital devices with antivirus software
- Internet access
- Antivirus program interfaces

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Installing and scanning devices using antivirus

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Install antivirus on a device
- Scan electronic devices for viruses
- Interpret scan reports and remove threats

- Install antivirus of choice on devices
- Open security app and select "Full Scan" or "Quick Scan"
- Look at scan report to see if any viruses or threats were found
- Remove any threats or viruses found in the electronic device

How do we scan electronic devices for viruses?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 15
- Digital devices (phones, tablets, computers)
- Antivirus software
- Internet connection

- Practical work - Observation - Assessment of scan reports

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Securing school electronic devices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify electronic devices in school that need protection
- Secure data in school electronic devices using appropriate techniques
- Explain the importance of securing school devices

- Identify electronic devices in school (mobile phones, tablets, computers)
- Under teacher guidance, ensure data is secured in these devices
- Discuss why it is important to secure data in these devices using antivirus

Why is it important to secure data in school electronic devices?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 15
- School electronic devices
- Antivirus software
- Password protection tools

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Importance of data safety in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of data safety in daily life
- Identify instances where data needs to be secured
- Value the need for data safety

- Brainstorm on the importance of data safety in day-to-day lives
- Discuss instances where there is need to secure data
- Write summary notes and present them in class

When do we need to secure our data in daily life?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 16
- Digital devices
- Case studies on data safety
- Real-life examples

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written summaries

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies
Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Debate on data safety importance
Plane Geometry - Instruments used in drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Argue for or against the importance of data safety
- Apply critical thinking in discussing data safety issues
- Acknowledge the need for data safety in electronic device interaction

- Participate in Computer Club debate on: "Data safety is important in our interaction with electronic devices today"
- Present arguments supported by evidence
- Listen to opposing views and respond appropriately
- Draw conclusions on data safety importance

Is data safety essential in our digital interactions?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 16
- Debate guidelines
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 18
- Drawing instruments (set squares, compasses, rulers)
- Internet access

- Debate participation - Observation - Oral presentations - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plane Geometry - Layout of a drawing environment
Plane Geometry - Constructing combined shapes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify parts of a drawing environment
- Explain the layout of a drawing environment
- Appreciate the importance of proper drawing setup

- Search for information on drawing surface, margins, and title page
- Discuss the layout of a drawing environment
- Identify margins and title page on sample drawings
- Prepare drawing environment on a drawing sheet

Why is it important to set up a drawing environment before drawing?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 20
- Drawing sheets
- Pencils and straight edges
- Sample drawings showing layout
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 23
- Drawing books
- Geometrical sets
- Compasses and rulers
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical work - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plane Geometry - Use of plane geometry in drawing
Dimensioning - Types of dimensioning in drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct combined shapes accurately
- Explain the importance of plane geometry in daily life
- Value the application of plane geometry in various fields

- Construct combined shapes following step-by-step instructions
- Search for information on plane geometry applications in automotive engineering, sports, and sculpturing
- Present findings on uses of plane geometry
- Complete construction exercises

How is plane geometry applied in real-world professions?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 26
- Drawing equipment
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Career brochures
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 27
- Charts showing dimensioned drawings
- Sample technical drawings

- Practical work - Oral presentations - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Dimensioning - Linear and angular dimensioning
Dimensioning - Radial dimensioning and lines used for dimensioning
Dimensioning - Rules for dimensioning straight lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain linear dimensioning
- Describe angular dimensioning
- Appreciate the use of different dimensioning methods

- Study examples of linear dimensioning (horizontal and vertical)
- Analyze angular dimensioning examples
- Search for different dimensional drawings online
- Practice identifying linear and angular dimensions

How do we show distances and angles on technical drawings?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 28
- Drawing instruments
- Digital resources
- Sample dimensioned drawings
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 30
- Drawing books
- Rulers and compasses
- Charts showing line types
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 32
- Drawing equipment
- Digital devices
- Reference books on technical drawing

- Observation - Practical work - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Dimensioning - Rules for dimensioning circles and curves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Dimension circles using diameter and radius
- Apply correct symbols for radius and diameter
- Value accuracy in dimensioning curved surfaces

