Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Components of Integrated Science

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term Integrated Science
- Identify the three components of Integrated Science
- Show interest in learning about science components

- Brainstorm on the components of Integrated Science in groups
- Use charts to identify Physics, Chemistry and Biology
- Discuss the meaning of Integrated Science
- Draw and label a diagram showing the three components

How does integration help us understand science better?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 1
- Charts showing science components
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Physics as a component
Introduction to Integrated Science - Chemistry as a component
Introduction to Integrated Science - Biology as a component
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in agriculture

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define Physics
- Give examples of Physics concepts
- Appreciate the role of Physics in daily life

- Define Biology
- Give examples of biological concepts
- Appreciate the study of living things

- Discuss the definition of Physics
- Identify Physics concepts from given examples
- Use digital devices to search for Physics applications
- Share findings with classmates
- Discuss the definition of Biology
- Identify living things in the school compound
- Classify organisms as plants and animals
- Share findings through group presentations

What is the study of Physics all about?
Why is the study of living things important?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 2
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Laboratory chemicals
- Charts
- Master Integrated Science pg. 2
- Living specimens
- Magnifying glass
- Master Integrated Science pg. 3
- Pictures of farming tools
- School garden

- Oral questions - Group discussions - Practical activities
- Field observations - Group work assessment - Oral questions

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in health
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in transport
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in food and textile

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how science improves healthcare
- Identify medical equipment and medicines
- Value the role of science in disease prevention

- Discuss how vaccines and medicines are developed
- Identify scientific instruments used in hospitals
- Role-play visiting a doctor
- Share experiences about medical treatments

How does science help keep us healthy?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 4
- Pictures of medical equipment
- First aid kit
- Master Integrated Science pg. 5
- Pictures of vehicles
- Internet access
- Food packages
- Fabric samples

- Role-play assessment - Oral discussions - Written assignments

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in industry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how science helps industries
- Identify industrial processes
- Value environmental conservation in industries

- Study pictures of industries and their products
- Discuss recycling and waste management
- Create models of simple machines
- Present findings on industrial applications

How do industries use science to make products?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 6
- Pictures of industries
- Recycled materials

- Model making - Presentations - Group work

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Career opportunities
Introduction to Integrated Science - STEM pathways

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify science-related careers
- Explain pathways in STEM education
- Show interest in science careers

- Create a career chart using available materials
- Research science careers using digital devices
- Interview a science professional
- Display career information

What career opportunities does science offer?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 7
- Career magazines
- Digital devices
- Master Integrated Science pg. 8
- STEM pathway charts
- Manila papers

- Career chart assessment - Interview reports - Presentations

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Project work and review
Laboratory Safety - Defining a laboratory

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a comprehensive career chart
- Present science importance findings
- Demonstrate understanding of Integrated Science

- Define the term laboratory
- Identify places where laboratories are found
- Appreciate the importance of laboratories

- Complete the career chart project
- Present projects to classmates
- Review all topics covered
- Conduct peer assessment
- Visit the school laboratory
- Discuss what a laboratory is used for
- Identify different types of laboratories
- Share experiences about laboratory visits

What have we learned about Integrated Science?
What is a laboratory and why is it important?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 9
- Project materials
- Assessment rubrics
- Master Integrated Science pg. 13
- School laboratory
- Pictures of laboratories

- Project assessment - Peer evaluation - Self-assessment
- Practical observations - Oral questions - Written definitions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Common hazards and symbols

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common laboratory hazards
- Recognize hazard symbols
- Show concern for laboratory safety

- Observe hazard symbols on chemical containers
- Draw and name different hazard symbols
- Discuss the meaning of each symbol
- Create a safety symbols chart

What do laboratory hazard symbols tell us?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 14
- Chemical containers with labels
- Drawing materials

- Symbol identification - Chart creation - Practical work

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Flammable substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify flammable substances
- Explain safety measures for flammable materials
- Practice safe handling of such substances

