Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Types of raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of raised platforms used in performing tasks
- Describe the uses of different raised platforms
- Show interest in learning about raised platforms

- Walk around the school to explore types of raised platforms (ladders, trestles, steps, stands, mobile raised platforms, work benches, ramps)
- Brainstorm on the types of raised platforms used in day-to-day life
- Use print or digital media to search for information on types of raised platforms

What types of raised platforms are used in performing tasks?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Pictures and charts of raised platforms
- Actual raised platforms in school environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Types of raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Risks associated with working on raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how raised platforms help people perform tasks
- Classify raised platforms according to their uses
- Appreciate the role of raised platforms in different environments

- Study pictures showing people using different raised platforms
- Discuss how different types of raised platforms are being used
- Mention how raised platforms are used in the locality
- Visit various areas around school where raised platforms are used

How do raised platforms help people perform tasks safely?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Pictures of people using raised platforms
- Reference books
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 5
- Internet access
- Video clips on platform safety
- Pictures showing accidents
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Safety posters
- Personal protective equipment
- Digital resources
- Raised platforms for demonstration
- Personal protective equipment (helmets, harnesses, gloves, boots)
- Safety nets
- Guardrails
- Manila paper and markers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Practical application and assessment
Safety on raised platforms - Review and consolidation
Handling hazardous substances - Hazardous substances found in the environment
Handling hazardous substances - Classification of hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms
- Analyse consequences of failure to observe safety
- Embrace safe work practices at all times

- Identify hazardous substances found in the environment
- Describe how hazardous substances can cause harm
- Show awareness of hazardous substances in the locality

- Study pictures showing consequences of failing to observe safety
- Discuss how failing to observe safety affects people directly or indirectly
- Visit community workplaces to observe safety practices
- Develop safety measures posters for the community
- Explore the environment to identify hazardous substances
- Study pictures showing hazardous substances
- Use print or digital media to search for information on hazardous substances
- Watch video on hazardous substances

What is the importance of observing safety when working on raised platforms?
What are hazardous substances?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 10
- Pictures showing accidents
- Digital devices
- Manila paper for posters
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Various raised platforms
- Personal protective equipment
- Task cards
- Assessment rubrics
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Digital devices
- Pictures of hazardous substances
- Video clips
- Samples of labeled hazardous substances
- Classification chart
- Pictures of different hazardous substances
- Manila paper
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Observation - Oral questions - Project
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Safe ways of handling hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Explain the importance of reading labels and manuals
- Show commitment to safe handling practices

- Use print or digital media to search for information on safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Discuss safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Read and interpret instructions on labels of hazardous substances
- Study product labels with safety instructions

Why are hazardous substances labelled?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Product labels and manuals
- Digital devices
- Samples of labeled products
- Safety posters
- Various product labels
- Charts showing safety symbols
- Manila paper
- Markers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Handling hazardous substances safely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate safe handling of hazardous substances
- Use personal protective equipment when handling hazardous substances
- Value the importance of safe handling practices

- Practice safe handling of poisonous, flammable and corrosive substances
- Role-play safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Demonstrate wearing appropriate PPE
- Visit the locality to observe safe handling practices

How are hazardous substances handled safely?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 20
- Personal protective equipment
- Sample hazardous substances (properly sealed)
- Digital devices
- Role-play materials

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Oral questions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Handling hazardous substances safely
Handling hazardous substances - Importance of observing safety
Handling hazardous substances - Practical application and assessment
Handling hazardous substances - Review and consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain proper storage of hazardous substances
- Describe safe disposal methods for hazardous substances
- Show responsibility when handling hazardous substances

- Identify hazardous substances and their classifications
- Demonstrate safe handling of hazardous substances
- Apply safety measures when handling hazardous substances

- Discuss proper storage of hazardous substances
- Learn about safe disposal methods (reduce, reuse, recycle)
- Visit workplaces to observe storage and disposal practices
- Practice safe handling procedures
- Identify and classify hazardous substances
- Demonstrate safe handling procedures
- Complete assessment activities
- Create safety posters on handling hazardous substances

