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SCHEME OF WORK
Pre Tech Studies
Grade 9 2026
TERM II
School


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WK LSN STRAND SUB-STRAND LESSON LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING EXPERIENCES KEY INQUIRY QUESTIONS LEARNING RESOURCES ASSESSMENT METHODS REFLECTION
2 1
Materials for Production
Wood - Types of wood
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of wood used in the locality
- Describe physical characteristics of softwood and hardwood
- Show interest in learning about wood
- Use print or digital media to search for information on types of wood
- Discuss the physical characteristics of wood (soft and hard wood)
- Observe various items made of softwood and hardwood
What are the physical differences between softwood and hardwood?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 72
- Digital devices
- Samples of hardwood and softwood
- Charts showing various types of wood
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
2 2
Materials for Production
Wood - Types of wood
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of wood used in the locality
- Describe physical characteristics of softwood and hardwood
- Show interest in learning about wood
- Use print or digital media to search for information on types of wood
- Discuss the physical characteristics of wood (soft and hard wood)
- Observe various items made of softwood and hardwood
What are the physical differences between softwood and hardwood?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 72
- Digital devices
- Samples of hardwood and softwood
- Charts showing various types of wood
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
2 3
Materials for Production
Wood - Classification of wood
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify wood according to physical characteristics
- Use a checklist to sort wood as either softwood or hardwood
- Appreciate the differences between hardwood and softwood
- Use a checklist to sort wood as either softwood or hardwood
- Study photographs showing various types of wood
- Complete a table comparing physical characteristics of wood
How can we classify wood based on its physical characteristics?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 72
- Various pieces of wood
- Checklists
- Photos of hardwood and softwood
- Practical work - Observation - Written tests
2 4
Materials for Production
Wood - Classification of wood
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify wood according to physical characteristics
- Use a checklist to sort wood as either softwood or hardwood
- Appreciate the differences between hardwood and softwood
- Use a checklist to sort wood as either softwood or hardwood
- Study photographs showing various types of wood
- Complete a table comparing physical characteristics of wood
How can we classify wood based on its physical characteristics?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 72
- Various pieces of wood
- Checklists
- Photos of hardwood and softwood
- Practical work - Observation - Written tests
3 1
Materials for Production
Wood - Density and grain patterns
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of density in wood
- Describe grain patterns in different types of wood
- Value the unique characteristics of different wood types
- Discuss density and hardness differences between softwood and hardwood
- Examine grain patterns in various wood samples
- Compare texture of different wood types
Why do hardwoods and softwoods have different grain patterns?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 72
- Wood samples with visible grain
- Magnifying glasses
- Reference books
- Observation - Oral questions - Practical work
3 2
Materials for Production
Wood - Density and grain patterns
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of density in wood
- Describe grain patterns in different types of wood
- Value the unique characteristics of different wood types
- Discuss density and hardness differences between softwood and hardwood
- Examine grain patterns in various wood samples
- Compare texture of different wood types
Why do hardwoods and softwoods have different grain patterns?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 72
- Wood samples with visible grain
- Magnifying glasses
- Reference books
- Observation - Oral questions - Practical work
3 3
Materials for Production
Wood - Wood preparation: Conversion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of wood conversion
- Describe how wood is converted into timber using sawmills
- Recognize the importance of wood preparation
- Discuss the process of converting wood into timber
- Use print or digital media to search for information on conversion methods
- Watch videos on sawmill operations
How is wood converted from logs into usable timber?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 74
- Digital devices
- Video clips on sawmills
- Pictures of timber conversion
- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation
3 4
Materials for Production
Wood - Wood preparation: Conversion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of wood conversion
- Describe how wood is converted into timber using sawmills
- Recognize the importance of wood preparation
- Discuss the process of converting wood into timber
- Use print or digital media to search for information on conversion methods
- Watch videos on sawmill operations
How is wood converted from logs into usable timber?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 74
- Digital devices
- Video clips on sawmills
- Pictures of timber conversion
- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation
4 1
Materials for Production
Wood - Wood preparation: Seasoning
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define seasoning of wood
- Describe methods of seasoning wood (air drying and kiln drying)
- Explain why seasoning is important
- Discuss safe ways of preparing wood for use
- Compare air drying and kiln drying methods
