Numbers

Integers - Identifying integers in different situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Identify integers in different situations
-Use integers correctly in daily life
-Show interest in learning about integers

-Identify integers by carrying out activities involving positive and negative numbers and zero
-Make steps forward (positive) and backward (negative) from a reference point
-Mark a reference point on level ground and make five steps from the reference point in both directions

How small are atoms and are they divisible?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 1
-Number line charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Integers - Representing integers on a number line
Integers - Addition of integers on a number line

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Represent integers on a number line
-Interpret positive and negative values correctly
-Appreciate the use of number line in representing integers

-Draw and represent integers on number lines
-Consider moving forward as positive and backward as negative
-Represent given integers on a number line and share with other groups

Where do we use integers in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 1
-Number lines
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 3

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Integers - Subtraction of integers on a number line
Integers - Combined operations of integers on a number line
Integers - Games involving a number line

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Subtract integers using a number line
-Solve problems involving subtraction of integers
-Show interest in using a number line for subtraction of integers

-Perform subtraction operations of integers on a number line
-When subtracting a positive integer, move to the left on the number line
-Solve real-life problems involving subtraction of integers

How can we use a number line to subtract integers?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 4
-Number lines
-Charts showing number lines
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 6
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 7
-Number cards
-Internet access

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Fractions - Combined operations involving addition and subtraction
Fractions - Combined operations involving division and multiplication
Fractions - Combined operations involving brackets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Carry out combined operations involving addition and subtraction of fractions
-Apply combined operations in real-life situations
-Show interest in learning about fractions

-Discuss and use the correct order of operations in fractions
-Work out combined operations involving addition and subtraction
-Add fractions then subtract from the sum

How do we use fractions in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 8
-Fraction models
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 11
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 13

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Fractions - Operations on fractions in real-life situations
Fractions - Using IT devices for learning fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out operations on fractions in real-life situations
-Apply fractions in solving problems
-Appreciate the use of fractions in daily life

-Discuss and carry out operations on fractions from activities such as shopping
-Solve real-life problems involving fractions
-Apply fractions in real-life situations

How do we use fractions in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 14
-Fraction models
-Digital resources
-Internet access

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Fractions - Consolidation and assessment
Decimals - Conversion of fractions to decimals
Decimals - Identifying recurring decimals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve various problems involving fractions
-Apply fractions in real-life situations
-Appreciate the importance of fractions

-Review combined operations on fractions
-Solve a variety of problems involving fractions
-Apply fractions in real-life contexts

How do we use fractions in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 14
-Fraction models
-Assessment tools
-Decimal charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 17

-Written tests -Problem-solving tasks -Self-assessment

Numbers

Decimals - Converting recurring decimals to fractions
Decimals - Rounding off decimal numbers
Decimals - Expressing numbers to significant figures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Convert recurring decimals to fractions
-Apply algebraic methods in conversion
-Value the relationship between fractions and decimals

-Practice converting recurring decimals to fractions
-Use algebraic methods to convert recurring decimals to fractions
-Solve problems involving recurring decimals

How do we convert recurring decimals to fractions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 19
-Conversion charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 20
-Decimal charts
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 21
-Number charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Decimals - Expressing numbers in standard form
Decimals - Combined operations on decimals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Express numbers in standard form
-Apply standard form in scientific notation
-Show interest in learning about standard form

-Write numbers in standard form in learning materials
-Express numbers as a product of a number between 1 and 10, and a power of 10
-Solve problems involving standard form

How do we express numbers in standard form?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 23
-Number charts
-Digital resources
-Decimal charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Decimals - Applications of decimals in real life
Squares and Square Roots - Working out squares from tables
Squares and Square Roots - Squares of numbers greater than ten

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply decimals in real-life situations
-Solve problems involving decimals
-Show interest in using decimals in daily life

-Discuss and apply decimals to real-life cases
-Play games of operations on decimals using IT
-Solve real-world problems involving decimals

How do we use decimals in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 25
-Real-life objects
-Digital resources
-Table of squares
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 29

-Observation -Oral questions -Problem-solving tasks

Numbers

Squares and Square Roots - Working out square roots from tables
Squares and Square Roots - Square roots of numbers greater than 100
Squares and Square Roots - Using a calculator for squares