How should hazardous substances be stored and disposed?
How can you safely handle hazardous substances in your environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 20
- Storage containers
- Digital devices
- Video clips on disposal methods
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 21
- Pictures showing accidents
- Word search puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Various hazardous substances (sealed)
- PPE
- Assessment rubrics
- Manila paper
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Digital resources
- Product labels

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions - Written tests
- Practical work - Written tests - Project - Self-assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Ways of nurturing talents and abilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of nurturing talents and abilities
- Identify personal talents and abilities
- Show interest in developing talents and abilities

- Discuss ways of nurturing talents and abilities
- Display talents and abilities through clubs and societies
- Brainstorm on how talents can be nurtured for business purposes
- Practice personal talents with peers

How are talents and abilities nurtured?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Digital devices
- Charts on talent development
- Reference materials
- Club and society materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical demonstration - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Career pathways in senior school
Self-exploration and career development - Career pathways and career opportunities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify career pathways offered in senior school
- Relate talents and abilities to career pathways
- Appreciate the importance of career pathways

- Use print or digital media to search for career pathways in senior school
- Make a list of talents and abilities and their corresponding career pathways
- Discuss career pathways (Arts and Sports Science, Social Sciences, STEM)
- Study pictures of learners demonstrating talents

What are the career pathways available in senior school?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Digital devices
- Career pathway charts
- Pictures of various careers
- Reference materials
- Resource person
- Career brochures
- Manila paper
- Career magazines

- Oral questions - Written tests - Practical work - Observation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Ethical and unethical practices
Self-exploration and career development - Choosing careers based on talents
Self-exploration and career development - Review and consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ethical and unethical practices related to use of talents
- Analyse case scenarios on ethical and unethical practices
- Show commitment to ethical practices

- Explain ways of nurturing talents and career pathways
- Analyse ethical practices in career development
- Make informed career choices based on talents

- Read and discuss case scenarios on ethical and unethical practices
- Analyse ethical practices demonstrated by individuals
- Discuss unethical practices and their consequences
- Brainstorm on ethical use of talents and abilities
- Review key concepts on self-exploration and career development
- Complete word search activity on careers
- Discuss personal career choices
- Reflect on learning progress

What are ethical and unethical practices in career development?
Why is self-exploration important for career development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Case study materials
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Discussion guides
- Career assessment tools
- Crossword puzzles
- Presentation materials
- Career guides
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Word search puzzles
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Oral questions - Group discussions - Case study analysis
- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Characteristics of oblique drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the characteristics of oblique drawings
- Identify oblique drawings in technical fields
- Show interest in learning about oblique projection

- Use print or digital media to search for characteristics of oblique drawings
- Study examples of oblique drawings
- Brainstorm on characteristics of oblique drawings
- Describe oblique drawings using their characteristics

What are the characteristics of oblique drawings?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing instruments
- Digital devices
- Examples of oblique drawings
- Charts showing oblique characteristics
- Examples of cabinet and cavalier projections
- Drawing paper
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Practical work

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching given drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch simple objects in oblique projection without instruments
- Follow steps for sketching oblique drawings
- Show interest in sketching oblique drawings

- Study steps for drawing a cube in oblique projection
- Sketch drawings in oblique projection using squared paper
- Practice sketching without using instruments
- Draw front face and receding lines at 45°

How are oblique drawings sketched without instruments?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Pencils (HB, 2H)
- Plain paper
- Examples of oblique sketches
- Pencils
- Examples of shaped blocks

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching practice
Oblique projection - Drawing with instruments
Oblique projection - Drawing shaped blocks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch various drawings in oblique projection
- Demonstrate competence in freehand sketching
- Show creativity in oblique drawing

- Draw shaped blocks using geometrical instruments
- Use 45° set square correctly
- Appreciate the importance of accurate drawing