- Identify the flammable symbol
- Discuss substances that catch fire easily
- Practice proper storage methods
- Demonstrate safe handling procedures

How should we handle substances that catch fire easily?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 15
- Flammable substance containers
- Safety equipment

- Practical demonstrations - Safety practice assessment - Oral questions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Toxic substances
Laboratory Safety - Corrosive substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify toxic substances
- Explain dangers of toxic materials
- Practice safety measures when near toxic substances

- Identify the toxic symbol
- Discuss harmful effects of toxic substances
- Practice using protective equipment
- Demonstrate proper disposal methods

Why are some laboratory substances dangerous to our health?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 15
- Protective equipment
- Toxic substance labels
- Master Integrated Science pg. 16
- Corrosive warning labels
- Safety equipment

- Practical demonstrations - Safety assessment - Written tests

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Radioactive and carcinogenic substances
Laboratory Safety - Causes of laboratory accidents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify radioactive and carcinogenic symbols
- Explain the dangers of radiation and cancer-causing substances
- Appreciate the need for extreme caution

- Identify common causes of laboratory accidents
- Explain how accidents occur
- Develop awareness to prevent accidents

- Identify radioactive and carcinogenic symbols
- Discuss health effects of radiation
- Learn about protective measures
- Practice safety protocols
- Discuss common laboratory accidents
- Analyze case studies of laboratory incidents
- Identify unsafe practices
- Create an accident prevention checklist

Why do we need special protection from radioactive materials?
How do accidents happen in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 16
- Radioactive warning labels
- Safety protocols chart
- Master Integrated Science pg. 17
- Case study materials
- Accident report forms

- Safety protocol demonstration - Symbol recognition - Written assessments
- Case study analysis - Checklist creation - Group discussions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Burns and scalds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between burns and scalds
- Identify causes of burns and scalds
- Practice prevention measures

- Differentiate between dry heat burns and wet heat scalds
- Identify sources of burns and scalds in the laboratory
- Practice proper handling of hot equipment
- Demonstrate safety procedures

What is the difference between burns and scalds?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 18
- Hot water demonstration setup
- Safety equipment

- Practical demonstrations - Safety procedure assessment - Oral questions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Cuts and injuries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify causes of cuts in the laboratory
- Practice safe handling of glassware
- Demonstrate proper cleanup procedures

- Handle glassware safely
- Practice proper disposal of broken glass
- Demonstrate safe cutting techniques
- Learn emergency response for cuts

How can we prevent cuts when using glassware?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 18
- Glassware samples
- Safety gloves

- Safe handling demonstration - Emergency response practice - Practical assessment

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Ingestion of harmful substances
Laboratory Safety - First aid for burns and scalds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how harmful substances can be ingested
- Practice hygiene measures in the laboratory
- Demonstrate emergency response procedures

- Discuss how chemicals can accidentally enter the body
- Practice proper hand washing techniques
- Learn about eating restrictions in the laboratory
- Demonstrate emergency first aid

Why should we never eat or drink in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 19
- Hand washing stations
- Emergency contact information
- Master Integrated Science pg. 20
- First aid kit
- Cold water supply

- Hygiene practice assessment - Emergency procedure demonstration - Written tests

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - First aid for cuts
Laboratory Safety - First aid for ingestion emergencies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate first aid for cuts
- Practice wound cleaning procedures
- Show competence in bandaging techniques

- Demonstrate first aid for poisoning
- Practice emergency communication
- Show knowledge of when not to induce vomiting

- Learn proper wound cleaning methods
- Practice applying pressure to stop bleeding
- Demonstrate bandaging techniques
- Role-play cut injury scenarios
- Learn appropriate responses to chemical ingestion
- Practice emergency calling procedures
- Understand poison control measures
- Role-play poisoning emergencies

