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| WK | LSN | TOPIC | SUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | T/L ACTIVITIES | T/L AIDS | REFERENCE | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
REPORTING |
|||||||
| 2 | 1 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Newton's First Law and Inertia
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State Newton's first law of motion -Define inertia and relate it to mass -Explain the concept of balanced and unbalanced forces -Give examples of Newton's first law in daily life -Understand the need for seat belts and safety devices |
Q/A review on forces from previous studies
-Demonstration: cardboard and coin experiment -Demonstration: hitting bottom coin from stack -Discussion on inertia and its relationship to mass -Explanation of seat belts and safety devices in vehicles -Analysis of forces acting on aircraft in flight |
Cardboard
-Glass tumbler -Coins -Charts showing aircraft forces -Pictures of safety devices -Demonstration materials -Balance |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 65-67
|
|
| 2 | 2 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Newton's First Law and Inertia
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State Newton's first law of motion -Define inertia and relate it to mass -Explain the concept of balanced and unbalanced forces -Give examples of Newton's first law in daily life -Understand the need for seat belts and safety devices |
Q/A review on forces from previous studies
-Demonstration: cardboard and coin experiment -Demonstration: hitting bottom coin from stack -Discussion on inertia and its relationship to mass -Explanation of seat belts and safety devices in vehicles -Analysis of forces acting on aircraft in flight |
Cardboard
-Glass tumbler -Coins -Charts showing aircraft forces -Pictures of safety devices -Demonstration materials -Balance |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 65-67
|
|
| 2 | 3 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Momentum and its Applications
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define momentum and state its SI unit -Calculate momentum using p = mv -Identify momentum as a vector quantity -Solve problems involving momentum calculations -Compare momentum of different objects |
Review Newton's first law through Q/A
-Introduction to momentum concept with examples -Demonstration: comparing stopping distances of vehicles -Worked examples on momentum calculations -Problem-solving session with various scenarios -Discussion on factors affecting momentum |
Calculator
-Toy cars of different masses -Stopwatch -Measuring tape -Worked examples charts -Problem worksheets |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 67-68
|
|
| 2 | 4 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Newton's Second Law of Motion
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State Newton's second law of motion -Derive the relationship F = ma -Define the Newton as unit of force -Understand rate of change of momentum -Apply F = ma to solve problems |
Q/A on momentum concepts
-Derivation of F = ma from Newton's second law -Definition of the Newton using F = ma -Demonstration using ticker-timer and trolley -Worked examples applying F = ma -Problem-solving session with force calculations |
Ticker-timer
-Trolley -Runway -Elastic cords -Masses -Calculator -Force diagrams -Worked examples |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 68-74
|
|
| 2 | 5 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Newton's Second Law of Motion
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State Newton's second law of motion -Derive the relationship F = ma -Define the Newton as unit of force -Understand rate of change of momentum -Apply F = ma to solve problems |
Q/A on momentum concepts
-Derivation of F = ma from Newton's second law -Definition of the Newton using F = ma -Demonstration using ticker-timer and trolley -Worked examples applying F = ma -Problem-solving session with force calculations |
Ticker-timer
-Trolley -Runway -Elastic cords -Masses -Calculator -Force diagrams -Worked examples |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 68-74
|
|
| 3 | 1 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Experimental Verification of Newton's Second Law
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate relationship between force and acceleration -Investigate relationship between mass and acceleration -Verify F = ma experimentally -Analyze ticker-tape results -Draw conclusions from experimental data |
Review F = ma through Q/A
-Experiment: Force vs acceleration (constant mass) -Experiment: Mass vs acceleration (constant force) -Analysis of ticker-tape patterns -Data collection and graph plotting -Discussion on experimental errors and improvements |
Ticker-timer
-Trolley -Ticker tape -Elastic cords -Various masses -Scissors -Graph paper -Rulers -Calculator |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 69-71
|
|
| 3 | 2 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Experimental Verification of Newton's Second Law
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate relationship between force and acceleration -Investigate relationship between mass and acceleration -Verify F = ma experimentally -Analyze ticker-tape results -Draw conclusions from experimental data |
Review F = ma through Q/A
-Experiment: Force vs acceleration (constant mass) -Experiment: Mass vs acceleration (constant force) -Analysis of ticker-tape patterns -Data collection and graph plotting -Discussion on experimental errors and improvements |
Ticker-timer
-Trolley -Ticker tape -Elastic cords -Various masses -Scissors -Graph paper -Rulers -Calculator |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 69-71
|
|
| 3 | 3 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Impulse and Change in Momentum