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out square roots of numbers from tables
-Apply square roots in problem-solving
-Show interest in working with square roots

-Read and write the square roots of numbers from tables
-Use table of square roots to find square roots
-Apply square roots in solving real-life problems

Where do we apply squares and square roots in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 31
-Table of square roots
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 33
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 35
-Calculators

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Squares and Square Roots - Using a calculator for square roots
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Identifying rates

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out square roots of numbers using a calculator
-Apply calculator skills effectively
-Appreciate technology in mathematical calculations

-Practice working out square roots using a calculator
-Compare results from calculator with table values
-Solve real-life problems involving square roots

How do we use calculators to find square roots?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 36
-Calculators
-Digital resources
-Mobile phones (if available)
-Rate charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out rates
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Expressing fractions as ratios
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Comparing two ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out rates in real life situations
-Apply rates in problem-solving
-Value the importance of rates in daily life

-Find cost per unit for various items
-Calculate rates for different quantities
-Solve real-life problems involving rates

How do we calculate rates?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 37
-Rate charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 39
-Fraction models
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 41
-Paper strips

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Comparing three ratios
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Dividing quantities in given ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Compare three ratios in different situations
-Arrange ratios in order of magnitude
-Show interest in comparing multiple ratios

-Write ratios as fractions with common denominators
-Compare numerators to arrange ratios
-Solve problems involving multiple ratios

How do we compare multiple ratios?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 43
-Ratio charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 46
-Concrete objects

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out ratios
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Ratio increase
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Ratio decrease

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out ratios in different situations
-Find the ratio between two quantities
-Show interest in expressing quantities as ratios

-Find the ratio between two given quantities
-Express quantities in simplest ratio form
-Solve problems involving ratios

How do we express quantities as ratios?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 48
-Ratio charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 50
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 51

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Percentage change
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Direct proportion
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out direct proportions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out percentage change of given quantities
-Calculate percentage increase and decrease
-Appreciate percentage change in real-life contexts

-Discuss and determine percentage increase and decrease
-Calculate percentage change using formulas
-Solve real-life problems involving percentage change

How do we calculate percentage change?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 52
-Percentage charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 53
-Proportion charts
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 54

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Indirect proportion
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out indirect proportions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify indirect proportions in real life situations
-Recognize when products of quantities remain constant
-Show interest in inverse relationships

-Use hourglass to show indirect relationships
-Identify when one quantity increases as another decreases
-Create tables of indirectly proportional quantities

How do we identify indirect proportion?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 54
-Hourglass (if available)
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 55
-Proportion charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Integers - Addition of positive integers to positive integers
Integers - Addition of negative integers to negative integers
Integers - Addition of negative to positive integers and subtraction of integers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define integers and identify positive integers
- Add positive integers to positive integers
- Show interest in learning about integers

- Use number cards with positive signs to demonstrate addition of integers
- Draw tables and arrange cards to work out addition
- Discuss real-life scenarios involving addition of positive integers
- Use counters to visualize addition operations

How do we add positive integers in real-life situations?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 1
- Number cards
- Counters with positive signs
- Charts
- Number lines
- Number cards with negative signs
- Thermometers
- Counters
- Digital devices
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Integers - Multiplication and division of integers
Integers - Combined operations on integers and applications
Cubes and Cube Roots - Cubes of numbers by multiplication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the rules for multiplication and division of integers
- Multiply and divide integers accurately
- Appreciate the importance of integer operations

- Draw triangles divided into three parts labeled P and N to show multiplication rules
- Use the same triangle method for division
- Work out problems involving profit and payments
- Watch videos on multiplication and division of integers

What are the rules for multiplying and dividing integers?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 1
- Drawing materials
- Charts showing triangles
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Number cards
- Reference books
- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 12
- Dice or cubes
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Numbers

Cubes and Cube Roots - Cubes of numbers from mathematical tables
Cubes and Cube Roots - Cube roots by factor method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to read mathematical tables for cubes
- Determine cubes of numbers from mathematical tables
- Appreciate the use of mathematical tables

- Study the table of cubes and compare with squares tables
- Locate numbers in rows and columns to read cubes
- Express numbers in the form A × 10ⁿ where needed
- Use the ADD column for more accurate values

