Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Components of Integrated Science

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term Integrated Science
- Identify the three components of Integrated Science
- Show interest in learning about science components

- Brainstorm on the components of Integrated Science in groups
- Use charts to identify Physics, Chemistry and Biology
- Discuss the meaning of Integrated Science
- Draw and label a diagram showing the three components

How does integration help us understand science better?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 1
- Charts showing science components
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Physics as a component
Introduction to Integrated Science - Chemistry as a component

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define Physics
- Give examples of Physics concepts
- Appreciate the role of Physics in daily life

- Discuss the definition of Physics
- Identify Physics concepts from given examples
- Use digital devices to search for Physics applications
- Share findings with classmates

What is the study of Physics all about?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 2
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Laboratory chemicals
- Charts

- Oral questions - Group discussions - Practical activities

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Biology as a component
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in agriculture
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define Biology
- Give examples of biological concepts
- Appreciate the study of living things

- Discuss the definition of Biology
- Identify living things in the school compound
- Classify organisms as plants and animals
- Share findings through group presentations

Why is the study of living things important?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 2
- Living specimens
- Magnifying glass
- Master Integrated Science pg. 3
- Pictures of farming tools
- School garden
- Master Integrated Science pg. 4
- Pictures of medical equipment
- First aid kit

- Field observations - Group work assessment - Oral questions

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in transport
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in food and textile
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in industry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain scientific innovations in transport
- Identify eco-friendly transport methods
- Appreciate technological advancement in transport

- Study pictures of different transport methods
- Discuss electric vehicles and their benefits
- Compare traditional and modern transport
- Create a timeline of transport evolution

How has science improved transportation?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 5
- Pictures of vehicles
- Internet access
- Food packages
- Fabric samples
- Master Integrated Science pg. 6
- Pictures of industries
- Recycled materials

- Timeline creation - Group discussions - Observations

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Career opportunities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify science-related careers
- Explain pathways in STEM education
- Show interest in science careers

- Create a career chart using available materials
- Research science careers using digital devices
- Interview a science professional
- Display career information

What career opportunities does science offer?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 7
- Career magazines
- Digital devices

- Career chart assessment - Interview reports - Presentations

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - STEM pathways

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain STEM pathway components
- Identify senior school science options
- Appreciate the importance of STEM education

- Study STEM pathway diagram
- Discuss Pure Sciences, Applied Sciences, and Technical Engineering
- Create a pathway flow chart
- Share findings with peers

How does Integrated Science prepare us for senior school?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 8
- STEM pathway charts
- Manila papers

- Flow chart creation - Peer discussions - Written assignments

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Project work and review
Laboratory Safety - Defining a laboratory

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a comprehensive career chart
- Present science importance findings
- Demonstrate understanding of Integrated Science

- Complete the career chart project
- Present projects to classmates
- Review all topics covered
- Conduct peer assessment

What have we learned about Integrated Science?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 9
- Project materials
- Assessment rubrics
- Master Integrated Science pg. 13
- School laboratory
- Pictures of laboratories

- Project assessment - Peer evaluation - Self-assessment

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Common hazards and symbols

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common laboratory hazards
- Recognize hazard symbols
- Show concern for laboratory safety

- Observe hazard symbols on chemical containers
- Draw and name different hazard symbols
- Discuss the meaning of each symbol
- Create a safety symbols chart

What do laboratory hazard symbols tell us?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 14
- Chemical containers with labels
- Drawing materials

- Symbol identification - Chart creation - Practical work

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Flammable substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify flammable substances
- Explain safety measures for flammable materials
- Practice safe handling of such substances

- Identify the flammable symbol
- Discuss substances that catch fire easily
- Practice proper storage methods
- Demonstrate safe handling procedures

How should we handle substances that catch fire easily?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 15
- Flammable substance containers
- Safety equipment

- Practical demonstrations - Safety practice assessment - Oral questions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Toxic substances
Laboratory Safety - Corrosive substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify toxic substances
- Explain dangers of toxic materials
- Practice safety measures when near toxic substances

- Identify the toxic symbol
- Discuss harmful effects of toxic substances
- Practice using protective equipment
- Demonstrate proper disposal methods