- Study examples of circles dimensioned using diameter (Ø)
- Practice dimensioning circles using radius (R)
- Discuss when to use diameter versus radius
- Complete dimensioning exercises on circles and curves

How do we correctly dimension circular features?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 34
- Drawing instruments
- Compasses
- Sample drawings with circles

- Practical work - Oral questions - Written assignments

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Dimensioning - Forms of dimensioning (chain, parallel, combined)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify chain dimensioning
- Describe parallel dimensioning
- Explain combined dimensioning
- Appreciate different dimensioning forms

- Study drawings showing chain dimensioning
- Analyze examples of parallel dimensioning
- Discuss combined dimensioning approach
- Categorize dimensioning forms from sample drawings

What are the different ways of arranging dimensions on drawings?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 36
- Charts showing dimensioning forms
- Drawing books
- Digital resources

- Observation - Written tests - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Dimensioning - Dimensioning shapes in drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure dimensions of shapes accurately
- Dimension shapes correctly using appropriate techniques
- Display quality work in portfolio

- Measure dimensions of given combined shapes
- Draw shapes to measured dimensions
- Dimension each drawing correctly following rules
- Display dimensioned drawings in portfolio for peer assessment

How do we dimension complex combined shapes?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 38
- Drawing equipment
- Rulers and measuring tools
- Drawing books
- Portfolio folders

- Practical work - Portfolio assessment - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Features of a plain scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define scale drawing
- Identify features of a plain scale
- Appreciate the importance of scale in drawing

- Search for information on meaning of scale drawing
- Study pictures showing plain scales
- Discuss features of plain scale (main units, sub-units, zero mark, R.F)
- Identify features on sample plain scales

Why do we need to use scales when drawing large or small objects?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 41
- Charts showing plain scales
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Sample scale drawings

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Understanding plain scale components

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain units and sub-units on plain scale
- Describe Representative Fraction (R.F)
- Show interest in reading plain scales accurately

- Discuss main units and sub-units on plain scales
- Understand zero mark positioning
- Learn about Representative Fraction (R.F)
- Create charts showing plain scale features

How do we read and understand information on a plain scale?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 43
- Drawing instruments
- Manila papers
- Markers
- Sample plain scales

- Practical work - Observation - Charts assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Interpreting a plain scale
Plain Scale Drawing - Drawing figures to a given scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Read measurements from main scale
- Read measurements from sub-scale
- Calculate total distance from plain scale readings

- Study plain scale showing distance between two points
- Practice reading main scale (part A)
- Practice reading sub-scale (part B)
- Calculate total distance by adding readings from both parts

How do we determine actual distances from a plain scale?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 44
- Plain scale examples
- Rulers
- Practice worksheets
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 46
- Drawing books
- Calculators
- Practice exercises

- Written tests - Practical work - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Drawing plane figures to scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw rectangular shapes to scale
- Calculate both length and width using R.F
- Demonstrate accuracy in scale drawing

- Practice drawing rectangular football field to scale
- Calculate drawing length and width separately
- Draw school playground to given scale
- Complete multiple scale drawing exercises

How do we draw rectangular areas to scale?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 47
- Drawing instruments
- Graph paper
- Calculators
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Plain Scale Drawing - Uses of plain scale drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of plain scale drawing in work environment
- Explain importance of scale drawing in daily life
- Value the application of scale drawing in various fields

- Study plain figures showing scale applications (maps, land plans)
- Discuss uses of plain scale drawing
- Search for real-world applications of scale drawing
- Present findings on importance of scale drawing

How is plain scale drawing used in the community and workplace?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 50
- Maps and plans
- Digital devices
- Career brochures
- Community resources

- Oral presentations - Written tests - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Meaning of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define visual programming
- Explain visual programming applications
- Show interest in learning visual programming

- Study picture of learner using visual programming application
- Brainstorm on meaning of visual programming
- Discuss visual programming applications
- Share findings with other groups

What is visual programming and how is it used?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 51
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Visual programming software
- Projector

- Observation - Oral questions - Group discussions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Types of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify educational applications
- Describe multimedia applications
- Recognize video game applications

- Search for information on educational applications
- Research multimedia applications
- Explore video game applications
- Brainstorm on examples of visual programming applications

What types of applications can be created using visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 52
- Digital devices
- Internet connection
- Textbooks
- Application examples