How do we properly treat a cut to prevent infection?
What should we do if someone swallows a harmful chemical?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 21
- Bandages and gauze
- Antiseptic solution
- Master Integrated Science pg. 21
- Emergency contact numbers
- Poison control information

- Bandaging skills assessment - First aid demonstration - Practical evaluation
- Emergency response demonstration - Communication skills assessment - Scenario-based evaluation

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Importance of safety measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain why laboratory safety is important
- Value personal and others' safety
- Appreciate the role of safety in learning

- Discuss benefits of following safety rules
- Analyze consequences of ignoring safety
- Create safety promotion materials
- Present safety importance to younger students

Why is it important to follow safety rules in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 22
- Safety promotion materials
- Presentation equipment

- Safety presentation assessment - Material creation evaluation - Peer teaching assessment

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Basic skills in science

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define basic skills in science
- Identify different science process skills
- Appreciate the importance of scientific skills

- Brainstorm on scientific skills
- Identify skills used in daily activities
- Practice observation and classification
- Discuss the importance of each skill

Why are basic skills important in science?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 25
- Observable objects
- Classification materials

- Skills demonstration - Practical observations - Oral assessments

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Manipulative skills
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Observation skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define manipulative skills
- Practice handling laboratory equipment
- Demonstrate safe manipulation techniques

- Handle various laboratory tools
- Practice proper gripping techniques
- Demonstrate equipment care
- Show safe manipulation methods

How do we safely handle laboratory equipment?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 26
- Laboratory equipment
- Safety gloves
- Various objects for observation
- Observation recording sheets

- Equipment handling assessment - Safety demonstration - Practical skills evaluation

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Measurement skills
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Classification skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define measurement skills
- Use appropriate measuring instruments
- Record measurements accurately

- Define classification skills
- Practice grouping objects by properties
- Create classification systems

- Practice using rulers and tape measures
- Measure various objects in the classroom
- Record measurements in proper units
- Compare measurement accuracy
- Sort objects by different characteristics
- Create classification charts
- Practice biological classification
- Develop personal classification systems

How do we measure objects accurately?
How do we organize things into groups?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Rulers and measuring tapes
- Objects to measure
- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Various objects for sorting
- Classification charts

- Measurement accuracy assessment - Unit usage evaluation - Recording skills check
- Classification accuracy assessment - Chart creation evaluation - System development check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Prediction and communication skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define prediction and communication skills
- Make reasonable predictions
- Communicate findings effectively

- Make predictions about simple experiments
- Test predictions through observation
- Communicate results to classmates
- Practice scientific reporting

How do we share our scientific discoveries?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Simple experiment materials
- Communication aids

- Prediction accuracy assessment - Communication skills evaluation - Scientific reporting check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Heating apparatus identification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify heating apparatus in the laboratory
- Name different heating instruments
- Understand the purpose of each heating device

- Observe different heating apparatus
- Identify Bunsen burners, spirit lamps, and hot plates
- Discuss uses of each heating device
- Create a chart of heating equipment

What equipment do we use for heating in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 28
- Various heating apparatus
- Equipment identification charts

- Equipment identification assessment - Chart creation evaluation - Purpose explanation check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Parts of a Bunsen burner
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Using and caring for heating apparatus

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify parts of a Bunsen burner
- Explain the function of each part
- Draw a labeled diagram of a Bunsen burner

- Examine a real Bunsen burner
- Identify and label each part
- Discuss the function of each component
- Draw accurate labeled diagrams

What are the different parts of a Bunsen burner?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 30
- Bunsen burner
- Labeling materials
- Master Integrated Science pg. 31
- Heating apparatus
- Safety equipment

- Diagram labeling assessment - Function explanation evaluation - Drawing accuracy check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Mass measuring instruments
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Temperature measuring instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify instruments for measuring mass
- Distinguish between electronic and beam balances
- Practice proper use of weighing instruments

- Identify temperature measuring instruments
- Read thermometers accurately
- Practice proper thermometer handling

