Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Components of Integrated Science

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term Integrated Science
- Identify the three components of Integrated Science
- Show interest in learning about science components

- Brainstorm on the components of Integrated Science in groups
- Use charts to identify Physics, Chemistry and Biology
- Discuss the meaning of Integrated Science
- Draw and label a diagram showing the three components

How does integration help us understand science better?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 1
- Charts showing science components
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Physics as a component
Introduction to Integrated Science - Chemistry as a component

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define Physics
- Give examples of Physics concepts
- Appreciate the role of Physics in daily life

- Discuss the definition of Physics
- Identify Physics concepts from given examples
- Use digital devices to search for Physics applications
- Share findings with classmates

What is the study of Physics all about?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 2
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Laboratory chemicals
- Charts

- Oral questions - Group discussions - Practical activities

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Biology as a component
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in agriculture
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in health
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in transport
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in food and textile

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define Biology
- Give examples of biological concepts
- Appreciate the study of living things

- Explain how science improves healthcare
- Identify medical equipment and medicines
- Value the role of science in disease prevention

- Discuss the definition of Biology
- Identify living things in the school compound
- Classify organisms as plants and animals
- Share findings through group presentations
- Discuss how vaccines and medicines are developed
- Identify scientific instruments used in hospitals
- Role-play visiting a doctor
- Share experiences about medical treatments

Why is the study of living things important?
How does science help keep us healthy?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 2
- Living specimens
- Magnifying glass
- Master Integrated Science pg. 3
- Pictures of farming tools
- School garden
- Master Integrated Science pg. 4
- Pictures of medical equipment
- First aid kit
- Master Integrated Science pg. 5
- Pictures of vehicles
- Internet access
- Food packages
- Fabric samples

- Field observations - Group work assessment - Oral questions
- Role-play assessment - Oral discussions - Written assignments

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in industry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how science helps industries
- Identify industrial processes
- Value environmental conservation in industries

- Study pictures of industries and their products
- Discuss recycling and waste management
- Create models of simple machines
- Present findings on industrial applications

How do industries use science to make products?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 6
- Pictures of industries
- Recycled materials

- Model making - Presentations - Group work

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Career opportunities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify science-related careers
- Explain pathways in STEM education
- Show interest in science careers

- Create a career chart using available materials
- Research science careers using digital devices
- Interview a science professional
- Display career information

What career opportunities does science offer?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 7
- Career magazines
- Digital devices

- Career chart assessment - Interview reports - Presentations

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - STEM pathways
Introduction to Integrated Science - Project work and review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain STEM pathway components
- Identify senior school science options
- Appreciate the importance of STEM education

- Study STEM pathway diagram
- Discuss Pure Sciences, Applied Sciences, and Technical Engineering
- Create a pathway flow chart
- Share findings with peers

How does Integrated Science prepare us for senior school?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 8
- STEM pathway charts
- Manila papers
- Master Integrated Science pg. 9
- Project materials
- Assessment rubrics

- Flow chart creation - Peer discussions - Written assignments

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Defining a laboratory
Laboratory Safety - Common hazards and symbols

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term laboratory
- Identify places where laboratories are found
- Appreciate the importance of laboratories

- Identify common laboratory hazards
- Recognize hazard symbols
- Show concern for laboratory safety

- Visit the school laboratory
- Discuss what a laboratory is used for
- Identify different types of laboratories
- Share experiences about laboratory visits
- Observe hazard symbols on chemical containers
- Draw and name different hazard symbols
- Discuss the meaning of each symbol
- Create a safety symbols chart

What is a laboratory and why is it important?
What do laboratory hazard symbols tell us?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 13
- School laboratory
- Pictures of laboratories
- Master Integrated Science pg. 14
- Chemical containers with labels
- Drawing materials

- Practical observations - Oral questions - Written definitions
- Symbol identification - Chart creation - Practical work

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Flammable substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify flammable substances
- Explain safety measures for flammable materials
- Practice safe handling of such substances

- Identify the flammable symbol
- Discuss substances that catch fire easily
- Practice proper storage methods
- Demonstrate safe handling procedures

How should we handle substances that catch fire easily?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 15
- Flammable substance containers
- Safety equipment

- Practical demonstrations - Safety practice assessment - Oral questions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Toxic substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify toxic substances
- Explain dangers of toxic materials
- Practice safety measures when near toxic substances

- Identify the toxic symbol
- Discuss harmful effects of toxic substances
- Practice using protective equipment
- Demonstrate proper disposal methods

Why are some laboratory substances dangerous to our health?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 15
- Protective equipment
- Toxic substance labels