- Practice sketching given drawings in oblique projection
- Sketch on both squared and plain paper
- Display and compare sketches with classmates
- Receive feedback on sketches
- Study steps for drawing a cuboid in oblique projection
- Use drawing instruments to draw the front face
- Draw receding lines at 45° using set square
- Practice drawing with correct dimensions

How can you improve your sketching skills?
How are geometrical instruments used in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Sample drawings
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- 45° set square
- Ruler
- HB and 2H pencils
- Pair of compasses
- Geometrical set (45° set square, ruler, compasses)

- Practical work - Peer assessment - Portfolio - Observation
- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Assessment rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw various shaped blocks with cut-outs
- Mark depths accurately using compasses
- Value precision in technical drawing

- Follow steps to draw shaped blocks with cut-outs
- Use compasses to mark equal depths on receding lines
- Draw horizontal and vertical lines parallel to front face
- Outline completed drawings with HB pencil

How can shaped blocks with cut-outs be drawn accurately?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Pencils (HB, 2H)
- Examples of complex shaped blocks
- Drawing board
- Pencils

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Applications in technical communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain applications of oblique projection in technical fields
- Identify uses of oblique drawings in different professions
- Appreciate the importance of oblique projection

- Study pictures showing applications of oblique projection
- Discuss how oblique drawings are used in carpentry and other trades
- Brainstorm on applications in technical communication
- Walk around locality to observe use of oblique drawings

How are oblique drawings used in technical fields?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Pictures of technical drawings
- Digital devices
- Examples from carpentry and construction
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Field notes

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Applications and practice
Oblique projection - Assessment and review
Oblique projection - Consolidation
Visual programming - Application areas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply oblique projection to solve design problems
- Draw objects from observation in oblique projection
- Show creativity in technical drawing

- Explain characteristics and applications of oblique projection
- Draw various shaped blocks accurately
- Value the role of oblique projection in technical fields

- Sketch building blocks and furniture in oblique projection
- Draw items found in immediate environment
- Practice drawing from different angles
- Present drawings for feedback
- Review key concepts on oblique projection
- Complete assessment activities
- Display portfolio of oblique drawings
- Discuss real-world applications

How can oblique projection help in design and communication?
Why is oblique projection important in technical communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Drawing instruments
- Sample objects
- Digital devices
- Complete geometrical set
- Assessment rubrics
- Self-reflection checklist
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Portfolio of drawings
- Assessment tools
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Internet access
- Pictures of applications

- Practical work - Portfolio - Presentations - Assessment rubrics
- Written tests - Portfolio assessment - Oral questions - Self-assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Application areas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe mobile programming
- Explain web development
- Appreciate the importance of visual programming in daily life

- Study images showing mobile applications
- Identify and name mobile applications
- Discuss how applications are used to perform tasks
- Learn about mobile programming and web development

How are mobile and web applications developed?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Smartphones/tablets
- Digital devices
- Examples of mobile apps
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests - Group discussions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Application areas
Visual programming - Installing and familiarising with Scratch

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain game development using visual programming
- Describe educational tools created with visual programming
- Show interest in creating applications

- Discuss game development and educational tools
- Study examples of games and educational software
- Learn about visual programming in robotics and animation
- Watch videos on application development

What are the application areas of visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Examples of games and educational tools
- Computers/laptops
- Internet connection
- Scratch software
- Installation guide

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Research presentation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Familiarising with Scratch
Visual programming - Creating a clicker game

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain features of Scratch interface
- Use drag-and-drop to create simple scripts
- Appreciate visual programming interface

- Make sprites move in random positions
- Make sprites change color
- Value problem-solving in programming

- Study Scratch interface components
- Click categories and explore commands
- Practice using motion and looks commands
- Change numbers in commands to observe effects on sprites
- Create script to move balloon randomly
- Create script to change sprite color
- Add functionality to increase score when sprite is clicked
- Test and debug the game