- Examine the effects of moisture in wood
Why must wood be seasoned before use?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 75
- Digital resources
- Charts on wood seasoning
- Samples of seasoned wood
- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation
4 2
Materials for Production
Wood - Wood preparation: Seasoning
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define seasoning of wood
- Describe methods of seasoning wood (air drying and kiln drying)
- Explain why seasoning is important
- Discuss safe ways of preparing wood for use
- Compare air drying and kiln drying methods
- Examine the effects of moisture in wood
Why must wood be seasoned before use?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 75
- Digital resources
- Charts on wood seasoning
- Samples of seasoned wood
- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation
4 3
Materials for Production
Wood - Uses of hardwood
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of hardwood in different trades
- Relate properties of hardwood to its uses
- Appreciate the value of hardwood in day-to-day life
- Discuss uses of hardwood (furniture, flooring, kitchen cabinets)
- Observe wooden items in the classroom and school
- Develop charts to match types of wood to their uses
What are the common uses of hardwood in our locality?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 76
- Hardwood samples
- Furniture items
- Charts and pictures
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
4 4
Materials for Production
Wood - Uses of softwood
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of softwood in different industries
- Explain why softwood is suitable for construction
- Show appreciation for the versatility of softwood
- Brainstorm on the uses of softwood in different trades
- Visit the locality to explore the uses of wood
- Discuss uses in construction, paper making, and packaging
How is softwood used differently from hardwood?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 77
- Softwood samples
- Construction materials
- Digital resources
- Internet access
- Observation - Practical work - Written tests
5 1
Materials for Production
Wood - Importance of wood in day-to-day life
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of wood in various sectors
- Discuss uses of wood in agriculture, carpentry, and culinary arts
- Value the role of wood in society
- Brainstorm on the importance of wood in daily life
- Discuss uses in construction, agriculture, and decoration
- Present findings on wood's contribution to different industries
Why is wood considered an essential raw material?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 78
- Reference books
- Digital devices
- Charts showing wood uses
- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation
5 2
Materials for Production
Wood - Importance of wood in day-to-day life
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of wood in various sectors
- Discuss uses of wood in agriculture, carpentry, and culinary arts
- Value the role of wood in society
- Brainstorm on the importance of wood in daily life
- Discuss uses in construction, agriculture, and decoration
- Present findings on wood's contribution to different industries
Why is wood considered an essential raw material?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 78
- Reference books
- Digital devices
- Charts showing wood uses
- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation
5 3
Materials for Production
Wood - Importance of wood in day-to-day life
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of wood in various sectors
- Discuss uses of wood in agriculture, carpentry, and culinary arts
- Value the role of wood in society
- Brainstorm on the importance of wood in daily life
- Discuss uses in construction, agriculture, and decoration
- Present findings on wood's contribution to different industries
Why is wood considered an essential raw material?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 78
- Reference books
- Digital devices
- Charts showing wood uses
- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation
5 4
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Types of waste materials
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify waste materials found in the environment
- Categorize waste materials by type (plastic, glass, metal, paper)
- Show awareness of waste in the environment
- Walk around the school compound to identify waste materials
- Study photographs showing various types of waste
- Discuss types of waste found in home and school
What types of waste materials are found in our environment?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 82
- Charts showing waste types
- Gloves and masks
- Waste bins
- Observation - Oral questions - Checklist
6 1
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Electronic and construction waste
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify electronic waste and construction waste
- Explain sources of different waste types
- Appreciate the need to properly identify waste
- Identify electronic waste (computers, phones, appliances)
- Discuss construction waste materials
- Visit places around school to identify various types of waste
How do we distinguish between different categories of waste?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 83
- Pictures of electronic waste
- Construction waste samples
- Digital resources
- Observation - Written tests - Oral questions
6 2
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Safe handling methods: Composting
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the composting process
- Identify organic waste suitable for composting
- Demonstrate composting techniques
- Use print or digital media to search for information on composting
- Discuss how to convert organic waste into manure
- Practice piling organic waste for composting
What is composting and why is it important?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 84
- Organic waste materials