- Practical demonstrations - Safety assessment - Written tests

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Corrosive substances
Laboratory Safety - Radioactive and carcinogenic substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify corrosive substances
- Explain the effects of corrosive materials
- Practice safe handling of corrosive substances

- Identify the corrosive symbol
- Discuss damage caused by corrosive substances
- Practice emergency procedures
- Demonstrate proper storage

What happens when corrosive substances touch our skin?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 16
- Corrosive warning labels
- Safety equipment
- Radioactive warning labels
- Safety protocols chart

- Emergency procedure practice - Safety demonstrations - Oral assessments

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Causes of laboratory accidents
Laboratory Safety - Burns and scalds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common causes of laboratory accidents
- Explain how accidents occur
- Develop awareness to prevent accidents

- Distinguish between burns and scalds
- Identify causes of burns and scalds
- Practice prevention measures

- Discuss common laboratory accidents
- Analyze case studies of laboratory incidents
- Identify unsafe practices
- Create an accident prevention checklist
- Differentiate between dry heat burns and wet heat scalds
- Identify sources of burns and scalds in the laboratory
- Practice proper handling of hot equipment
- Demonstrate safety procedures

How do accidents happen in the laboratory?
What is the difference between burns and scalds?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 17
- Case study materials
- Accident report forms
- Master Integrated Science pg. 18
- Hot water demonstration setup
- Safety equipment

- Case study analysis - Checklist creation - Group discussions
- Practical demonstrations - Safety procedure assessment - Oral questions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Cuts and injuries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify causes of cuts in the laboratory
- Practice safe handling of glassware
- Demonstrate proper cleanup procedures

- Handle glassware safely
- Practice proper disposal of broken glass
- Demonstrate safe cutting techniques
- Learn emergency response for cuts

How can we prevent cuts when using glassware?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 18
- Glassware samples
- Safety gloves

- Safe handling demonstration - Emergency response practice - Practical assessment

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Ingestion of harmful substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how harmful substances can be ingested
- Practice hygiene measures in the laboratory
- Demonstrate emergency response procedures

- Discuss how chemicals can accidentally enter the body
- Practice proper hand washing techniques
- Learn about eating restrictions in the laboratory
- Demonstrate emergency first aid

Why should we never eat or drink in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 19
- Hand washing stations
- Emergency contact information

- Hygiene practice assessment - Emergency procedure demonstration - Written tests

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - First aid for burns and scalds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate first aid for burns
- Demonstrate first aid for scalds
- Practice emergency response procedures

- Learn the steps for treating burns
- Practice cooling burn injuries
- Demonstrate proper wound covering
- Role-play emergency situations

What should we do immediately when someone gets burned?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 20
- First aid kit
- Cold water supply

- First aid demonstration - Role-play assessment - Practical skills test

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - First aid for cuts
Laboratory Safety - First aid for ingestion emergencies
Laboratory Safety - Importance of safety measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate first aid for cuts
- Practice wound cleaning procedures
- Show competence in bandaging techniques

- Explain why laboratory safety is important
- Value personal and others' safety
- Appreciate the role of safety in learning

- Learn proper wound cleaning methods
- Practice applying pressure to stop bleeding
- Demonstrate bandaging techniques
- Role-play cut injury scenarios
- Discuss benefits of following safety rules
- Analyze consequences of ignoring safety
- Create safety promotion materials
- Present safety importance to younger students

How do we properly treat a cut to prevent infection?
Why is it important to follow safety rules in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 21
- Bandages and gauze
- Antiseptic solution
- Emergency contact numbers
- Poison control information
- Master Integrated Science pg. 22
- Safety promotion materials
- Presentation equipment

- Bandaging skills assessment - First aid demonstration - Practical evaluation
- Safety presentation assessment - Material creation evaluation - Peer teaching assessment

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Basic skills in science

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define basic skills in science
- Identify different science process skills
- Appreciate the importance of scientific skills

- Brainstorm on scientific skills
- Identify skills used in daily activities
- Practice observation and classification
- Discuss the importance of each skill

Why are basic skills important in science?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 25
- Observable objects
- Classification materials

- Skills demonstration - Practical observations - Oral assessments

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Manipulative skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define manipulative skills
- Practice handling laboratory equipment
- Demonstrate safe manipulation techniques

- Handle various laboratory tools
- Practice proper gripping techniques
- Demonstrate equipment care
- Show safe manipulation methods

How do we safely handle laboratory equipment?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 26
- Laboratory equipment
- Safety gloves