What are the features of Scratch interface?
How can sprites be programmed to move and change?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch installed
- Digital projector
- Practice activities
- Reference guide
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Sample games
- Step-by-step guide
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Project files
- Debugging guide
- Assessment rubrics

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Checklist
- Practical work - Observation - Problem-solving skills - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating interactive stories

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create an interactive story using Scratch
- Add characters and dialogues
- Show creativity in storytelling

- Watch video on developing stories in Scratch
- Choose backdrop and characters for story
- Make characters say something using scripts
- Add multiple characters to the story

How can you create interactive stories in Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Video tutorials
- Storyboard templates
- Sample stories
- Character sprites
- Backdrop images

- Practical work - Portfolio - Presentations - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating music
Visual programming - Creating own interactive story

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create music using Scratch
- Use sound blocks effectively
- Show appreciation for digital music creation

- Delete default sprite and choose musical instrument
- Create script to play sound
- Add drum beats using drum sprite
- Create beatbox sounds with microphone sprite

How can you create music in Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Speakers/headphones
- Musical instrument sprites
- Sound library
- Flashcards for planning
- Story templates
- Assessment rubrics

- Practical work - Observation - Audio output quality - Creativity

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating animations
Visual programming - Advanced animations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create simple animations using Scratch
- Make sprites glide and move with arrow keys
- Show interest in animation development

- Choose backdrop and character for animation
- Create script to make character fly
- Create script to move sprite with arrow keys
- Add scenery that moves
- Test and refine animation

How can you create animations in Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Animation examples
- Sprite library
- Tutorial videos
- Complex animation examples
- Debugging guide
- Assessment tools

- Practical work - Observation - Portfolio - Creativity assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Exploring Scratch tutorials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use Scratch tutorials effectively
- Learn independently using tutorials
- Show self-directed learning skills

- Click tutorials button in Scratch
- Select animation project (Animate a Name, Animate a Character)
- Follow step-by-step guide to develop animation
- Complete tutorial animation
- Share animation with classmates

How can tutorials help you learn visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Tutorial guides
- Learning journal

- Practical work - Self-assessment - Portfolio - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Using visual programming in daily life
Visual programming - Assessment project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how visual programming helps solve problems
- Identify applications of visual programming in daily life
- Embrace the use of visual programming

- Study case scenario on using visual programming to solve problems
- Discuss how visual programming helps in daily life
- Identify ways to use visual programming skills
- Create educational games and learning tools

Why is visual programming important in day-to-day life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Case study materials
- Examples of educational games
- Reference materials
- Project planning templates
- Assessment rubrics
- Presentation tools

- Oral questions - Written tests - Discussions - Practical examples

Materials for Production

Wood - Classification according to physical characteristics
Wood - Classification and characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify wood as softwood or hardwood
- Identify physical characteristics of different wood types
- Show interest in learning about wood

- Take a walk around school/community to identify trees
- Observe physical characteristics of each tree
- Use checklist to sort wood as softwood or hardwood
- Use print or digital media to search for types of wood

What are the types of wood available?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Digital devices
- Wood samples
- Checklist
- Pictures of trees
- Comparison chart
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Checklist - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation: Conversion
Wood - Preparation: Conversion methods
Wood - Preparation: Seasoning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of wood conversion
- Describe methods of wood conversion
- Show interest in wood preparation processes

- Distinguish between plain sawing and quarter sawing
- Draw diagrams of conversion methods
- Value different wood preparation techniques

- Visit a sawmill to observe wood conversion process
- Discuss the process of converting logs into timber
- Use print or digital media to search for conversion methods
- Study plain sawing and quarter sawing methods
- Study diagrams of plain sawing method
- Study diagrams of quarter sawing method
- Discuss advantages of each method
- Draw images representing each conversion method