Why are some laboratory substances dangerous to our health?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 15
- Protective equipment
- Toxic substance labels
- Master Integrated Science pg. 16
- Corrosive warning labels
- Safety equipment

- Practical demonstrations - Safety assessment - Written tests

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Radioactive and carcinogenic substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify radioactive and carcinogenic symbols
- Explain the dangers of radiation and cancer-causing substances
- Appreciate the need for extreme caution

- Identify radioactive and carcinogenic symbols
- Discuss health effects of radiation
- Learn about protective measures
- Practice safety protocols

Why do we need special protection from radioactive materials?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 16
- Radioactive warning labels
- Safety protocols chart

- Safety protocol demonstration - Symbol recognition - Written assessments

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Causes of laboratory accidents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common causes of laboratory accidents
- Explain how accidents occur
- Develop awareness to prevent accidents

- Discuss common laboratory accidents
- Analyze case studies of laboratory incidents
- Identify unsafe practices
- Create an accident prevention checklist

How do accidents happen in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 17
- Case study materials
- Accident report forms

- Case study analysis - Checklist creation - Group discussions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Burns and scalds
Laboratory Safety - Cuts and injuries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between burns and scalds
- Identify causes of burns and scalds
- Practice prevention measures

- Differentiate between dry heat burns and wet heat scalds
- Identify sources of burns and scalds in the laboratory
- Practice proper handling of hot equipment
- Demonstrate safety procedures

What is the difference between burns and scalds?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 18
- Hot water demonstration setup
- Safety equipment
- Glassware samples
- Safety gloves

- Practical demonstrations - Safety procedure assessment - Oral questions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Ingestion of harmful substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how harmful substances can be ingested
- Practice hygiene measures in the laboratory
- Demonstrate emergency response procedures

- Discuss how chemicals can accidentally enter the body
- Practice proper hand washing techniques
- Learn about eating restrictions in the laboratory
- Demonstrate emergency first aid

Why should we never eat or drink in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 19
- Hand washing stations
- Emergency contact information

- Hygiene practice assessment - Emergency procedure demonstration - Written tests

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - First aid for burns and scalds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate first aid for burns
- Demonstrate first aid for scalds
- Practice emergency response procedures

- Learn the steps for treating burns
- Practice cooling burn injuries
- Demonstrate proper wound covering
- Role-play emergency situations

What should we do immediately when someone gets burned?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 20
- First aid kit
- Cold water supply

- First aid demonstration - Role-play assessment - Practical skills test

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - First aid for cuts
Laboratory Safety - First aid for ingestion emergencies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate first aid for cuts
- Practice wound cleaning procedures
- Show competence in bandaging techniques

- Learn proper wound cleaning methods
- Practice applying pressure to stop bleeding
- Demonstrate bandaging techniques
- Role-play cut injury scenarios

How do we properly treat a cut to prevent infection?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 21
- Bandages and gauze
- Antiseptic solution
- Emergency contact numbers
- Poison control information

- Bandaging skills assessment - First aid demonstration - Practical evaluation

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Importance of safety measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain why laboratory safety is important
- Value personal and others' safety
- Appreciate the role of safety in learning

- Discuss benefits of following safety rules
- Analyze consequences of ignoring safety
- Create safety promotion materials
- Present safety importance to younger students

Why is it important to follow safety rules in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 22
- Safety promotion materials
- Presentation equipment

- Safety presentation assessment - Material creation evaluation - Peer teaching assessment

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Basic skills in science

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define basic skills in science
- Identify different science process skills
- Appreciate the importance of scientific skills

- Brainstorm on scientific skills
- Identify skills used in daily activities
- Practice observation and classification
- Discuss the importance of each skill

Why are basic skills important in science?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 25
- Observable objects
- Classification materials

- Skills demonstration - Practical observations - Oral assessments

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Manipulative skills
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Observation skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define manipulative skills
- Practice handling laboratory equipment
- Demonstrate safe manipulation techniques

- Handle various laboratory tools
- Practice proper gripping techniques
- Demonstrate equipment care
- Show safe manipulation methods