How do we use mathematical tables to find cubes of numbers?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 12
- Mathematical tables
- Calculators
- Charts showing sample tables
- Number cards
- Charts
- Factor trees diagrams

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Cubes and Cube Roots - Cube roots from mathematical tables
Cubes and Cube Roots - Using calculators and real-life applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of reading cube roots from tables
- Determine cube roots from mathematical tables
- Appreciate the use of mathematical tables

- Locate numbers in the body of cube tables
- Move horizontally and vertically to find corresponding cube roots
- Express large numbers in the form A × 10ⁿ where n is a multiple of 3
- Use the ADD column for precision

How do we find cube roots using mathematical tables?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 12
- Mathematical tables
- Charts
- Reference books
- Calculators
- Digital devices
- Models of cubes
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Indices and Logarithms - Expressing numbers in index form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define base and index
- Express numbers in index form using prime factors
- Appreciate the use of index notation

- Use factor trees to express numbers as products of prime factors
- Count the number of times each prime factor appears
- Express numbers in the form xⁿ where x is the base and n is the index
- Solve for unknown bases or indices

How do we express numbers in powers?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 24
- Number cards
- Factor tree charts
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Indices and Logarithms - Multiplication and division laws of indices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- State the multiplication and division laws of indices
- Apply the laws to simplify expressions
- Show interest in working with indices

- Use number cards to demonstrate multiplication of indices
- Write numbers in expanded form then in index form
- Discover that when multiplying, indices are added
- Use cards to show that when dividing, indices are subtracted

What are the laws of indices?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 24
- Number cards
- Charts
- Mathematical tables

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Numbers

Indices and Logarithms - Power law and zero indices
Indices and Logarithms - Negative and fractional indices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the power law for indices
- Apply the power law and zero indices to simplify expressions
- Appreciate the patterns in indices

- Work with indices in brackets and multiply the powers
- Use factor method and division law to discover zero indices
- Use calculators to verify that any number to power zero equals 1
- Simplify expressions combining different laws

Why does any number to power zero equal one?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 24
- Calculators
- Charts
- Reference books
- Mathematical tables

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Indices and Logarithms - Applications of laws of indices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify equations involving indices
- Solve equations and simultaneous equations with indices
- Appreciate the importance of indices

- Solve for unknowns by equating indices
- Work out simultaneous equations involving indices
- Discuss real-life applications of indices
- Use IT devices to explore more on indices

How do we use indices to solve equations?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 24
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Mathematical tables
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Indices and Logarithms - Powers of 10 and common logarithms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define common logarithms
- Relate powers of 10 to common logarithms
- Appreciate the relationship between indices and logarithms

- Study the relationship between numbers and their powers of 10
- Understand that the index is the logarithm when base is 10
- Write expressions in logarithm form and vice versa
- Use digital devices to explore logarithms

How do powers of 10 relate to common logarithms?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 24
- Mathematical tables
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Numbers

Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Dividing quantities into proportional parts
Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Dividing quantities into proportional parts (continued)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define proportion and proportional parts
- Divide quantities into proportional parts accurately
- Appreciate fair sharing of resources

- Discuss the concept of proportion and proportional parts
- Calculate total number of proportional parts
- Share quantities in given ratios
- Solve problems involving sharing profits, land, and resources

What are proportions and how do we share quantities fairly?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 33
- Number cards
- Charts
- Reference materials
- Calculators
- Real objects for sharing

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Relating different ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify when ratios are related
- Relate two or more ratios accurately
- Appreciate the connections between ratios

- Draw number lines to show proportional relationships
- Find distances and relate ratios on number lines
- Identify when numbers are in proportion
- Use cross multiplication to solve proportions

How do we determine if ratios are related?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 33
- Number lines
- Drawing materials
- Charts
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Continuous proportion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define continuous proportion
- Determine missing values in continuous proportions
- Show interest in proportional patterns

- Work with four numbers in continuous proportion
- Use the relationship a:b = c:d to solve problems
- Find unknown values in proportional sequences
- Apply continuous proportion to harvest and measurement problems

How do we work with continuous proportions?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 33
- Number cards
- Charts
- Calculators

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Numbers

Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Working out compound proportions using ratio method
Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Compound proportions (continued)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define compound proportion
- Work out compound proportions using the ratio method
- Appreciate proportional relationships