Why are logs converted into timber?
What are the methods of wood conversion?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Digital devices
- Pictures of sawmills
- Diagrams showing conversion methods
- Video clips
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Drawing paper
- Diagrams of conversion
- Wood samples showing different cuts
- Reference materials
- Pictures of air seasoning
- Pictures of kiln
- Digital devices
- Video clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Field notes - Written assignments
- Practical work - Drawings - Oral questions - Written tests

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation: Seasoning methods
Wood - Types and their uses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare natural and artificial seasoning
- Explain why wood needs to be seasoned
- Show understanding of wood preparation

- Discuss advantages of each seasoning method
- Learn how moisture is reduced in timber
- Study differences between air and kiln seasoning
- Visit relevant work environment to observe seasoning

Why is it necessary to season wood?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Comparison chart
- Digital devices
- Pictures of seasoning facilities
- Reference materials
- Pictures of wood products
- Wood samples
- Matching activity cards

- Written tests - Oral questions - Field observation - Charts

Materials for Production

Wood - Uses in various trades

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of wood in construction, furniture making, and other trades
- Create charts matching wood to uses
- Appreciate versatility of wood

- Use print or digital media to find uses of wood in trades
- Visit locality to explore uses of wood
- Discuss wood in construction, furniture, music, sports
- Create photomontage or chart showing uses

How is wood used in different trades?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Pictures from magazines
- Glue and scissors

- Charts/posters - Oral presentations - Written tests - Creativity assessment

Materials for Production

Wood - Importance in daily life
Wood - Review and assessment
Handling waste materials - Waste materials in the environment
Handling waste materials - Types of waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain importance of wood in daily life
- Discuss wood as renewable resource
- Show commitment to environmental conservation

- Identify waste materials found in the environment
- Classify waste materials by type
- Show awareness of waste in locality

- Name wooden items in environment
- Discuss importance of wood (fuel source, building material, decoration)
- Learn about carbon storage in wood
- Discuss sustainable use of wood
- Walk around school compound to identify waste materials
- Study pictures showing different types of waste
- List waste materials observed
- Discuss sources of waste materials

Why is wood important in our daily life?
What waste materials are found in the environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Wooden items
- Digital devices
- Environmental conservation posters
- Reference materials
- Crossword puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Wood samples
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Pictures of waste materials
- Garbage bags
- Gloves
- Digital devices
- Samples of waste materials
- Classification chart
- Pictures

- Oral questions - Written tests - Discussions - Environmental awareness
- Observation - Oral questions - Lists - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Safe ways of handling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe safe ways of handling waste materials
- Explain reusing, recycling and composting
- Show commitment to proper waste handling

- Use print or digital media to search for safe handling methods
- Discuss safe ways of handling waste (reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, burn)
- Study pictures showing waste handling methods
- Read instructions on handling hazardous waste

How should waste materials be handled safely?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing waste handling
- Safety equipment
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussions

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Reusing and recycling
Handling waste materials - Composting, burning and reducing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain reusing waste materials
- Explain recycling waste materials
- Value waste as a resource

- Discuss examples of reusing waste (tins for storage, newspapers for wrapping)
- Discuss examples of recycling (paper to tissue, glass to bottles, iron to steel)
- Study pictures showing reused and recycled items
- Practice sorting waste for recycling

How can waste materials be reused and recycled?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Reusable waste items
- Recycled products
- Sorting bins
- Pictures
- Compost bin
- Pictures of waste disposal
- Digital devices
- Safety equipment

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Project

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Disposing waste safely
Handling waste materials - Need for proper handling
Handling waste materials - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Practice safe disposal of waste materials
- Use appropriate personal protective equipment
- Value cleanliness and environmental health

- Collect waste materials from school compound wearing PPE
- Sort waste appropriately
- Dispose waste properly under teacher guidance
- Wash hands thoroughly after activity

How do you safely dispose of waste materials?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Personal protective equipment (gloves, masks, boots)
- Garbage bags/containers
- Soap and water
- Sorting bins
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing clean environments
- Reference materials
- Community visit notes
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Case study materials
- Waste samples

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Safety compliance