- Written tests - Oral presentations - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Examples of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify Microsoft MakeCode
- Recognize Scratch application
- Describe Sprite Box application

- Search for information on Microsoft MakeCode
- Research Scratch programming
- Study Sprite Box application
- Identify applications from their icons

What are common visual programming applications?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 53
- Computers/tablets
- Internet access
- Application icons
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical identification

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Features of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify input features
- Recognize processing features
- Describe output and effects features

- Launch Scratch application with teacher guidance
- Identify features under input category
- Explore processing features
- Study output and effects (sound, animations, background)

What are the main features of visual programming applications?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 55
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Projector
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Peer review

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Input feature in visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use the Ask command from sensing blocks
- Enter information from keyboard
- Create meaningful input questions

- Open Scratch application
- Use Ask command from sensing blocks
- Type questions for input
- Practice modifying input questions
- Test different input types (numbers, letters, words)

How do we get information from users in a program?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 56
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Internet access
- Practice worksheets

- Practical work - Observation - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Terminologies in visual programming (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define syntax in programming
- Explain variables
- Describe input and output statements

- Search for meanings of syntax, variables, input statements, output statements
- Discuss definitions with peers
- Write meanings in notebooks
- Share findings for peer review

What are the basic terms used in visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Internet access
- Glossary worksheets

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Terminologies in visual programming (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain coding and coding blocks
- Define sequence statements
- Describe repeating statements
- Understand selection statements and variable declarations

- Research meanings of coding, coding blocks, sequence statements
- Study repeating statements (forever, repeat until, repeat 10)
- Learn about selection statements and variable declarations
- Complete terminology table in notebooks

How do we give instructions to computers using visual programming?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 58
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Reference materials
- Practice examples

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Peer review

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating sequential instructions (Part 1)
Visual Programming - Creating sequential instructions (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Access Scratch online
- Navigate Scratch interface
- Identify Events blocks
- Use When flag clicked block

- Open Scratch using provided link
- Click Start Creating icon
- Close Tutorial Pane
- Explore Scratch interface
- Select Events and drag When flag clicked block

How do we start creating programs in Scratch?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 59
- Computers/tablets
- Internet access
- Scratch online platform
- Projector for demonstration
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 60
- Computers with Scratch
- Step-by-step guide
- Sample projects

- Practical work - Observation - Teacher guidance

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Animation project setup

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify backdrop and sprites icons
- Import backdrops
- Add sprites to projects
- Position sprites appropriately

- Open new Scratch project
- Identify backdrop icon and sprites icon
- Import brick wall backdrop (Wall 1)
- Select and add bat sprite
- Position bat sprite above ground

How do we set up the environment for animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 61
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Internet connection
- Visual examples

- Practical work - Observation - Project setup

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating flying bat animation (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use Forever loop for continuous motion
- Apply motion blocks to sprite
- Add costume changes for animation effect

- Click Events and add When flag clicked
- Add Forever block from Control
- Insert move 10 steps inside Forever
- Add next costume from Looks
- Insert wait 1 sec from Control

How do we create continuous movement in animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 62
- Computers with Scratch
- Bat sprite
- Instruction guide
- Sample animations

- Practical work - Animation quality - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating flying bat animation (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Complete flying bat animation
- Test and debug animation
- Modify animation parameters

- Add If on edge, bounce from Motion
- Arrange all blocks in correct sequence
- Click green flag to test animation
- Observe bat flying and flapping wings
- Modify speed and wait time if needed

How do we test and improve our animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 63
- Computers/tablets
- Completed Scratch project
- Testing checklist
- Peer review forms

- Practical work - Program functionality - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating own animation project
Visual Programming - Importance of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan own animation project
- Select appropriate sprites and backdrops
- Apply learned programming blocks
- Create functional animation

- Plan animation idea
- Choose sprites and backdrop
- Apply sequence of blocks learned
- Add motion, sound, and effects
- Test and refine animation
- Present project to peers

How can we create our own unique animations?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 64
- Computers/tablets
- Scratch software
- Planning templates
- Project rubric
- Digital devices
- Career resources
- Internet access
- Presentation tools

- Project work - Presentation - Peer and self-assessment