- Compost pit
- Digital devices
- Gloves and masks
- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions
6 3
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Safe handling methods: Composting
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the composting process
- Identify organic waste suitable for composting
- Demonstrate composting techniques
- Use print or digital media to search for information on composting
- Discuss how to convert organic waste into manure
- Practice piling organic waste for composting
What is composting and why is it important?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 84
- Organic waste materials
- Compost pit
- Digital devices
- Gloves and masks
- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions
6 4
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Safe handling methods: Composting
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the composting process
- Identify organic waste suitable for composting
- Demonstrate composting techniques
- Use print or digital media to search for information on composting
- Discuss how to convert organic waste into manure
- Practice piling organic waste for composting
What is composting and why is it important?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 84
- Organic waste materials
- Compost pit
- Digital devices
- Gloves and masks
- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions
7 1
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Safe handling methods: The 3Rs
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the 3Rs of waste management (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
- Apply the 3Rs in handling waste materials
- Develop responsible waste management habits
- Discuss safe ways of handling waste materials
- Practice reducing, reusing, and recycling waste
- Search for information on the 3Rs using digital resources
How can we apply the 3Rs to manage waste effectively?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 85
- Recyclable materials
- Charts on 3Rs
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Written tests - Observation - Practical work
7 2
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Incineration and landfills
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the incineration process
- Explain how landfills are used for waste disposal
- Understand safety considerations in these methods
- Discuss safe ways of handling waste through controlled burning
- Learn about landfill design and use
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of different methods
When should incineration or landfills be used for waste disposal?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 84
- Pictures of incinerators
- Digital resources
- Charts on waste disposal
- PPEs
- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation
7 3
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Incineration and landfills
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the incineration process
- Explain how landfills are used for waste disposal
- Understand safety considerations in these methods
- Discuss safe ways of handling waste through controlled burning
- Learn about landfill design and use
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of different methods
When should incineration or landfills be used for waste disposal?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 84
- Pictures of incinerators
- Digital resources
- Charts on waste disposal
- PPEs
- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation
7 4
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Incineration and landfills
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the incineration process
- Explain how landfills are used for waste disposal
- Understand safety considerations in these methods
- Discuss safe ways of handling waste through controlled burning
- Learn about landfill design and use
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of different methods
When should incineration or landfills be used for waste disposal?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 84
- Pictures of incinerators
- Digital resources
- Charts on waste disposal
- PPEs
- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation
8 1
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Bio-digestion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the bio-digestion process
- Identify organic materials suitable for bio-digestion
- Appreciate bio-digestion as a sustainable waste solution
- Discuss anaerobic digestion process
- Learn about biogas production
- Visit or observe a biodigester in operation
How does bio-digestion convert waste into useful products?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 85
- Pictures of biodigesters
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests
8 2
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Bio-digestion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the bio-digestion process
- Identify organic materials suitable for bio-digestion
- Appreciate bio-digestion as a sustainable waste solution
- Discuss anaerobic digestion process
- Learn about biogas production
- Visit or observe a biodigester in operation
How does bio-digestion convert waste into useful products?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 85
- Pictures of biodigesters
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests
8 3
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Bio-digestion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the bio-digestion process
- Identify organic materials suitable for bio-digestion
- Appreciate bio-digestion as a sustainable waste solution
- Discuss anaerobic digestion process
- Learn about biogas production
- Visit or observe a biodigester in operation
How does bio-digestion convert waste into useful products?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 85
- Pictures of biodigesters
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests
8 4
