Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Types of raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of raised platforms used in performing tasks
- Describe the uses of different raised platforms
- Show interest in learning about raised platforms

- Walk around the school to explore types of raised platforms (ladders, trestles, steps, stands, mobile raised platforms, work benches, ramps)
- Brainstorm on the types of raised platforms used in day-to-day life
- Use print or digital media to search for information on types of raised platforms

What types of raised platforms are used in performing tasks?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Pictures and charts of raised platforms
- Actual raised platforms in school environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Types of raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Risks associated with working on raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how raised platforms help people perform tasks
- Classify raised platforms according to their uses
- Appreciate the role of raised platforms in different environments

- Study pictures showing people using different raised platforms
- Discuss how different types of raised platforms are being used
- Mention how raised platforms are used in the locality
- Visit various areas around school where raised platforms are used

How do raised platforms help people perform tasks safely?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Pictures of people using raised platforms
- Reference books
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 5
- Internet access
- Video clips on platform safety
- Pictures showing accidents
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Safety posters
- Personal protective equipment
- Digital resources
- Raised platforms for demonstration

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the use of personal protective equipment when working on raised platforms
- Apply safety measures when using raised platforms
- Appreciate the need for regular inspection of equipment

- Discuss the use of guardrails, safety nets and personal protection equipment
- Practice using slip-resistant safety wear
- Demonstrate proper inspection of raised platforms before use
- Create safety posters on working at heights

Why is personal protective equipment important when working at heights?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Personal protective equipment (helmets, harnesses, gloves, boots)
- Safety nets
- Guardrails
- Manila paper and markers
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 10
- Pictures showing accidents
- Digital devices
- Manila paper for posters
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Project

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Practical application and assessment
Safety on raised platforms - Review and consolidation
Handling hazardous substances - Hazardous substances found in the environment
Handling hazardous substances - Classification of hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate raised platforms for given tasks
- Apply safety practices when working on raised platforms
- Demonstrate competence in safe use of raised platforms

- Classify hazardous substances into poisonous, flammable and corrosive
- Explain characteristics of each category of hazardous substances
- Appreciate the importance of classifying hazardous substances

- Identify tasks that require use of raised platforms
- Select appropriate raised platforms for specific tasks
- Demonstrate safe use of raised platforms
- Complete word search activity on raised platforms
- Group hazardous substances into poisonous, flammable or corrosive
- Discuss characteristics of each category
- Use a checklist to classify different hazardous substances
- Create a chart showing classification of hazardous substances

How can you safely use raised platforms to perform tasks?
How are hazardous substances classified?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Various raised platforms
- Personal protective equipment
- Task cards
- Assessment rubrics
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Digital devices
- Pictures of hazardous substances
- Video clips
- Samples of labeled hazardous substances
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Classification chart
- Pictures of different hazardous substances
- Manila paper
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Written tests - Self-assessment
- Oral questions - Written tests - Practical work - Observation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Safe ways of handling hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Explain the importance of reading labels and manuals
- Show commitment to safe handling practices

- Use print or digital media to search for information on safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Discuss safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Read and interpret instructions on labels of hazardous substances
- Study product labels with safety instructions

Why are hazardous substances labelled?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Product labels and manuals
- Digital devices
- Samples of labeled products
- Safety posters

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Safe ways of handling hazardous substances
Handling hazardous substances - Handling hazardous substances safely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify safety symbols on product labels
- Interpret hazard statements and precautionary statements
- Apply knowledge of labels when handling hazardous substances

- Study and identify symbols on hazardous substance labels
- Discuss meaning of different safety symbols
- Interpret product labels (product identifier, signal words, hazard statements, precautionary statements)
- Create product labels for given substances

What information is found on product labels?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Various product labels
- Charts showing safety symbols
- Manila paper
- Markers
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 20
- Personal protective equipment
- Sample hazardous substances (properly sealed)
- Digital devices
- Role-play materials