- Equipment handling assessment - Safety demonstration - Practical skills evaluation

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Observation skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define observation skills
- Practice using different senses for observation
- Record observations accurately

- Use all senses to observe objects
- Practice detailed observation techniques
- Record observations systematically
- Compare observations with classmates

What can we learn by observing carefully?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 26
- Various objects for observation
- Observation recording sheets

- Observation recording assessment - Accuracy evaluation - Systematic recording check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Measurement skills
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Classification skills
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Prediction and communication skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define measurement skills
- Use appropriate measuring instruments
- Record measurements accurately

- Define prediction and communication skills
- Make reasonable predictions
- Communicate findings effectively

- Practice using rulers and tape measures
- Measure various objects in the classroom
- Record measurements in proper units
- Compare measurement accuracy
- Make predictions about simple experiments
- Test predictions through observation
- Communicate results to classmates
- Practice scientific reporting

How do we measure objects accurately?
How do we share our scientific discoveries?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Rulers and measuring tapes
- Objects to measure
- Various objects for sorting
- Classification charts
- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Simple experiment materials
- Communication aids

- Measurement accuracy assessment - Unit usage evaluation - Recording skills check
- Prediction accuracy assessment - Communication skills evaluation - Scientific reporting check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Heating apparatus identification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify heating apparatus in the laboratory
- Name different heating instruments
- Understand the purpose of each heating device

- Observe different heating apparatus
- Identify Bunsen burners, spirit lamps, and hot plates
- Discuss uses of each heating device
- Create a chart of heating equipment

What equipment do we use for heating in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 28
- Various heating apparatus
- Equipment identification charts

- Equipment identification assessment - Chart creation evaluation - Purpose explanation check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Parts of a Bunsen burner

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify parts of a Bunsen burner
- Explain the function of each part
- Draw a labeled diagram of a Bunsen burner

- Examine a real Bunsen burner
- Identify and label each part
- Discuss the function of each component
- Draw accurate labeled diagrams

What are the different parts of a Bunsen burner?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 30
- Bunsen burner
- Labeling materials

- Diagram labeling assessment - Function explanation evaluation - Drawing accuracy check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Using and caring for heating apparatus

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper use of heating apparatus
- Practice safety measures while heating
- Show proper care and maintenance procedures

- Practice lighting a Bunsen burner safely
- Demonstrate proper flame adjustment
- Practice cleaning and storage procedures
- Follow safety protocols throughout

How do we safely use and care for heating equipment?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 31
- Heating apparatus
- Safety equipment

- Safe usage demonstration - Care procedure assessment - Safety protocol evaluation

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Mass measuring instruments
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Temperature measuring instruments
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Length measuring instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify instruments for measuring mass
- Distinguish between electronic and beam balances
- Practice proper use of weighing instruments

- Identify temperature measuring instruments
- Read thermometers accurately
- Practice proper thermometer handling

- Identify different types of balances
- Practice using electronic balances
- Compare beam balance and electronic balance
- Measure masses of various objects
- Identify different types of thermometers
- Practice reading temperature scales
- Measure temperatures of various substances
- Learn proper thermometer care

What instruments do we use to measure mass?
How do we measure temperature accurately?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 34
- Electronic and beam balances
- Objects for weighing
- Master Integrated Science pg. 36
- Various thermometers
- Substances at different temperatures
- Master Integrated Science pg. 39
- Rulers, calipers, micrometers
- Objects for measurement

- Balance usage assessment - Measurement accuracy evaluation - Comparison skills check
- Reading accuracy assessment - Handling skills evaluation - Care procedure check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Volume and weight measuring

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify volume measuring apparatus
- Use spring balances for weight measurement
- Practice accurate volume and weight measurements

- Use measuring cylinders and pipettes
- Practice with spring balances
- Measure volumes of liquids
- Determine weights of objects

How do we measure volume and weight in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 45
- Volume measuring apparatus
- Spring balances

- Volume measurement assessment - Weight determination evaluation - Apparatus usage check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Magnification tools and SI units

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify magnification instruments
- Use microscopes and hand lenses
- Understand SI units for measurements

- Practice using hand lenses
- Learn microscope parts and functions
- Use microscopes to observe specimens
- Review all SI units covered

How do we see tiny objects and express measurements?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 49
- Microscopes and hand lenses
- SI unit reference charts

- Microscope usage assessment - Magnification skills evaluation - SI unit application check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Practical skills assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate competency in using all apparatus
- Show mastery of safety procedures
- Apply measurement skills accurately