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define impulse and state its units -Understand impulse-momentum theorem -Calculate impulse using Ft = Δp -Analyze force-time graphs -Apply impulse concept to real situations |
Q/A review on Newton's second law
-Introduction to impulse concept -Derivation of impulse-momentum theorem -Analysis of force-time graphs and area calculation -Worked examples on impulse calculations -Discussion on applications: car safety, sports |
Graph paper
-Force-time graph examples -Calculator -Charts showing car safety features -Sports equipment examples -Worked examples |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 71-74
|
|
| 3 | 4 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Newton's Third Law of Motion
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State Newton's third law of motion -Understand action and reaction pairs -Explain that forces occur in pairs -Apply third law to various situations -Analyze motion in different scenarios |
Review impulse concepts through Q/A
-Demonstration: walking and floor interaction -Demonstration: jumping from boat scenario -Discussion on action-reaction pairs -Examples from daily life: walking, swimming, rocket propulsion -Problem-solving involving third law |
Books for pressure demonstration
-Spring balances -Trolleys -String -Charts showing action-reaction examples -Pictures of rockets and jets |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 75-80
|
|
| 3 | 5 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Newton's Third Law of Motion
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State Newton's third law of motion -Understand action and reaction pairs -Explain that forces occur in pairs -Apply third law to various situations -Analyze motion in different scenarios |
Review impulse concepts through Q/A
-Demonstration: walking and floor interaction -Demonstration: jumping from boat scenario -Discussion on action-reaction pairs -Examples from daily life: walking, swimming, rocket propulsion -Problem-solving involving third law |
Books for pressure demonstration
-Spring balances -Trolleys -String -Charts showing action-reaction examples -Pictures of rockets and jets |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 75-80
|
|
| 4 | 1 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Applications of Newton's Laws - Lifts and Apparent Weight
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Analyze forces in accelerating lifts -Calculate apparent weight in different situations -Understand weightlessness concept -Apply Newton's laws to lift problems -Solve problems involving vertical motion |
Q/A on Newton's third law
-Analysis of forces in lift moving upward with acceleration -Analysis of forces in lift moving downward with acceleration -Calculation of apparent weight in different scenarios -Discussion on weightlessness in spacecraft -Problem-solving session on lift problems |
Spring balance
-Mass -Lift diagrams -Calculator -Free-body diagram charts -Worked examples -Problem worksheets |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 76-78
|
|
| 4 | 2 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Applications of Newton's Laws - Lifts and Apparent Weight
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Analyze forces in accelerating lifts -Calculate apparent weight in different situations -Understand weightlessness concept -Apply Newton's laws to lift problems -Solve problems involving vertical motion |
Q/A on Newton's third law
-Analysis of forces in lift moving upward with acceleration -Analysis of forces in lift moving downward with acceleration -Calculation of apparent weight in different scenarios -Discussion on weightlessness in spacecraft -Problem-solving session on lift problems |
Spring balance
-Mass -Lift diagrams -Calculator -Free-body diagram charts -Worked examples -Problem worksheets |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 76-78
|
|
| 4 | 3 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Conservation of Linear Momentum
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State the law of conservation of momentum -Apply conservation of momentum to collisions -Distinguish between elastic and inelastic collisions -Solve collision problems -Understand momentum in explosions |
Review lift problems through Q/A
-Statement and explanation of conservation of momentum -Demonstration: colliding trolleys or balls -Analysis of elastic and inelastic collisions -Worked examples on collision problems -Discussion on explosions and momentum conservation |
Trolleys
-Plasticine -Marbles -Spring balance -Measuring tape -Stopwatch -Calculator -Collision demonstration apparatus |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 80-86
|
|
| 4 | 4 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Applications of Momentum Conservation - Rockets and Jets
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain rocket and jet propulsion -Apply momentum conservation to propulsion systems -Understand recoil velocity calculations -Analyze garden sprinkler operation -Solve recoil problems |
Q/A review on momentum conservation
-Explanation of rocket propulsion principle -Analysis of jet engine operation -Calculation of recoil velocities -Demonstration: balloon rocket or garden sprinkler -Problem-solving on recoil scenarios |
Balloons
-String -Straws -Garden sprinkler (if available) -Charts showing rocket/jet engines -Calculator -Worked examples |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 86-87
|
|
| 4 | 5 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Applications of Momentum Conservation - Rockets and Jets
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain rocket and jet propulsion -Apply momentum conservation to propulsion systems -Understand recoil velocity calculations -Analyze garden sprinkler operation -Solve recoil problems |
Q/A review on momentum conservation
-Explanation of rocket propulsion principle -Analysis of jet engine operation -Calculation of recoil velocities -Demonstration: balloon rocket or garden sprinkler -Problem-solving on recoil scenarios |