- Identify different types of balances
- Practice using electronic balances
- Compare beam balance and electronic balance
- Measure masses of various objects
- Identify different types of thermometers
- Practice reading temperature scales
- Measure temperatures of various substances
- Learn proper thermometer care

What instruments do we use to measure mass?
How do we measure temperature accurately?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 34
- Electronic and beam balances
- Objects for weighing
- Master Integrated Science pg. 36
- Various thermometers
- Substances at different temperatures

- Balance usage assessment - Measurement accuracy evaluation - Comparison skills check
- Reading accuracy assessment - Handling skills evaluation - Care procedure check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Length measuring instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify length measuring instruments
- Use rulers, calipers, and micrometers
- Practice accurate length measurements

- Use rulers and tape measures
- Practice with vernier calipers
- Learn micrometer screw gauge usage
- Measure various object dimensions

What tools help us measure length precisely?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 39
- Rulers, calipers, micrometers
- Objects for measurement

- Measurement precision assessment - Tool usage evaluation - Accuracy comparison check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Volume and weight measuring

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify volume measuring apparatus
- Use spring balances for weight measurement
- Practice accurate volume and weight measurements

- Use measuring cylinders and pipettes
- Practice with spring balances
- Measure volumes of liquids
- Determine weights of objects

How do we measure volume and weight in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 45
- Volume measuring apparatus
- Spring balances

- Volume measurement assessment - Weight determination evaluation - Apparatus usage check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Magnification tools and SI units
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Practical skills assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify magnification instruments
- Use microscopes and hand lenses
- Understand SI units for measurements

- Practice using hand lenses
- Learn microscope parts and functions
- Use microscopes to observe specimens
- Review all SI units covered

How do we see tiny objects and express measurements?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 49
- Microscopes and hand lenses
- SI unit reference charts
- Master Integrated Science pg. 25-56
- All apparatus covered
- Assessment rubrics

- Microscope usage assessment - Magnification skills evaluation - SI unit application check

Scientific Investigation
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Review and consolidation
Mixtures - Components of Integrated Science as a field of study
Mixtures - Categorising mixtures as homogenous or heterogeneous

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review all concepts covered in the strand
- Demonstrate understanding through assessment
- Appreciate the importance of scientific investigation

- Define a mixture
- Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
- Show interest in learning about mixtures

- Review all sub-strand topics
- Complete comprehensive assessment
- Reflect on learning achievements
- Plan for future learning
- Brainstorm on the meaning of mixtures
- Discuss examples of mixtures found at home and school
- Categorize mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous

What have we learned about scientific investigation?
How do we identify different types of mixtures in our environment?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 25-56
- Review materials
- Assessment papers
Master Integrated Science pg. 72
- Digital resources
- Internet access
- Exercise books
- Environment for observation

- Comprehensive written assessment - Reflection evaluation - Learning progress check
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Solute, solvent and solution
Mixtures - Identifying solute, solvent and solution in mixtures
Mixtures - Separation by evaporation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define solute, solvent and solution
- Identify the solute and solvent in given solutions
- Show interest in understanding solution formation

- Use textbooks and digital devices to research on solute, solvent and solution
- Discuss findings with classmates
- Demonstrate solution formation using salt and water

How do solutes and solvents combine to form solutions?

Master Integrated Science pg. 74
- Salt and water
- Beakers and stirring rods
- Common salt
- Water
- Beakers
- Stirring rods
Master Integrated Science pg. 76
- Salt, water
- Evaporating dish
- Bunsen burner
- Tripod stand

- Oral questions - Practical work - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by crystallisation
Mixtures - Simple distillation setup

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the crystallisation process
- Separate mixtures using crystallisation method
- Show appreciation for the crystallisation method

- Prepare saturated salt solution
- Heat solution gently while stirring
- Allow cooling and observe crystal formation
- Filter and dry the crystals

What is the difference between evaporation and crystallisation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 78
- Salt, distilled water
- Evaporating dish
- Filter paper and funnel
Master Integrated Science pg. 80
- Distillation apparatus
- Safety equipment

- Practical work - Observation - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by simple distillation
Mixtures - Fractional distillation setup

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate simple distillation process
- Explain how simple distillation works
- Show interest in distillation methods

- Separate salt and water using simple distillation
- Observe temperature changes during heating
- Collect distillate and examine residue
- Record observations

How does simple distillation separate components of different boiling points?