- Complete practical skills stations
- Demonstrate all learned procedures
- Apply safety measures consistently
- Show measurement competency

How well can we use laboratory equipment safely and accurately?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 25-56
- All apparatus covered
- Assessment rubrics

- Comprehensive practical assessment - Skills demonstration evaluation - Safety competency check

Scientific Investigation
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Review and consolidation
Mixtures - Components of Integrated Science as a field of study
Mixtures - Categorising mixtures as homogenous or heterogeneous
Mixtures - Solute, solvent and solution
Mixtures - Identifying solute, solvent and solution in mixtures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review all concepts covered in the strand
- Demonstrate understanding through assessment
- Appreciate the importance of scientific investigation

- Identify mixtures in the environment
- Categorise mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous
- Appreciate the importance of understanding different types of mixtures

- Review all sub-strand topics
- Complete comprehensive assessment
- Reflect on learning achievements
- Plan for future learning
- Take a walk in the school environment to identify mixtures
- Record different types of mixtures observed
- Use a table to categorise mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous

What have we learned about scientific investigation?
What makes a mixture homogeneous or heterogeneous?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 25-56
- Review materials
- Assessment papers
Master Integrated Science pg. 72
- Digital resources
- Internet access
Master Integrated Science pg. 72
- Exercise books
- Environment for observation
Master Integrated Science pg. 74
- Salt and water
- Beakers and stirring rods
- Common salt
- Water
- Beakers
- Stirring rods

- Comprehensive written assessment - Reflection evaluation - Learning progress check
- Practical work - Observation - Checklist

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by evaporation
Mixtures - Separation by crystallisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the evaporation method of separation
- Demonstrate separation of salt solution using evaporation
- Appreciate the importance of evaporation in separation

- Prepare salt solution
- Set up apparatus for evaporation
- Heat the solution until crystals form
- Record observations and discuss results

How does evaporation help in separating mixtures?

Master Integrated Science pg. 76
- Salt, water
- Evaporating dish
- Bunsen burner
- Tripod stand
Master Integrated Science pg. 78
- Salt, distilled water
- Filter paper and funnel

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Simple distillation setup
Mixtures - Separation by simple distillation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify apparatus used in simple distillation
- Set up simple distillation apparatus
- Appreciate the importance of proper apparatus setup

- Identify distillation apparatus
- With teacher guidance, set up distillation apparatus
- Discuss the function of each apparatus
- Practice safety measures

Why is proper setup important in distillation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 80
- Distillation apparatus
- Safety equipment
- Salt solution
- Complete distillation setup
- Thermometer

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Fractional distillation setup
Mixtures - Separation by fractional distillation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify apparatus for fractional distillation
- Explain the function of fractionating column
- Appreciate the complexity of fractional distillation

- Identify fractional distillation apparatus
- Discuss the function of glass beads in fractionating column
- Compare with simple distillation setup

What makes fractional distillation different from simple distillation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 82
- Fractional distillation apparatus
- Digital devices for research
- Water and ethanol mixture
- Complete fractional distillation setup

- Observation - Oral questions - Research presentation

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by sublimation
Mixtures - Separation by solvent extraction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define sublimation and deposition
- Demonstrate separation using sublimation
- Appreciate sublimation as a separation method

- Explain solvent extraction method
- Extract oil from nuts using solvent extraction
- Show interest in extraction processes

- Separate iodine from impurities using sublimation
- Observe purple vapour formation
- Collect pure iodine crystals on cool surfaces
- Discuss other substances that sublime
- Crush groundnuts and add propanone
- Allow mixture to settle and decant solution
- Evaporate solvent to obtain oil
- Test oil properties using filter paper

How does sublimation help in purifying substances?
How are useful substances extracted from natural materials?

Master Integrated Science pg. 84
- Impure iodine
- Evaporating dish
- Filter funnel
- Cotton wool
Master Integrated Science pg. 86
- Groundnuts or seeds
- Propanone
- Mortar and pestle
- Filter paper

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions
- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Observation schedule

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by chromatography

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define paper chromatography
- Demonstrate chromatography technique
- Appreciate chromatography as an analytical tool

- Prepare filter paper strip
- Apply ink spot and dip in propanone
- Observe separation of ink components
- Measure distances travelled by components

How does chromatography separate components of colored mixtures?

Master Integrated Science pg. 88
- Black ink
- Filter paper
- Propanone
- Measuring cylinder

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Extended chromatography activity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply chromatography technique to different materials
- Explain solubility differences in separation
- Show interest in analytical chemistry

- Use different ink samples for chromatography
- Apply radial chromatography technique
- Compare results from different inks
- Discuss solubility and movement patterns

Why do different components move different distances in chromatography?