How do we safely handle laboratory equipment?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 26
- Laboratory equipment
- Safety gloves
- Various objects for observation
- Observation recording sheets

- Equipment handling assessment - Safety demonstration - Practical skills evaluation

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Measurement skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define measurement skills
- Use appropriate measuring instruments
- Record measurements accurately

- Practice using rulers and tape measures
- Measure various objects in the classroom
- Record measurements in proper units
- Compare measurement accuracy

How do we measure objects accurately?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Rulers and measuring tapes
- Objects to measure

- Measurement accuracy assessment - Unit usage evaluation - Recording skills check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Classification skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define classification skills
- Practice grouping objects by properties
- Create classification systems

- Sort objects by different characteristics
- Create classification charts
- Practice biological classification
- Develop personal classification systems

How do we organize things into groups?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Various objects for sorting
- Classification charts

- Classification accuracy assessment - Chart creation evaluation - System development check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Prediction and communication skills
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Heating apparatus identification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define prediction and communication skills
- Make reasonable predictions
- Communicate findings effectively

- Make predictions about simple experiments
- Test predictions through observation
- Communicate results to classmates
- Practice scientific reporting

How do we share our scientific discoveries?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Simple experiment materials
- Communication aids
- Master Integrated Science pg. 28
- Various heating apparatus
- Equipment identification charts

- Prediction accuracy assessment - Communication skills evaluation - Scientific reporting check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Parts of a Bunsen burner

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify parts of a Bunsen burner
- Explain the function of each part
- Draw a labeled diagram of a Bunsen burner

- Examine a real Bunsen burner
- Identify and label each part
- Discuss the function of each component
- Draw accurate labeled diagrams

What are the different parts of a Bunsen burner?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 30
- Bunsen burner
- Labeling materials

- Diagram labeling assessment - Function explanation evaluation - Drawing accuracy check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Using and caring for heating apparatus

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper use of heating apparatus
- Practice safety measures while heating
- Show proper care and maintenance procedures

- Practice lighting a Bunsen burner safely
- Demonstrate proper flame adjustment
- Practice cleaning and storage procedures
- Follow safety protocols throughout

How do we safely use and care for heating equipment?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 31
- Heating apparatus
- Safety equipment

- Safe usage demonstration - Care procedure assessment - Safety protocol evaluation

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Mass measuring instruments
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Temperature measuring instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify instruments for measuring mass
- Distinguish between electronic and beam balances
- Practice proper use of weighing instruments

- Identify different types of balances
- Practice using electronic balances
- Compare beam balance and electronic balance
- Measure masses of various objects

What instruments do we use to measure mass?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 34
- Electronic and beam balances
- Objects for weighing
- Master Integrated Science pg. 36
- Various thermometers
- Substances at different temperatures

- Balance usage assessment - Measurement accuracy evaluation - Comparison skills check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Length measuring instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify length measuring instruments
- Use rulers, calipers, and micrometers
- Practice accurate length measurements

- Use rulers and tape measures
- Practice with vernier calipers
- Learn micrometer screw gauge usage
- Measure various object dimensions

What tools help us measure length precisely?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 39
- Rulers, calipers, micrometers
- Objects for measurement

- Measurement precision assessment - Tool usage evaluation - Accuracy comparison check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Volume and weight measuring

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify volume measuring apparatus
- Use spring balances for weight measurement
- Practice accurate volume and weight measurements

- Use measuring cylinders and pipettes
- Practice with spring balances
- Measure volumes of liquids
- Determine weights of objects

How do we measure volume and weight in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 45
- Volume measuring apparatus
- Spring balances

- Volume measurement assessment - Weight determination evaluation - Apparatus usage check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Magnification tools and SI units
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Practical skills assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify magnification instruments
- Use microscopes and hand lenses
- Understand SI units for measurements

- Practice using hand lenses
- Learn microscope parts and functions
- Use microscopes to observe specimens
- Review all SI units covered

How do we see tiny objects and express measurements?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 49
- Microscopes and hand lenses
- SI unit reference charts
- Master Integrated Science pg. 25-56
- All apparatus covered
- Assessment rubrics