Master Integrated Science pg. 80
- Salt solution
- Complete distillation setup
- Thermometer
Master Integrated Science pg. 82
- Fractional distillation apparatus
- Digital devices for research

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Observation schedule

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by fractional distillation
Mixtures - Separation by sublimation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate fractional distillation process
- Explain separation of miscible liquids
- Show appreciation for advanced separation techniques

- Define sublimation and deposition
- Demonstrate separation using sublimation
- Appreciate sublimation as a separation method

- Separate water and ethanol mixture using fractional distillation
- Monitor temperature changes
- Collect fractions at different temperatures
- Discuss applications
- Separate iodine from impurities using sublimation
- Observe purple vapour formation
- Collect pure iodine crystals on cool surfaces
- Discuss other substances that sublime

How are miscible liquids with close boiling points separated?
How does sublimation help in purifying substances?

Master Integrated Science pg. 82
- Water and ethanol mixture
- Complete fractional distillation setup
Master Integrated Science pg. 84
- Impure iodine
- Evaporating dish
- Filter funnel
- Cotton wool

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Written tests
- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by solvent extraction
Mixtures - Separation by chromatography

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain solvent extraction method
- Extract oil from nuts using solvent extraction
- Show interest in extraction processes

- Crush groundnuts and add propanone
- Allow mixture to settle and decant solution
- Evaporate solvent to obtain oil
- Test oil properties using filter paper

How are useful substances extracted from natural materials?

Master Integrated Science pg. 86
- Groundnuts or seeds
- Propanone
- Mortar and pestle
- Filter paper
Master Integrated Science pg. 88
- Black ink
- Measuring cylinder

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Observation schedule

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Extended chromatography activity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply chromatography technique to different materials
- Explain solubility differences in separation
- Show interest in analytical chemistry

- Use different ink samples for chromatography
- Apply radial chromatography technique
- Compare results from different inks
- Discuss solubility and movement patterns

Why do different components move different distances in chromatography?

Master Integrated Science pg. 90
- Various pen inks
- Filter papers
- Propanone
- Droppers

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Checklist

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Applications of separation methods in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of separation methods in industries
- Explain real-life uses of separation techniques
- Appreciate the importance of separation methods in society

- Study images showing industrial applications
- Discuss separation methods used in salt production
- Research applications using digital devices
- Present findings to classmates

How are separation methods applied in industries and daily life?

Master Integrated Science pg. 92
- Digital devices
- Industrial application images
- Reference materials

- Research presentation - Oral questions - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Matching separation methods with applications
Mixtures - Review of separation methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Match separation methods with appropriate applications
- Explain choice of separation method for specific mixtures
- Show appreciation for scientific problem-solving

- Summarize all separation methods learned
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of different methods
- Demonstrate understanding of separation principles

- Complete table matching activities with separation methods
- Discuss why specific methods are used for particular applications
- Analyze real-world separation scenarios
- Review all separation methods covered
- Create summary charts of separation techniques
- Discuss when to use each method
- Practice problem-solving with mixture separation

Which separation method is most suitable for a given mixture?
How do we choose the best separation method for a given situation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 94
- Activity tables
- Course book
- Reference materials
Master Integrated Science pg. 72-94
- Summary charts
- Previous practical results

- Written assignments - Assessment rubrics - Oral questions
- Written tests - Observation - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Assessment and application synthesis
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Introduction to acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply knowledge of separation methods to solve practical problems
- Evaluate effectiveness of different separation techniques
- Show confidence in handling separation challenges

- Solve complex separation problems
- Design separation procedures for given mixtures
- Evaluate and critique separation methods
- Present solutions to separation challenges

How can we design effective separation procedures for complex mixtures?

Master Integrated Science pg. 72-94
- Problem scenarios
- Assessment materials
Master Integrated Science pg. 95
- Common household items
- Course book

- Assessment rubrics - Practical work - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Using litmus paper to identify acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use litmus paper to test acids and bases
- Classify household solutions as acids or bases
- Appreciate the use of indicators in identification

- Test various household solutions with red and blue litmus papers
- Record color changes in a table
- Classify solutions as acids or bases
- Discuss results with classmates

How do we use litmus paper to identify acids and bases?

Master Integrated Science pg. 96
- Red and blue litmus papers
- Various household solutions
- Test tubes

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Resource person on plant extract indicators

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the use of plant extracts as indicators
- Identify plants suitable for indicator preparation
- Show appreciation for natural indicators

- Listen to resource person on plant extract indicators
- Ask questions for clarification
- Write notes on key points discussed
- Discuss applications of natural indicators

Why can some plants be used as acid-base indicators?

Master Integrated Science pg. 98
- Resource person
- Note-taking materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Note-taking assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Preparing indicators from plant extracts
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Alternative plant extract preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare acid-base indicators from plant flowers
- Extract colored substances from plant materials
- Show interest in natural indicator preparation

- Prepare indicators using red cabbage or beetroot
- Compare different plant extract indicators
- Appreciate variety in natural indicators

- Collect colored flowers from school environment
- Cut flowers into small pieces
- Crush flowers with ethanol to extract color
- Filter the extract to obtain colored solution
- Use red cabbage or beetroot to prepare indicators
- Follow extraction procedure with ethanol
- Compare color intensity with flower extracts
- Dispose of waste materials safely

How do we extract useful indicators from plants?
Which plants give the best natural indicators?

Master Integrated Science pg. 98
- Plant flowers
- Ethanol
- Mortar and pestle
- Filter paper
Master Integrated Science pg. 100
- Red cabbage or beetroot
- Ethanol
- Extraction apparatus

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Observation
- Practical work - Observation - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Testing solutions with plant extract indicators
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Physical properties of acids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use plant extract indicators to test solutions
- Classify solutions as acidic or basic using natural indicators
- Show appreciation for natural indicator effectiveness

- Test various household solutions with plant extract indicators
- Record color changes observed
- Complete classification table
- Compare results with litmus paper tests

How effective are plant extract indicators compared to litmus paper?

Master Integrated Science pg. 100
- Plant extract indicators
- Various household solutions
- Test tubes
- Droppers
Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Lemon juice
- Safety equipment
- Litmus papers

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Physical properties of bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical properties of bases
- Compare properties of bases with acids
- Appreciate differences between acids and bases

- Observe appearance of baking powder solution
- Test texture and smell safely
- Test with litmus papers
- Compare with acidic solution properties
- Record comparative observations

How do physical properties of bases differ from acids?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Baking powder solution
- Safety equipment
- Litmus papers
- Comparison tables

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Comparative analysis

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Solubility of acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate solubility of acids and bases in water
- Explain formation of homogeneous mixtures
- Show understanding of solution formation

- Add water to lemon juice and observe mixing
- Add water to baking powder solution and observe
- Discuss formation of homogeneous solutions
- Compare solubility characteristics

Why do acids and bases dissolve in water?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Acidic and basic solutions
- Water
- Test tubes
- Observation sheets

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Electrical conductivity of acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of acids in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test electrical conductivity of acids and bases
- Explain why acids and bases conduct electricity
- Appreciate electrical properties of solutions

- Identify uses of acids in food, industry, and medicine
- Explain applications of acids in various sectors
- Appreciate importance of acids in society

- Set up electrical conductivity apparatus
- Test conductivity of vinegar
- Test conductivity of baking powder solution
- Observe bulb brightness in both cases
- Use digital devices to research acid applications
- Study images of acid uses in various industries
- Discuss food preservation using acids
- Explore medicinal uses of acids

Why do acidic and basic solutions conduct electricity?
How are acids useful in our daily lives?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Battery and bulb setup
- Connecting wires
- Metal rods
- Acidic and basic solutions
Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Digital devices
- Application images
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Assessment rubrics
- Research presentation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of bases in daily life
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of indicators in various sectors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of bases in cooking, cleaning, and medicine
- Explain applications of bases in agriculture
- Show appreciation for base applications

- Discuss baking soda uses in cooking
- Explore cleaning applications of bases
- Research medicinal uses of antacids
- Study soil treatment with bases

What important roles do bases play in our lives?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Household base products
- Digital resources
- Application examples
- Test strips examples
- Laboratory indicators

- Observation - Research activities - Oral presentations

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Reading product labels for acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify acidic and basic ingredients in household products
- Read and interpret product labels
- Show awareness of chemical content in daily products

- Collect household product containers
- Read ingredient labels carefully
- Identify acidic and basic components
- Create classification table of products
- Discuss findings with classmates

What acidic and basic substances are found in household products?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Household product containers
- Label reading worksheets
- Classification tables

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Label interpretation skills

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in food and cooking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of acids and bases in food preparation
- Identify preservative and flavoring applications
- Appreciate chemical processes in cooking

- Study food preservatives containing acids
- Explore baking powder use in cooking
- Discuss vinegar applications in food
- Analyze food flavoring with citric acid

How do acids and bases contribute to food preparation and preservation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Food product examples
- Cooking ingredients
- Preservative labels

- Observation - Practical demonstrations - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in agriculture
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in medicine and health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain soil pH management using acids and bases
- Identify fertilizer applications
- Show understanding of agricultural chemistry

- Identify medicinal uses of acids and bases
- Explain antacid function in treating heartburn
- Appreciate chemical solutions to health problems

- Discuss soil acidity testing
- Explore lime application to neutralize acidic soils
- Study fertilizer use in farming
- Connect with Agriculture and Nutrition concepts
- Study antacid tablet ingredients
- Discuss stomach acid neutralization
- Explore pain relief medications containing acids
- Research medical applications of acids and bases

How do farmers use acids and bases to improve soil quality?
How do acids and bases help solve health problems?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Soil testing materials
- Agricultural examples
- pH testing demonstrations
Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Medicine examples
- Antacid products
- Medical application research

- Practical demonstrations - Assessment rubrics - Cross-curricular connections
- Research activities - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in cleaning and industry
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Review and synthesis of concepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain cleaning applications of acids and bases
- Identify industrial uses of acids and bases
- Show appreciation for chemical solutions in industry

- Study toilet cleaners containing acids
- Explore soap and detergent base content
- Discuss car battery acid applications
- Research industrial acid and base uses

What roles do acids and bases play in cleaning and industrial processes?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Cleaning product examples
- Industrial application images
- Safety material examples
Master Integrated Science pg. 95-105
- Review materials
- Concept mapping resources

- Practical demonstrations - Assessment rubrics - Industrial application analysis

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Problem-solving with acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Integration and future applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply knowledge to solve practical problems
- Design experiments to test unknown solutions
- Show confidence in handling acid-base problems

- Solve identification problems with unknown solutions
- Design testing procedures using available indicators
- Evaluate effectiveness of different testing methods
- Present solutions to practical challenges

How can we use our knowledge to solve real acid-base problems?

Master Integrated Science pg. 95-105
- Unknown solution samples
- Various indicators
- Problem scenarios
- Career information resources
- Future learning pathways

- Problem-solving assessment - Practical work - Assessment rubrics