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Bio-digestion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the bio-digestion process
- Identify organic materials suitable for bio-digestion
- Appreciate bio-digestion as a sustainable waste solution
- Discuss anaerobic digestion process
- Learn about biogas production
- Visit or observe a biodigester in operation
How does bio-digestion convert waste into useful products?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 85
- Pictures of biodigesters
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests
9 1
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Recycling waste materials
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect recyclable materials from the locality
- Make items from recycled waste materials
- Show creativity in recycling projects
- Collect recyclable waste materials with proper PPEs
- Brainstorm on items to make using waste materials
- Make items such as spirit lamps or flower vases
What useful items can we create from waste materials?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 86
- Recyclable materials
- Tools for making items
- Gloves and aprons
- Waste bins
- Practical work - Project - Observation
9 2
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Recycling waste materials
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect recyclable materials from the locality
- Make items from recycled waste materials
- Show creativity in recycling projects
- Collect recyclable waste materials with proper PPEs
- Brainstorm on items to make using waste materials
- Make items such as spirit lamps or flower vases
What useful items can we create from waste materials?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 86
- Recyclable materials
- Tools for making items
- Gloves and aprons
- Waste bins
- Practical work - Project - Observation
9 3
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Recycling waste materials
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect recyclable materials from the locality
- Make items from recycled waste materials
- Show creativity in recycling projects
- Collect recyclable waste materials with proper PPEs
- Brainstorm on items to make using waste materials
- Make items such as spirit lamps or flower vases
What useful items can we create from waste materials?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 86
- Recyclable materials
- Tools for making items
- Gloves and aprons
- Waste bins
- Practical work - Project - Observation
9 4
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Recycling waste materials
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect recyclable materials from the locality
- Make items from recycled waste materials
- Show creativity in recycling projects
- Collect recyclable waste materials with proper PPEs
- Brainstorm on items to make using waste materials
- Make items such as spirit lamps or flower vases
What useful items can we create from waste materials?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 86
- Recyclable materials
- Tools for making items
- Gloves and aprons
- Waste bins
- Practical work - Project - Observation
10 1
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Importance of proper waste management
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of proper waste management
- Dispose waste materials using appropriate methods
- Demonstrate commitment to environmental conservation
- Practice safe disposal of waste materials (reduce, reuse, recycle, compost and burn)
- Visit the locality to observe handling of waste materials
- Discuss the importance of observing safety when handling waste
Why is proper waste management important in our community?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 88
- Well-labelled dustbins
- PPEs
- Mop and bucket
- Digital resources
- Observation - Practical work - Rubrics
10 2
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Importance of proper waste management
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of proper waste management
- Dispose waste materials using appropriate methods
- Demonstrate commitment to environmental conservation
- Practice safe disposal of waste materials (reduce, reuse, recycle, compost and burn)
- Visit the locality to observe handling of waste materials
- Discuss the importance of observing safety when handling waste
Why is proper waste management important in our community?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 88
- Well-labelled dustbins
- PPEs
- Mop and bucket
- Digital resources
- Observation - Practical work - Rubrics
10 3
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Importance of proper waste management
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of proper waste management
- Dispose waste materials using appropriate methods
- Demonstrate commitment to environmental conservation
- Practice safe disposal of waste materials (reduce, reuse, recycle, compost and burn)
- Visit the locality to observe handling of waste materials
- Discuss the importance of observing safety when handling waste
Why is proper waste management important in our community?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 88
- Well-labelled dustbins
- PPEs
- Mop and bucket
- Digital resources
- Observation - Practical work - Rubrics
10 4
Materials for Production
Handling Waste Materials - Importance of proper waste management
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of proper waste management
- Dispose waste materials using appropriate methods
- Demonstrate commitment to environmental conservation
- Practice safe disposal of waste materials (reduce, reuse, recycle, compost and burn)
- Visit the locality to observe handling of waste materials
- Discuss the importance of observing safety when handling waste
Why is proper waste management important in our community?
- Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today Gr. 9 pg. 88
- Well-labelled dustbins
- PPEs
- Mop and bucket
- Digital resources
- Observation - Practical work - Rubrics

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