- Microscope usage assessment - Magnification skills evaluation - SI unit application check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Review and consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review all concepts covered in the strand
- Demonstrate understanding through assessment
- Appreciate the importance of scientific investigation

- Review all sub-strand topics
- Complete comprehensive assessment
- Reflect on learning achievements
- Plan for future learning

What have we learned about scientific investigation?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 25-56
- Review materials
- Assessment papers

- Comprehensive written assessment - Reflection evaluation - Learning progress check

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Components of Integrated Science as a field of study
Mixtures - Categorising mixtures as homogenous or heterogeneous
Mixtures - Solute, solvent and solution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a mixture
- Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
- Show interest in learning about mixtures

- Brainstorm on the meaning of mixtures
- Discuss examples of mixtures found at home and school
- Categorize mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous

How do we identify different types of mixtures in our environment?

Master Integrated Science pg. 72
- Digital resources
- Internet access
- Exercise books
- Environment for observation
Master Integrated Science pg. 74
- Salt and water
- Beakers and stirring rods

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Identifying solute, solvent and solution in mixtures
Mixtures - Separation by evaporation
Mixtures - Separation by crystallisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify solute, solvent and solution in various mixtures
- Explain the process of dissolving
- Appreciate the concept of solutions in daily life

- Carry out activity using salt and water to identify solute, solvent and solution
- Observe and record the dissolving process
- Discuss observations with peers

What happens when a solute dissolves in a solvent?

Master Integrated Science pg. 74
- Common salt
- Water
- Beakers
- Stirring rods
Master Integrated Science pg. 76
- Salt, water
- Evaporating dish
- Bunsen burner
- Tripod stand
Master Integrated Science pg. 78
- Salt, distilled water
- Filter paper and funnel

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Simple distillation setup
Mixtures - Separation by simple distillation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify apparatus used in simple distillation
- Set up simple distillation apparatus
- Appreciate the importance of proper apparatus setup

- Identify distillation apparatus
- With teacher guidance, set up distillation apparatus
- Discuss the function of each apparatus
- Practice safety measures

Why is proper setup important in distillation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 80
- Distillation apparatus
- Safety equipment
- Salt solution
- Complete distillation setup
- Thermometer

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Fractional distillation setup
Mixtures - Separation by fractional distillation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify apparatus for fractional distillation
- Explain the function of fractionating column
- Appreciate the complexity of fractional distillation

- Identify fractional distillation apparatus
- Discuss the function of glass beads in fractionating column
- Compare with simple distillation setup

What makes fractional distillation different from simple distillation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 82
- Fractional distillation apparatus
- Digital devices for research
- Water and ethanol mixture
- Complete fractional distillation setup

- Observation - Oral questions - Research presentation

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by sublimation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define sublimation and deposition
- Demonstrate separation using sublimation
- Appreciate sublimation as a separation method

- Separate iodine from impurities using sublimation
- Observe purple vapour formation
- Collect pure iodine crystals on cool surfaces
- Discuss other substances that sublime

How does sublimation help in purifying substances?

Master Integrated Science pg. 84
- Impure iodine
- Evaporating dish
- Filter funnel
- Cotton wool

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by solvent extraction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain solvent extraction method
- Extract oil from nuts using solvent extraction
- Show interest in extraction processes

- Crush groundnuts and add propanone
- Allow mixture to settle and decant solution
- Evaporate solvent to obtain oil
- Test oil properties using filter paper

How are useful substances extracted from natural materials?

Master Integrated Science pg. 86
- Groundnuts or seeds
- Propanone
- Mortar and pestle
- Filter paper

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Observation schedule

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by chromatography
Mixtures - Extended chromatography activity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define paper chromatography
- Demonstrate chromatography technique
- Appreciate chromatography as an analytical tool

- Prepare filter paper strip
- Apply ink spot and dip in propanone
- Observe separation of ink components
- Measure distances travelled by components

How does chromatography separate components of colored mixtures?