Balloons
-String -Straws -Garden sprinkler (if available) -Charts showing rocket/jet engines -Calculator -Worked examples |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 86-87
|
|
| 5 | 1 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Friction - Types and Laws
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define friction and explain its molecular basis -Distinguish between static and kinetic friction -State and apply laws of friction -Understand advantages and disadvantages of friction -Identify methods of reducing friction |
Review momentum applications through Q/A
-Demonstration: block on table with increasing force -Explanation of molecular basis of friction -Discussion on types of friction: static, kinetic, rolling -Investigation of factors affecting friction -Examples of friction in daily life and technology |
Wooden blocks
-Different surfaces -Spring balance -Weights -Lubricants -Sandpaper -Charts showing friction applications -Ball bearings |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 87-90
|
|
| 5 | 2 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Friction - Types and Laws
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define friction and explain its molecular basis -Distinguish between static and kinetic friction -State and apply laws of friction -Understand advantages and disadvantages of friction -Identify methods of reducing friction |
Review momentum applications through Q/A
-Demonstration: block on table with increasing force -Explanation of molecular basis of friction -Discussion on types of friction: static, kinetic, rolling -Investigation of factors affecting friction -Examples of friction in daily life and technology |
Wooden blocks
-Different surfaces -Spring balance -Weights -Lubricants -Sandpaper -Charts showing friction applications -Ball bearings |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 87-90
|
|
| 5 | 3 |
Newton's Laws of Motion
|
Viscosity and Terminal Velocity
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define viscosity and explain its effects -Understand motion of objects through fluids -Explain terminal velocity concept -Analyze forces on falling objects in fluids -Investigate factors affecting terminal velocity |
Q/A on friction concepts
-Demonstration: steel ball falling through different liquids -Explanation of viscous drag and terminal velocity -Analysis of forces: weight, upthrust, and viscous drag -Investigation of terminal velocity using glycerine -Discussion on applications: parachutes, rain drops |
Tall measuring cylinder
-Glycerine -Steel ball bearings -Water -Stopwatch -Rubber bands -Ruler -Different viscous liquids |
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 90-93
|
|
| 5 | 4 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Introduction and Angular Displacement
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define uniform circular motion and give examples; Define angular displacement and its unit (radian); Convert between degrees and radians; Derive the relationship s = rθ; Solve Example 1 from textbook |
Q/A on linear motion concepts; Introduction to circular motion using real-life examples (merry-go-round, wheels, planets); Definition and demonstration of angular displacement; Mathematical relationship between arc length, radius and angle; Practical measurement of angles in radians; Solution of Example 1
|
Merry-go-round model or pictures; String and objects for circular motion; Protractors; Calculators; Charts showing degree-radian conversion; Measuring wheels
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 37-39
|
|
| 5 | 5 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Introduction and Angular Displacement
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define uniform circular motion and give examples; Define angular displacement and its unit (radian); Convert between degrees and radians; Derive the relationship s = rθ; Solve Example 1 from textbook |
Q/A on linear motion concepts; Introduction to circular motion using real-life examples (merry-go-round, wheels, planets); Definition and demonstration of angular displacement; Mathematical relationship between arc length, radius and angle; Practical measurement of angles in radians; Solution of Example 1
|
Merry-go-round model or pictures; String and objects for circular motion; Protractors; Calculators; Charts showing degree-radian conversion; Measuring wheels
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 37-39
|
|
| 6 | 1 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Angular Velocity and Linear Velocity
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define angular velocity (ω) and its units; Derive the relationship v = rω; Calculate period (T) and frequency (f) of circular motion; Solve Examples 2(a) and 2(b) from textbook; Relate linear and angular quantities |
Review of angular displacement through Q/A; Introduction to angular velocity concept; Mathematical derivation of v = rω relationship; Exploration of period and frequency relationships; Step-by-step solution of Examples 2(a) and 2(b); Practical demonstration using rotating objects; Group calculations involving different circular motions
|
Stopwatch; Rotating objects (turntables, wheels); String and masses; Calculators; Formula charts; Examples from textbook; Measuring equipment
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 38-40
|
|
| 6 | 2 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Angular Velocity and Linear Velocity
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define angular velocity (ω) and its units; Derive the relationship v = rω; Calculate period (T) and frequency (f) of circular motion; Solve Examples 2(a) and 2(b) from textbook; Relate linear and angular quantities |
Review of angular displacement through Q/A; Introduction to angular velocity concept; Mathematical derivation of v = rω relationship; Exploration of period and frequency relationships; Step-by-step solution of Examples 2(a) and 2(b); Practical demonstration using rotating objects; Group calculations involving different circular motions