Master Integrated Science pg. 90
- Various pen inks
- Filter papers
- Propanone
- Droppers

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Checklist

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Applications of separation methods in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of separation methods in industries
- Explain real-life uses of separation techniques
- Appreciate the importance of separation methods in society

- Study images showing industrial applications
- Discuss separation methods used in salt production
- Research applications using digital devices
- Present findings to classmates

How are separation methods applied in industries and daily life?

Master Integrated Science pg. 92
- Digital devices
- Industrial application images
- Reference materials

- Research presentation - Oral questions - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Matching separation methods with applications
Mixtures - Review of separation methods
Mixtures - Assessment and application synthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Match separation methods with appropriate applications
- Explain choice of separation method for specific mixtures
- Show appreciation for scientific problem-solving

- Apply knowledge of separation methods to solve practical problems
- Evaluate effectiveness of different separation techniques
- Show confidence in handling separation challenges

- Complete table matching activities with separation methods
- Discuss why specific methods are used for particular applications
- Analyze real-world separation scenarios
- Solve complex separation problems
- Design separation procedures for given mixtures
- Evaluate and critique separation methods
- Present solutions to separation challenges

Which separation method is most suitable for a given mixture?
How can we design effective separation procedures for complex mixtures?

Master Integrated Science pg. 94
- Activity tables
- Course book
- Reference materials
Master Integrated Science pg. 72-94
- Summary charts
- Previous practical results
Master Integrated Science pg. 72-94
- Problem scenarios
- Assessment materials

- Written assignments - Assessment rubrics - Oral questions
- Assessment rubrics - Practical work - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Introduction to acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define acids and bases
- Identify characteristics of acids and bases
- Show interest in learning about acids and bases

- Brainstorm on acids and bases
- Discuss taste and texture of common substances
- Identify acidic and basic substances in daily life
- Share experiences with sour and bitter substances

What makes substances acidic or basic?

Master Integrated Science pg. 95
- Common household items
- Course book

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Using litmus paper to identify acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use litmus paper to test acids and bases
- Classify household solutions as acids or bases
- Appreciate the use of indicators in identification

- Test various household solutions with red and blue litmus papers
- Record color changes in a table
- Classify solutions as acids or bases
- Discuss results with classmates

How do we use litmus paper to identify acids and bases?

Master Integrated Science pg. 96
- Red and blue litmus papers
- Various household solutions
- Test tubes

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Resource person on plant extract indicators

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the use of plant extracts as indicators
- Identify plants suitable for indicator preparation
- Show appreciation for natural indicators

- Listen to resource person on plant extract indicators
- Ask questions for clarification
- Write notes on key points discussed
- Discuss applications of natural indicators

Why can some plants be used as acid-base indicators?

Master Integrated Science pg. 98
- Resource person
- Note-taking materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Note-taking assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Preparing indicators from plant extracts
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Alternative plant extract preparation
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Testing solutions with plant extract indicators

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare acid-base indicators from plant flowers
- Extract colored substances from plant materials
- Show interest in natural indicator preparation

- Use plant extract indicators to test solutions
- Classify solutions as acidic or basic using natural indicators
- Show appreciation for natural indicator effectiveness

- Collect colored flowers from school environment
- Cut flowers into small pieces
- Crush flowers with ethanol to extract color
- Filter the extract to obtain colored solution
- Test various household solutions with plant extract indicators
- Record color changes observed
- Complete classification table
- Compare results with litmus paper tests

How do we extract useful indicators from plants?
How effective are plant extract indicators compared to litmus paper?

Master Integrated Science pg. 98
- Plant flowers
- Ethanol
- Mortar and pestle
- Filter paper
Master Integrated Science pg. 100
- Red cabbage or beetroot
- Extraction apparatus
Master Integrated Science pg. 100
- Plant extract indicators
- Various household solutions
- Test tubes
- Droppers

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Observation
- Practical work - Observation schedule - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Physical properties of acids
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Physical properties of bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical properties of acids
- Investigate appearance, texture, and smell of acids
- Show safe handling practices with acids

- Observe appearance of lemon juice
- Safely smell acidic solutions by wafting
- Feel texture using gloved hands
- Test with litmus papers
- Record observations in a table

What are the distinctive physical properties of acids?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Lemon juice
- Safety equipment
- Litmus papers
- Test tubes
- Baking powder solution
- Comparison tables

- Practical work - Observation - Safety assessment