- Written tests - Practical work - Oral questions - Project

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Handling hazardous substances safely
Handling hazardous substances - Importance of observing safety

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain proper storage of hazardous substances
- Describe safe disposal methods for hazardous substances
- Show responsibility when handling hazardous substances

- Explain the importance of observing safety when handling hazardous substances
- Analyse consequences of improper handling
- Embrace safe practices in daily life

- Discuss proper storage of hazardous substances
- Learn about safe disposal methods (reduce, reuse, recycle)
- Visit workplaces to observe storage and disposal practices
- Practice safe handling procedures
- Study pictures showing consequences of improper handling
- Discuss importance of observing safety when handling hazardous substances
- Discuss how proper handling protects people and environment
- Complete word search activity

How should hazardous substances be stored and disposed?
Why is it important to handle hazardous substances safely?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 20
- Storage containers
- Digital devices
- Video clips on disposal methods
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 21
- Pictures showing accidents
- Digital devices
- Word search puzzles
- Assessment tools

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions - Written tests
- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation - Portfolio assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Practical application and assessment
Handling hazardous substances - Review and consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify hazardous substances and their classifications
- Demonstrate safe handling of hazardous substances
- Apply safety measures when handling hazardous substances

- Identify and classify hazardous substances
- Demonstrate safe handling procedures
- Complete assessment activities
- Create safety posters on handling hazardous substances

How can you safely handle hazardous substances in your environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Various hazardous substances (sealed)
- PPE
- Assessment rubrics
- Manila paper
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Digital resources
- Product labels

- Practical work - Written tests - Project - Self-assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Ways of nurturing talents and abilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of nurturing talents and abilities
- Identify personal talents and abilities
- Show interest in developing talents and abilities

- Discuss ways of nurturing talents and abilities
- Display talents and abilities through clubs and societies
- Brainstorm on how talents can be nurtured for business purposes
- Practice personal talents with peers

How are talents and abilities nurtured?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Digital devices
- Charts on talent development
- Reference materials
- Club and society materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical demonstration - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Career pathways in senior school
Self-exploration and career development - Career pathways and career opportunities
Self-exploration and career development - Ethical and unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify career pathways offered in senior school
- Relate talents and abilities to career pathways
- Appreciate the importance of career pathways

- Explain career opportunities related to Pre-Technical Studies
- Match talents and abilities to specific careers
- Show interest in exploring career opportunities

- Use print or digital media to search for career pathways in senior school
- Make a list of talents and abilities and their corresponding career pathways
- Discuss career pathways (Arts and Sports Science, Social Sciences, STEM)
- Study pictures of learners demonstrating talents
- Engage with a resource person on career opportunities
- Discuss career opportunities related to talents in Pre-Technical Studies
- Make presentations on talents and corresponding career opportunities
- Create career opportunity charts

What are the career pathways available in senior school?
Why is self-exploration necessary for career development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Digital devices
- Career pathway charts
- Pictures of various careers
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Resource person
- Career brochures
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Career magazines
- Case study materials
- Reference materials
- Discussion guides

- Oral questions - Written tests - Practical work - Observation
- Observation - Oral questions - Presentations - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Choosing careers based on talents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Choose a career based on talents and abilities
- Explain steps for choosing a career
- Value the importance of matching career to talents

- Study steps for choosing a career
- Assess personal skills and interests
- Choose a career based on personal talents and abilities
- Make presentations on career choices
- Complete crossword puzzle on careers

How can you choose a career based on your talents?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Career assessment tools
- Digital devices
- Crossword puzzles
- Presentation materials
- Career guides

- Presentations - Written tests - Oral questions - Self-assessment - Portfolio

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Review and consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of nurturing talents and career pathways
- Analyse ethical practices in career development
- Make informed career choices based on talents

- Review key concepts on self-exploration and career development
- Complete word search activity on careers
- Discuss personal career choices
- Reflect on learning progress