- Measure heights in pictures and compare ratios
- Observe that in compound proportion, quantities change in the same ratio
- Set up and solve proportion equations
- Relate actual measurements to scaled measurements

How do we use ratios to solve compound proportion problems?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 33
- Pictures and photos
- Measuring tools
- Charts
- Rectangles and shapes
- Calculators
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Introduction to rates of work

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define rate of work
- Relate number of workers to time taken
- Appreciate efficient work planning

- Rearrange classroom desks in groups and time the activity
- Compare time taken by different sized groups
- Understand that more workers take less time
- Set up rate of work problems in table format

Why do more workers complete work faster?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 33
- Stopwatch or timer
- Classroom furniture
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Calculating rates of work with two variables

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify increasing and decreasing ratios
- Calculate workers needed for specific time periods
- Show systematic problem-solving skills

- Solve problems involving men and days
- Determine when to use increasing and decreasing ratios
- Calculate additional workers needed
- Practice with work completion scenarios

How do we calculate the number of workers needed to complete work in a given time?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 33
- Charts showing worker-day relationships
- Calculators
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Numbers

Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Rates of work with three variables
Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - More rate of work problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain rate of work with multiple variables
- Apply both increasing and decreasing ratios in one problem
- Show analytical thinking skills

- Set up problems with three variables in table format
- Compare each pair of variables to determine ratio type
- Solve factory, painting, and packing problems
- Multiply ratios to get final answers

How do we solve rate of work problems with multiple variables?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 33
- Charts
- Calculators
- Real-world work scenarios
- Charts showing different scenarios
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Applications of rates of work

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain rates of work in various contexts
- Apply rates of work to land clearing and production
- Show confidence in problem-solving

- Calculate hectares cleared by different numbers of men
- Determine days needed to complete specific work
- Work out production and packing rates
- Discuss efficiency and productivity

How do rates of work help in planning and resource allocation?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 33
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Calculators
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Numbers

Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Using IT and comprehensive applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify IT tools for solving rate problems
- Use IT devices to work on rates of work
- Appreciate the use of compound proportions and rates in real life

- Use digital devices to solve rate problems
- Play creative games on rates and proportions
- Review and consolidate all concepts covered
- Discuss careers involving proportions and rates

How do we use technology to solve compound proportion and rate problems?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 33
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Educational games
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Project work

Algebra

Matrices - Identifying a matrix

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a matrix and identify rows and columns
- Identify matrices in different situations
- Appreciate the organization of items in rows and columns

- Discuss how items are organised on supermarket shelves
- Observe sitting arrangements of learners in the classroom
- Study tables showing football league standings and calendars
- Identify rows and columns in different arrangements

How do we organize items in rows and columns in real life?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 42
- Charts showing matrices
- Calendar samples
- Tables and schedules

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Algebra

Matrices - Determining the order of a matrix
Matrices - Determining the position of items in a matrix

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the order of a matrix
- Determine the order of matrices in different situations
- Appreciate the use of matrix notation

- Study parking lot arrangements to determine rows and columns
- Count rows and columns in given matrices
- Write the order of matrices in the form m × n
- Identify row, column, rectangular and square matrices

What is the order of a matrix?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 42
- Mathematical tables
- Charts showing different matrix types
- Digital devices
- Classroom seating charts
- Calendar samples
- Football league tables

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Algebra

Matrices - Position of items and equal matrices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify corresponding elements in equal matrices
- Determine values of unknowns in equal matrices
- Appreciate the concept of matrix equality

- Compare elements in matrices with same positions
- Find values of letters in equal matrices
- Study egg trays and other matrix arrangements
- Work out values by equating corresponding elements

How do we compare elements in different matrices?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 42
- Number cards
- Matrix charts
- Real objects arranged in matrices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Algebra

Matrices - Determining compatibility for addition and subtraction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define compatible matrices
- Determine compatibility of matrices for addition and subtraction
- Show understanding of matrix order requirements

- Study classroom stream arrangements with same sitting positions
- Compare orders of different matrices
- Identify matrices that can be added or subtracted
- Determine which matrices have the same order

When can we add or subtract matrices?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 42
- Charts showing matrix orders
- Classroom arrangement diagrams
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Algebra