Master Integrated Science pg. 88
- Black ink
- Filter paper
- Propanone
- Measuring cylinder
Master Integrated Science pg. 90
- Various pen inks
- Filter papers
- Droppers

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Applications of separation methods in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of separation methods in industries
- Explain real-life uses of separation techniques
- Appreciate the importance of separation methods in society

- Study images showing industrial applications
- Discuss separation methods used in salt production
- Research applications using digital devices
- Present findings to classmates

How are separation methods applied in industries and daily life?

Master Integrated Science pg. 92
- Digital devices
- Industrial application images
- Reference materials

- Research presentation - Oral questions - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Matching separation methods with applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Match separation methods with appropriate applications
- Explain choice of separation method for specific mixtures
- Show appreciation for scientific problem-solving

- Complete table matching activities with separation methods
- Discuss why specific methods are used for particular applications
- Analyze real-world separation scenarios

Which separation method is most suitable for a given mixture?

Master Integrated Science pg. 94
- Activity tables
- Course book
- Reference materials

- Written assignments - Assessment rubrics - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Review of separation methods
Mixtures - Assessment and application synthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize all separation methods learned
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of different methods
- Demonstrate understanding of separation principles

- Review all separation methods covered
- Create summary charts of separation techniques
- Discuss when to use each method
- Practice problem-solving with mixture separation

How do we choose the best separation method for a given situation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 72-94
- Summary charts
- Previous practical results
- Problem scenarios
- Assessment materials

- Written tests - Observation - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Introduction to acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define acids and bases
- Identify characteristics of acids and bases
- Show interest in learning about acids and bases

- Brainstorm on acids and bases
- Discuss taste and texture of common substances
- Identify acidic and basic substances in daily life
- Share experiences with sour and bitter substances

What makes substances acidic or basic?

Master Integrated Science pg. 95
- Common household items
- Course book

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Using litmus paper to identify acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use litmus paper to test acids and bases
- Classify household solutions as acids or bases
- Appreciate the use of indicators in identification

- Test various household solutions with red and blue litmus papers
- Record color changes in a table
- Classify solutions as acids or bases
- Discuss results with classmates

How do we use litmus paper to identify acids and bases?

Master Integrated Science pg. 96
- Red and blue litmus papers
- Various household solutions
- Test tubes

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Resource person on plant extract indicators
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Preparing indicators from plant extracts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the use of plant extracts as indicators
- Identify plants suitable for indicator preparation
- Show appreciation for natural indicators

- Listen to resource person on plant extract indicators
- Ask questions for clarification
- Write notes on key points discussed
- Discuss applications of natural indicators

Why can some plants be used as acid-base indicators?

Master Integrated Science pg. 98
- Resource person
- Note-taking materials
- Plant flowers
- Ethanol
- Mortar and pestle
- Filter paper

- Observation - Oral questions - Note-taking assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Alternative plant extract preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare indicators using red cabbage or beetroot
- Compare different plant extract indicators
- Appreciate variety in natural indicators

- Use red cabbage or beetroot to prepare indicators
- Follow extraction procedure with ethanol
- Compare color intensity with flower extracts
- Dispose of waste materials safely

Which plants give the best natural indicators?

Master Integrated Science pg. 100
- Red cabbage or beetroot
- Ethanol
- Extraction apparatus

- Practical work - Observation - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Testing solutions with plant extract indicators

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use plant extract indicators to test solutions
- Classify solutions as acidic or basic using natural indicators
- Show appreciation for natural indicator effectiveness

- Test various household solutions with plant extract indicators
- Record color changes observed
- Complete classification table
- Compare results with litmus paper tests

How effective are plant extract indicators compared to litmus paper?