Why is self-exploration important for career development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Word search puzzles
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Characteristics of oblique drawings
Oblique projection - Sketching given drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the characteristics of oblique drawings
- Identify oblique drawings in technical fields
- Show interest in learning about oblique projection

- Sketch simple objects in oblique projection without instruments
- Follow steps for sketching oblique drawings
- Show interest in sketching oblique drawings

- Use print or digital media to search for characteristics of oblique drawings
- Study examples of oblique drawings
- Brainstorm on characteristics of oblique drawings
- Describe oblique drawings using their characteristics
- Study steps for drawing a cube in oblique projection
- Sketch drawings in oblique projection using squared paper
- Practice sketching without using instruments
- Draw front face and receding lines at 45°

What are the characteristics of oblique drawings?
How are oblique drawings sketched without instruments?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing instruments
- Digital devices
- Examples of oblique drawings
- Charts showing oblique characteristics
- Examples of cabinet and cavalier projections
- Drawing paper
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Pencils (HB, 2H)
- Plain paper
- Examples of oblique sketches

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Practical work
- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching given drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch shaped blocks in oblique projection
- Apply proportionality and neatness in sketching
- Value accuracy in technical drawing

- Follow steps to sketch various shaped blocks
- Practice sketching on squared paper
- Maintain proportionality in sketches
- Join endpoints of receding lines correctly

How can shaped blocks be sketched in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Examples of shaped blocks

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching practice
Oblique projection - Drawing with instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch various drawings in oblique projection
- Demonstrate competence in freehand sketching
- Show creativity in oblique drawing

- Practice sketching given drawings in oblique projection
- Sketch on both squared and plain paper
- Display and compare sketches with classmates
- Receive feedback on sketches

How can you improve your sketching skills?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Sample drawings
- Drawing paper
- 45° set square
- Ruler
- HB and 2H pencils
- Pair of compasses

- Practical work - Peer assessment - Portfolio - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing shaped blocks
Oblique projection - Drawing practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw complex shaped blocks in cabinet projection
- Apply correct measurements and dimensions
- Show attention to detail in technical drawing

- Draw various shaped blocks with cut-outs
- Mark depths accurately using compasses
- Value precision in technical drawing

- Draw front face of shaped block with accurate dimensions
- Draw receding lines at half length for cabinet projection
- Join endpoints correctly to complete the drawing
- Include dimensions on the drawing
- Follow steps to draw shaped blocks with cut-outs
- Use compasses to mark equal depths on receding lines
- Draw horizontal and vertical lines parallel to front face
- Outline completed drawings with HB pencil

How are complex shaped blocks drawn in oblique projection?
How can shaped blocks with cut-outs be drawn accurately?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Geometrical set (45° set square, ruler, compasses)
- HB and 2H pencils
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Pencils (HB, 2H)
- Examples of complex shaped blocks

- Practical work - Observation - Assessment rubrics - Portfolio
- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing practice
Oblique projection - Applications in technical communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw dimensioned oblique drawings
- Apply proper line work techniques
- Show competence in using drawing instruments

- Practice drawing various shaped blocks from given dimensions
- Include all dimensions on completed drawings
- Use correct line weight and quality
- Display completed drawings for feedback

How are dimensions included on oblique drawings?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Drawing board
- Pencils
- Pictures of technical drawings
- Digital devices
- Examples from carpentry and construction
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Peer assessment - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Applications and practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply oblique projection to solve design problems
- Draw objects from observation in oblique projection
- Show creativity in technical drawing

- Sketch building blocks and furniture in oblique projection
- Draw items found in immediate environment
- Practice drawing from different angles
- Present drawings for feedback

How can oblique projection help in design and communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Drawing instruments
- Sample objects
- Digital devices

- Practical work - Portfolio - Presentations - Assessment rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies
Communication in Pre-Technical Studies
Materials for Production

Oblique projection - Assessment and review
Oblique projection - Consolidation
Wood - Classification according to physical characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw shaped blocks in oblique projection accurately
- Apply characteristics of oblique drawings
- Demonstrate competence in technical drawing