Matrices - Addition of matrices
Matrices - Subtraction of matrices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of adding matrices
- Add compatible matrices accurately
- Show systematic approach to matrix addition

- Identify elements in corresponding positions
- Add matrices by adding corresponding elements
- Work out matrix addition problems
- Verify that resultant matrix has same order as original matrices

How do we add matrices?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 42
- Number cards with matrices
- Charts
- Calculators
- Number cards
- Matrix charts
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Algebra

Matrices - Combined operations and applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify combined operations on matrices
- Perform combined addition and subtraction of matrices
- Appreciate applications of matrices in real life

- Work out expressions like A + B - C and A - (B + C)
- Apply matrices to basketball scores, shop sales, and stock records
- Solve real-life problems using matrix operations
- Visit supermarkets to observe item arrangements

How do we use matrices to solve real-life problems?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 42
- Digital devices
- Real-world data tables
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Project work

Algebra

Equations of a Straight Line - Identifying the gradient in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define gradient and slope
- Identify gradients in real-life situations
- Appreciate the concept of steepness

- Search for the meaning of gradient using digital devices
- Identify slopes in pictures of hills, roofs, stairs, and ramps
- Discuss steepness in different structures
- Observe slopes in the immediate environment

What is a gradient and where do we see it in real life?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 57
- Pictures showing slopes
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Algebra

Equations of a Straight Line - Gradient as ratio of rise to run
Equations of a Straight Line - Determining gradient from two known points

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define rise and run in relation to gradient
- Calculate gradient as ratio of vertical to horizontal distance
- Show understanding of positive and negative gradients

- Identify vertical distance (rise) and horizontal distance (run)
- Work out gradient using the formula gradient = rise/run
- Use adjustable ladders to demonstrate different gradients
- Complete tables showing different ladder positions

How do we calculate the slope or gradient?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 57
- Ladders or models
- Measuring tools
- Charts
- Reference books
- Graph paper
- Rulers
- Plotting tools
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Algebra

Equations of a Straight Line - Types of gradients

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the four types of gradients
- Distinguish between positive, negative, zero and undefined gradients
- Show interest in gradient patterns

- Study lines with positive gradients (rising from left to right)
- Study lines with negative gradients (falling from left to right)
- Identify horizontal lines with zero gradient
- Identify vertical lines with undefined gradient

What are the different types of gradients?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 57
- Graph paper
- Charts showing gradient types
- Digital devices
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Algebra

Equations of a Straight Line - Equation given two points

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the steps to find equation from two points
- Determine the equation of a line given two points
- Show systematic approach to problem solving

- Calculate gradient using two given points
- Use a general point (x, y) with one of the given points
- Equate the two gradient expressions
- Simplify to get the equation of the line

How do we find the equation of a line from two points?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 57
- Graph paper
- Number cards
- Charts
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Algebra

Equations of a Straight Line - More practice on equations from two points
Equations of a Straight Line - Equation from a point and gradient

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the steps in finding equations from coordinates
- Work out equations of lines passing through two points
- Appreciate the application to geometric shapes

- Find equations of lines through various point pairs
- Determine equations of sides of triangles and parallelograms
- Practice with different types of coordinate pairs
- Verify equations by substitution

How do we apply equations of lines to geometric shapes?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 57
- Graph paper
- Plotting tools
- Geometric shapes
- Calculators
- Number cards
- Charts
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Algebra

Equations of a Straight Line - Applications of point-gradient method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify problems involving point and gradient
- Apply the point-gradient method to various situations
- Appreciate practical applications of linear equations

- Work out equations of lines with different gradients and points
- Solve problems involving edges of squares and sides of triangles
- Find unknown coordinates using equations
- Determine missing values in linear relationships

How do we use point-gradient method in different situations?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 57
- Graph paper
- Calculators
- Geometric shapes
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Algebra

Equations of a Straight Line - Expressing in the form y = mx + c

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the standard form y = mx + c
- Express linear equations in the form y = mx + c
- Show understanding of equation transformation

- Identify the term with y in given equations
- Take all other terms to the right hand side
- Divide by the coefficient of y to make it equal to 1
- Rewrite equations in standard form