Master Integrated Science pg. 100
- Plant extract indicators
- Various household solutions
- Test tubes
- Droppers

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Physical properties of acids
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Physical properties of bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical properties of acids
- Investigate appearance, texture, and smell of acids
- Show safe handling practices with acids

- Observe appearance of lemon juice
- Safely smell acidic solutions by wafting
- Feel texture using gloved hands
- Test with litmus papers
- Record observations in a table

What are the distinctive physical properties of acids?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Lemon juice
- Safety equipment
- Litmus papers
- Test tubes
- Baking powder solution
- Comparison tables

- Practical work - Observation - Safety assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Solubility of acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate solubility of acids and bases in water
- Explain formation of homogeneous mixtures
- Show understanding of solution formation

- Add water to lemon juice and observe mixing
- Add water to baking powder solution and observe
- Discuss formation of homogeneous solutions
- Compare solubility characteristics

Why do acids and bases dissolve in water?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Acidic and basic solutions
- Water
- Test tubes
- Observation sheets

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Electrical conductivity of acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test electrical conductivity of acids and bases
- Explain why acids and bases conduct electricity
- Appreciate electrical properties of solutions

- Set up electrical conductivity apparatus
- Test conductivity of vinegar
- Test conductivity of baking powder solution
- Observe bulb brightness in both cases

Why do acidic and basic solutions conduct electricity?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Battery and bulb setup
- Connecting wires
- Metal rods
- Acidic and basic solutions

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of acids in daily life
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of bases in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of acids in food, industry, and medicine
- Explain applications of acids in various sectors
- Appreciate importance of acids in society

- Use digital devices to research acid applications
- Study images of acid uses in various industries
- Discuss food preservation using acids
- Explore medicinal uses of acids

How are acids useful in our daily lives?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Digital devices
- Application images
- Reference materials
- Household base products
- Digital resources
- Application examples

- Research presentation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of indicators in various sectors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of indicators in agriculture, medicine, and laboratories
- Identify importance of indicators in testing
- Appreciate indicator applications in quality control

- Research indicator uses in soil testing
- Discuss medical test strips
- Explore food freshness indicators
- Study laboratory indicator applications

How do indicators help in testing and quality control?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Test strips examples
- Digital resources
- Laboratory indicators

- Research presentation - Assessment rubrics - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Reading product labels for acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify acidic and basic ingredients in household products
- Read and interpret product labels
- Show awareness of chemical content in daily products

- Collect household product containers
- Read ingredient labels carefully
- Identify acidic and basic components
- Create classification table of products
- Discuss findings with classmates

What acidic and basic substances are found in household products?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Household product containers
- Label reading worksheets
- Classification tables

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Label interpretation skills

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in food and cooking
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in agriculture

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of acids and bases in food preparation
- Identify preservative and flavoring applications
- Appreciate chemical processes in cooking

- Study food preservatives containing acids
- Explore baking powder use in cooking
- Discuss vinegar applications in food
- Analyze food flavoring with citric acid

How do acids and bases contribute to food preparation and preservation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Food product examples
- Cooking ingredients
- Preservative labels
- Soil testing materials
- Agricultural examples
- pH testing demonstrations

- Observation - Practical demonstrations - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in medicine and health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify medicinal uses of acids and bases
- Explain antacid function in treating heartburn
- Appreciate chemical solutions to health problems

- Study antacid tablet ingredients
- Discuss stomach acid neutralization
- Explore pain relief medications containing acids
- Research medical applications of acids and bases

How do acids and bases help solve health problems?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Medicine examples
- Antacid products
- Medical application research

- Research activities - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in cleaning and industry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain cleaning applications of acids and bases
- Identify industrial uses of acids and bases
- Show appreciation for chemical solutions in industry

- Study toilet cleaners containing acids
- Explore soap and detergent base content
- Discuss car battery acid applications
- Research industrial acid and base uses

What roles do acids and bases play in cleaning and industrial processes?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Cleaning product examples
- Industrial application images
- Safety material examples

- Practical demonstrations - Assessment rubrics - Industrial application analysis

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Review and synthesis of concepts
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Problem-solving with acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Integration and future applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about acids, bases, and indicators
- Compare different identification methods
- Demonstrate comprehensive understanding

- Review acid and base definitions
- Compare litmus and plant extract indicators
- Summarize physical properties
- Create concept maps of applications

How do all the concepts about acids, bases, and indicators connect?

Master Integrated Science pg. 95-105
- Review materials
- Concept mapping resources
- Unknown solution samples
- Various indicators
- Problem scenarios
- Career information resources
- Future learning pathways

- Written tests - Assessment rubrics - Concept mapping