- Explain characteristics and applications of oblique projection
- Draw various shaped blocks accurately
- Value the role of oblique projection in technical fields

- Complete practical assessment on oblique projection
- Draw given shaped blocks with accurate dimensions
- Include proper line work and dimensioning
- Reflect on learning progress
- Review key concepts on oblique projection
- Complete assessment activities
- Display portfolio of oblique drawings
- Discuss real-world applications

How well can you draw in oblique projection?
Why is oblique projection important in technical communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Assessment rubrics
- Self-reflection checklist
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Portfolio of drawings
- Assessment tools
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Wood samples
- Checklist
- Pictures of trees

- Practical assessment - Portfolio review - Self-reflection - Written tests
- Written tests - Portfolio assessment - Oral questions - Self-assessment

Materials for Production

Wood - Classification and characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain characteristics of softwood and hardwood
- Give examples of softwood and hardwood trees
- Appreciate the diversity of wood types

- Discuss physical characteristics of softwood (narrow leaves, light bark, evergreen)
- Discuss physical characteristics of hardwood (broad leaves, dark bark, deciduous)
- Give examples of each type
- Create comparison chart

How do softwood and hardwood differ?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Wood samples
- Pictures of trees
- Comparison chart
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Oral questions - Charts - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation: Conversion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of wood conversion
- Describe methods of wood conversion
- Show interest in wood preparation processes

- Visit a sawmill to observe wood conversion process
- Discuss the process of converting logs into timber
- Use print or digital media to search for conversion methods
- Study plain sawing and quarter sawing methods

Why are logs converted into timber?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Digital devices
- Pictures of sawmills
- Diagrams showing conversion methods
- Video clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Field notes - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation: Conversion methods
Wood - Preparation: Seasoning
Wood - Preparation: Seasoning methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between plain sawing and quarter sawing
- Draw diagrams of conversion methods
- Value different wood preparation techniques

- Compare natural and artificial seasoning
- Explain why wood needs to be seasoned
- Show understanding of wood preparation

- Study diagrams of plain sawing method
- Study diagrams of quarter sawing method
- Discuss advantages of each method
- Draw images representing each conversion method
- Discuss advantages of each seasoning method
- Learn how moisture is reduced in timber
- Study differences between air and kiln seasoning
- Visit relevant work environment to observe seasoning

What are the methods of wood conversion?
Why is it necessary to season wood?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Drawing paper
- Diagrams of conversion
- Wood samples showing different cuts
- Reference materials
- Pictures of air seasoning
- Pictures of kiln
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Comparison chart
- Digital devices
- Pictures of seasoning facilities
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Drawings - Oral questions - Written tests
- Written tests - Oral questions - Field observation - Charts

Materials for Production

Wood - Types and their uses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate types of wood to their uses
- Explain uses of wood in different trades
- Value the importance of wood

- Brainstorm on uses of wood in the community
- Match wood types to their uses
- Study pictures showing items made of wood
- Discuss best wood types for different purposes

What are the uses of wood in the community?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Pictures of wood products
- Wood samples
- Matching activity cards
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Matching activity - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Uses in various trades
Wood - Importance in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of wood in construction, furniture making, and other trades
- Create charts matching wood to uses
- Appreciate versatility of wood

- Use print or digital media to find uses of wood in trades
- Visit locality to explore uses of wood
- Discuss wood in construction, furniture, music, sports
- Create photomontage or chart showing uses

How is wood used in different trades?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Pictures from magazines
- Glue and scissors
- Wooden items
- Environmental conservation posters
- Reference materials

- Charts/posters - Oral presentations - Written tests - Creativity assessment

Materials for Production

Wood - Review and assessment
Handling waste materials - Waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify wood and explain preparation methods
- Relate wood types to their uses
- Demonstrate understanding of wood as material

- Identify waste materials found in the environment
- Classify waste materials by type
- Show awareness of waste in locality

- Complete crossword puzzle on wood
- Review key concepts on wood
- Discuss case scenarios on wood selection
- Reflect on learning progress
- Walk around school compound to identify waste materials
- Study pictures showing different types of waste
- List waste materials observed
- Discuss sources of waste materials

How is wood classified, prepared and used?
What waste materials are found in the environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 83
- Crossword puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Wood samples
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Pictures of waste materials
- Garbage bags
- Gloves
- Digital devices

- Written tests - Crossword completion - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Lists - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Types of waste
Handling waste materials - Safe ways of handling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe plastic, wood, glass, metal, electronic and construction waste
- Explain characteristics of each waste type
- Appreciate the need for proper waste management

- Identify waste materials in pictures (plastic, glass, metal, wood, electronic, construction)
- Discuss characteristics of each waste type
- Mention areas where each waste type is found
- Group waste materials by type

What are the types of waste materials?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Samples of waste materials
- Classification chart
- Digital devices
- Pictures
- Pictures showing waste handling
- Safety equipment
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Classification activity - Written tests - Observation

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Reusing and recycling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain reusing waste materials
- Explain recycling waste materials
- Value waste as a resource

- Discuss examples of reusing waste (tins for storage, newspapers for wrapping)
- Discuss examples of recycling (paper to tissue, glass to bottles, iron to steel)
- Study pictures showing reused and recycled items
- Practice sorting waste for recycling

How can waste materials be reused and recycled?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Reusable waste items
- Recycled products
- Sorting bins
- Pictures

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Project

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Composting, burning and reducing
Handling waste materials - Disposing waste safely
Handling waste materials - Need for proper handling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain composting organic waste
- Describe proper burning of waste
- Show understanding of waste reduction

- Practice safe disposal of waste materials
- Use appropriate personal protective equipment
- Value cleanliness and environmental health

- Learn about composting wood and organic waste into fertilizer
- Discuss safe burning of waste at high temperatures
- Discuss reducing waste by using resources efficiently
- Visit locality to observe waste handling practices
- Collect waste materials from school compound wearing PPE
- Sort waste appropriately
- Dispose waste properly under teacher guidance
- Wash hands thoroughly after activity

What are other methods of handling waste?
How do you safely dispose of waste materials?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Compost bin
- Pictures of waste disposal
- Digital devices
- Safety equipment
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Personal protective equipment (gloves, masks, boots)
- Garbage bags/containers
- Soap and water
- Sorting bins
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing clean environments
- Reference materials
- Community visit notes

- Observation - Oral questions - Field notes - Written tests
- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Safety compliance

Materials for Production

Handling waste materials - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and classify waste materials
- Explain safe handling and disposal methods
- Demonstrate proper waste management

- Review key concepts on waste materials
- Complete assessment activities
- Discuss case scenarios on waste management
- Reflect on learning progress

How should waste materials be handled in the environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 93
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Case study materials
- Waste samples

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment

Entrepreneurship

Financial services - Financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify financial institutions available in Kenya
- Give examples of financial institutions
- Show interest in financial services

- Study diagram showing types of financial institutions
- Identify examples of each type
- Name financial institutions in locality
- Use print or digital media to search for information

What are financial institutions?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 160
- Digital devices
- Pictures of banks and SACCOs
- Financial institution brochures
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - List completion

Entrepreneurship

Financial services - Classification of financial institutions
Financial services - Services offered
Financial services - Services by other institutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify financial institutions as banking or non-banking
- Explain differences between classifications
- Appreciate financial sector organization

- Study learner's presentation on classification
- Discuss banking financial institutions
- Discuss non-banking financial institutions
- Complete table describing each classification

How are financial institutions classified in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 160
- Classification chart
- Examples of institutions
- Digital devices
- Comparison table
- Case study materials
- Bank brochures
- Reference materials
- Presentation materials
- Service comparison chart
- Manila paper

- Written tests - Table completion - Oral questions - Discussions