How do we write equations in the form y = mx + c?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 57
- Number cards
- Charts
- Calculators
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Algebra

Equations of a Straight Line - More practice on y = mx + c form
Equations of a Straight Line - Interpreting y = mx + c

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify equations that need conversion
- Convert various equations to y = mx + c form
- Appreciate the standard form of linear equations

- Express equations from two points in y = mx + c form
- Express equations from point and gradient in y = mx + c form
- Practice with different types of linear equations
- Verify transformed equations

How do we apply the y = mx + c form to different equations?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 57
- Graph paper
- Calculators
- Charts
- Reference books
- Plotting tools
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Algebra

Equations of a Straight Line - Finding gradient and y-intercept from equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify m and c from equations in standard form
- Determine gradient and y-intercept from various equations
- Appreciate the relationship between equation and graph

- Complete tables showing equations, gradients, and y-intercepts
- Extract m and c values from equations
- Convert equations to y = mx + c form first if needed
- Verify values by graphing

How do we read gradient and y-intercept from equations?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 57
- Charts with tables
- Calculators
- Graph paper
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Algebra

Equations of a Straight Line - Determining x-intercepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define x-intercept of a line
- Determine x-intercepts from equations
- Show understanding that y = 0 at x-intercept

- Observe where lines cross the x-axis on graphs
- Note that y-coordinate is 0 at x-intercept
- Substitute y = 0 in equations to find x-intercept
- Work out x-intercepts from various equations

What is the x-intercept and how do we find it?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 57
- Graph paper
- Plotting tools
- Charts
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Algebra

Equations of a Straight Line - Determining y-intercepts
Equations of a Straight Line - Finding equations from intercepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define y-intercept of a line
- Determine y-intercepts from equations
- Show understanding that x = 0 at y-intercept

- Observe where lines cross the y-axis on graphs
- Note that x-coordinate is 0 at y-intercept
- Substitute x = 0 in equations to find y-intercept
- Work out y-intercepts from various equations

What is the y-intercept and how do we find it?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 57
- Graph paper
- Plotting tools
- Charts
- Calculators
- Number cards
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Algebra

Linear Inequalities - Solving linear inequalities in one unknown

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define linear inequality in one unknown
- Solve linear inequalities involving addition and subtraction
- Show understanding of inequality symbols

- Discuss inequality statements and their meanings
- Substitute integers to test inequality truth
- Solve inequalities by isolating the unknown
- Verify solutions by substitution

How do we solve inequalities with one unknown?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 72
- Number cards
- Number lines
- Charts
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Algebra

Linear Inequalities - Multiplication and division by negative numbers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the effect of multiplying/dividing by negative numbers
- Solve inequalities involving multiplication and division
- Appreciate that inequality sign reverses with negative operations

- Solve inequalities and test with integer substitution
- Observe that inequality sign reverses when multiplying/dividing by negative
- Compare solutions with and without sign reversal
- Work out various inequality problems

What happens to the inequality sign when we multiply or divide by a negative number?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 72
- Number lines
- Number cards
- Charts
- Calculators

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Algebra

Linear Inequalities - Graphical representation in one unknown
Linear Inequalities - Linear inequalities in two unknowns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to represent inequalities graphically
- Represent linear inequalities in one unknown on graphs
- Show understanding of continuous and dotted lines

- Change inequality to equation by replacing inequality sign
- Draw boundary line (continuous for ≤ or ≥, dotted for < or >)
- Choose test points to identify wanted and unwanted regions
- Shade the unwanted region

How do we represent inequalities on a graph?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 72
- Graph paper
- Rulers
- Plotting tools
- Charts
- Tables for values
- Calculators

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Algebra

Linear Inequalities - Graphical representation in two unknowns
Linear Inequalities - Applications to real-life situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the steps for graphing two-variable inequalities
- Represent linear inequalities in two unknowns graphically
- Show accuracy in identifying solution regions

- Draw graphs for inequalities like 3x + 5y ≤ 15
- Use continuous or dotted lines appropriately
- Select test points to verify wanted region
- Shade unwanted regions correctly

How do we represent two-variable inequalities on graphs?

- Master Mathematics Grade 9 pg. 72
- Graph paper
- Rulers and plotting tools
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Real-world scenarios
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests