INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Basic science concepts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Relate basic science concepts taught at primary level to Chemistry.

Brainstorming to review basic science concepts;
Probing questions;
Discussion.

TEXT BOOK

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 1-3

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Basic aspects of Chemistry.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Basic aspects of Chemistry.

Questioning;
Discussion;
Exposition of new concepts.

Mixtures,
Conductors & non conductors,
Drugs.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 4-5

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Definition of Chemistry & Role of Chemistry in the society. Lab safety rules.
Apparatus used in Chemistry.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define Chemistry.
Identify role of Chemistry in the society.
Identify careers related to Chemistry.
Recognise lab safety rules.

Open discussion;
Probing questions.

List of lab safety rules.
Common lab apparatus.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 5-6,16

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Apparatus used in Chemistry. (contd)
Measuring volume.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify apparatus used in Chemistry.

Observing drawn apparatus;
Drawing apparatus.

Common lab apparatus.
Specific apparatus for measuring volume.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 6-9

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Measuring mass.
Measuring time.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Use some apparatus to measure mass.

Measuring mass in kg, grams and mg.

Electronic, beam, ripple pan balances.
Stop watches.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 6-9

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Measuring temperature.
Parts of a Bunsen burner.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Use some apparatus to measure temperature.

Measuring temperature with an ordinary thermometer;
Measuring temperature after given time intervals.

Thermometers.
Bunsen burner.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 6-9

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Bunsen burner flames. - luminous flame.
Bunsen burner flames. - non-luminous flame.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State properties of a luminous flame.

Closing air hole of the burner;
Observing aluminous flame;
Drawing a luminous flame.

Bunsen burner.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 11-12

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Heating effects of Bunsen flames.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the heating effects of luminous and non-luminous flames.

Heating water using luminous and non-luminous flames;
Burning wooden splints, paper over the flames;
Discussion.

Bunsen flames, wooden splints,
Wire gauze, beakers.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 13-15

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Heating effect of a non-luminous flame.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the hottest part of a non-luminous flame.

Guided practical activities;
Discussion based on observations made.

wooden splints,
non-luminous flame, manilla papers.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 14-15

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Solid-solid mixture.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Carry out simple experiments to separate a solid-solid mixture.

Class experiments;
Making solid-solid mixtures.
separating solid-solid mixtures.

Solid-solid mixture, e.g. Sodium chloride-iodine mixture.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 19-20

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Making solid-liquid mixtures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Mix solids with known volume of liquids.

Class experiments;
Making solid-liquid mixtures.

Test tubes, sugar, salt, potassium nitrate, propanone, oxalic acids, etc.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 19-20

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Separating solid-liquid mixtures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Carry out simple experiments to separate a solid-liquid mixture.

Separating solid-liquid mixtures.

Test tubes, sugar, salt, potassium nitrate, propanone, oxalic acids, etc.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 19-20

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Soluble solid-liquid mixture & insoluble solid-liquid mixture
Crystallization.
Simple distillation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Carry out decantation and filtration.

Class experiments; separating solid-liquid mixtures.

Water-sand mixture, salt solution, filter papers, funnel, beakers.
Waterbath, conc copper
(II) sulphate solution, evaporating dish.
Liebig sondenser, salt solution, round-bottomed flask, conical flask.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 22-24

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Liquid-liquid mixture -immiscible liquids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe an experiment o separate miscible liquids.

Questioning;
Exposition.

Water, ethanol, pipettes, droppers, separating funnel.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP28-29

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Fractional distillation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Carry out fractional distillation.

Class experiments; separating liquid-liquid mixtures.
Discussion.

Water, ethanol, fractionating column, liebig condenser, round-bottomed flask, conical flask.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 28-29

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Applications of fractional distillation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe applications of fractional distillation.

Questioning & discussion on extraction of;
-oils from nuts,
-dyes from plants,
-herbal medicine from plants.

Miscible liquids.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 30-32

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Separating coloured substances.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromatography as a method of separating coloured substances.

Obtain pigments from green leaves.
Guided activities.

Pestles, mortars.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 33-34

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES
TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT CHANGES

Paper chromatography.
Reversible processes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Carry out paper chromatography.
Interpret paper chromatograms.

Paper chromatography tests.
Questioning on concentric and ascending chromatograms.

Pestles, motars,
Green leaves, propanone, filter paper.
Sample chromatograms.
Solid wax, zinc oxide, solid iodine.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 33-34

TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT CHANGES

Physical change
Permanent chemical change.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a physical change.
State characteristics of a physical change.

Q/A and discussion based on above observations.

TEXT BOOK
Hydrated copper (II) sulphate, copper (II) nitrate.

TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT CHANGES

Elements.
Compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define an element, atom, molecule.
Give examples of elements.

Exposition;
Brief discussion.

List of first
20 elements.
TEXT BOOK

K.L.B.
BOOK I
P. 48

TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT CHANGES

Chemical symbols.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify chemical symbols for various elements.

Exposition;
Brief discussion.

List of first
20 elements.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 49-50

TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT CHANGES
ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS

Chemical equations.
Classification of substances as acidic, neutral or basic.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write down word equations for chemical reactions.

Probing questions;
Guided discovery;
Brief discussion.

TEXT BOOK

K.L.B.
BOOK I
P. 51

ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS

Simple acid-base indicators.
Commercial indicators.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define an acid-base indicator.
Prepare acid-base indicator from flower extracts.

Group experiments;
Obtain flower extracts; Observe colour changes of extracts in given solutions.
Classify substances.

Red / blue flowers, pestle, mortar, propanone, teat pipette.
Phenolphthalene, litmus papers, methyl orange, HCl. NaoH, lemon juice, soap, toothpaste, calcium hydroxide,etc.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 54--56

ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS

Universal indicators and pH.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine strength of acids / bases using universal indicators and pH scale.

Exposition,
Find pH values of various substances.

Phenolphthalene, litmus papers, methyl orange, HCl. NaoH,lemon juice, soap, toothpaste, calcium hydroxide.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 58--59

ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS

Reaction of acids with metals.
Reaction of acids with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reactions of acids with metals.

T/demonstration; reaction of dilute acids with metals.
Discuss based on observation made.
Make solutions.

Dil HCl,
zinc dranules,
magnesium.
Carbonates of calcium, copper, sodium.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 58-59

ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS

Reaction of acids with hydrogen carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reaction of acids with hydrogen carbonates.

Standard experiments; observe colour changes;
Discuss results.
Write chemical equations.

Hydrogen carbonates.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 62-63

ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS

Reaction of acids with bases.
Effects and uses of acids and bases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reaction of acids with bases.

Discuss properties of acids and bases.
Write chemical equations.

Metal oxides and acids.
TEXT BOOK

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 63-65

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Composition of air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



State the composition of air by volume.

Probing questions;
Brief discussion.

TEXT BOOK

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 68-71

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Air and combustion.
Active part of air.
Rusting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe an experiment to show percentage of air that supports burning.

Teacher demonstrations;
Discussion;
Worked examples.

Sodium hydroxide solution, candle, gas jar, trough, copper turnings, hard glass tube, glass syringes.
Copper turnings, glass wool, syringes, plastic tubing.
Iron

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 68-71

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Percentage of air used up during rusting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe an experiment to show percentage of air used up during rusting.

Teacher demonstration;
Questioning;
Discussion.

Iron nails, troughs.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
P. 72

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Preventing rusting.
Smouldering of phosphorus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State methods of preventing rusting.

Questioning;
Discussion.

TEXT BOOK
White phosphorus, trough.

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Presence of carbon (IV) oxide and water in the air.
Fractional distillation of liquid air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe an experiment to show presence of carbon (IV) oxide and water in the air.

Teacher demonstration;
Probing questions on colour changes;
Discussion.

Aspirator, lime water, u-tube, anhydrous calcium chloride.
Flowchart.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 73-74

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Lab preparation of oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare oxygen in the lab.
State physical properties of oxygen.

Teacher demonstration / group expts;
Questioning;
Discussion.

Sodium peroxide, manganese (IV) oxide, potassium permanganate.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 78-79

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Burning metals in air (oxygen)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State how metals burn in air.

Teacher demonstration;
Questioning;
Discussion.
Write equations.

Sodium, calcium,
magnesium,
iron, copper.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 80-81

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Products of burning metals in air.
Reactivity series.
Burning non-metals in air (oxygen)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of burning metals in air.

Group experiments;
Testing for products;
Write chemical equations.

Weighing balance.
Chart- reactivity series for metals.
Carbon, sulphur, phosphorus.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 82-83,
P. 85

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Competition for oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe redox reactions.
Write equations for redox reactions.
State applications of redox reactions.

Q/A to review redox reactions;
Teacher demonstrations;
Discussion.
Write equations.

Metals and metal oxides.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 86-87

AIR AND COMBUSTION
WATER AND HYDROGEN

Reactivity series based on redox reactions, Uses of oxygen. Environmental pollution.
Burning candle wax in air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Recall the reactivity series.
State uses of oxygen.
Discuss environmental pollution.

Q/A to review redox reactions;

Open discussion.

TEXT BOOK
Candles, lime water.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 88-89

WATER AND HYDROGEN

Reaction of cold water with metals.
Reaction of steam with metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of reaction of cold water with metals.

Teacher demonstrations;
Discussion;
Write equations.

Calcium, sodium grain.
Magnesium ribbon, sand, iron / steel wool.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 92-94

WATER AND HYDROGEN

Hydrogen. - lab preparation.
Hydrogen. - physical properties.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe laboratory preparation of hydrogen.

Teacher demonstrations;
Discussion.

Zinc granules,
dil HCl,
conc. sulphuric acid.
conc. sulphuric acid, litmus papers.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
P. 97

WATER AND HYDROGEN

Hydrogen as a reducing agent.
Burning hydrogen in air.
Uses of hydrogen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe an experiment to show reducing properties of hydrogen.

Teacher demonstration;
Discussion;
Write equations.

Copper (II) oxide, anhydrous Copper (II) sulphate., dry hydrogen.
Anhydrous calcium chloride,
hydrogen, U tube, ice cold water.
TEXT BOOK

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 99-101