|
Stopwatch; Rotating objects (turntables, wheels); String and masses; Calculators; Formula charts; Examples from textbook; Measuring equipment
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 38-40
|
|
| 6 | 3 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Centripetal Acceleration
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain why circular motion involves acceleration despite constant speed; Derive centripetal acceleration formula a = v²/r = rω²; Understand direction of centripetal acceleration; Solve Example 3 from textbook; Apply acceleration concepts to circular motion problems |
Q/A review of velocity and acceleration concepts; Explanation of acceleration in circular motion using vector analysis; Mathematical derivation of centripetal acceleration; Discussion of acceleration direction (toward center); Step-by-step solution of Example 3; Practical demonstration of centripetal acceleration effects
|
Vector diagrams; Rotating objects; Calculators; Charts showing acceleration derivation; Example 3 materials; Demonstration of circular motion with varying speeds
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 40-42
|
|
| 6 | 4 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Centripetal Force and Factors Affecting It
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain the need for centripetal force in circular motion; State factors affecting centripetal force (mass, speed, radius); Derive centripetal force formula F = mv²/r = mrω²; Perform Experiment 2.1 investigating F vs ω²; Solve Example 4 from textbook |
Review of Newton's laws and centripetal acceleration; Introduction to centripetal force concept; Experimental investigation of factors affecting centripetal force; Performance of Experiment 2.1 - relationship between F and ω²; Data collection and analysis; Solution of Example 4; Discussion of practical implications
|
Metal pegs; Turntable and motor; Variable resistor; Dry cell; Metal ball and string; Spring balance; Clock; Graph paper; Calculators
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 42-47
|
|
| 6 | 5 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Centripetal Force and Factors Affecting It
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain the need for centripetal force in circular motion; State factors affecting centripetal force (mass, speed, radius); Derive centripetal force formula F = mv²/r = mrω²; Perform Experiment 2.1 investigating F vs ω²; Solve Example 4 from textbook |
Review of Newton's laws and centripetal acceleration; Introduction to centripetal force concept; Experimental investigation of factors affecting centripetal force; Performance of Experiment 2.1 - relationship between F and ω²; Data collection and analysis; Solution of Example 4; Discussion of practical implications
|
Metal pegs; Turntable and motor; Variable resistor; Dry cell; Metal ball and string; Spring balance; Clock; Graph paper; Calculators
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 42-47
|
|
| 7 | 1 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Experimental Investigation of Centripetal Force
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Perform Experiment 2.2 investigating speed vs radius relationship; Plot graphs of F vs ω² and v² vs r; Analyze experimental results and draw conclusions; Understand the relationship F ∝ mv²/r; Apply experimental findings to solve problems |
Q/A on previous experiment results; Setup and performance of Experiment 2.2 - variation of speed with radius; Data collection for different radii; Graph plotting and analysis; Verification of theoretical relationships; Group analysis of experimental errors and improvements; Application of results to problem solving
|
Same apparatus as Experiment 2.1; Graph paper; Additional measuring equipment; Data recording tables; Calculators; Analysis worksheets
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 44-47
|
|
| 7 | 2 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Experimental Investigation of Centripetal Force
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Perform Experiment 2.2 investigating speed vs radius relationship; Plot graphs of F vs ω² and v² vs r; Analyze experimental results and draw conclusions; Understand the relationship F ∝ mv²/r; Apply experimental findings to solve problems |
Q/A on previous experiment results; Setup and performance of Experiment 2.2 - variation of speed with radius; Data collection for different radii; Graph plotting and analysis; Verification of theoretical relationships; Group analysis of experimental errors and improvements; Application of results to problem solving
|
Same apparatus as Experiment 2.1; Graph paper; Additional measuring equipment; Data recording tables; Calculators; Analysis worksheets
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 44-47
|
|
| 7 | 3 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Case Examples - Cars and Banking
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain circular motion of cars on level roads; Understand role of friction in providing centripetal force; Describe banking of roads and its advantages; Derive critical speed for banked tracks; Explain aircraft banking principles |
Review of centripetal force concepts; Analysis of car motion on circular bends; Discussion of friction as centripetal force; Introduction to banked roads and critical speed; Mathematical analysis of banking angles; Explanation of aircraft banking mechanisms; Problem-solving involving banking situations
|
Model cars and tracks; Inclined plane demonstrations; Charts showing banking principles; Calculators; Friction demonstration materials; Pictures of banked roads and aircraft
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 47-50
|
|
| 7 | 4 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Case Examples - Cyclists and Conical Pendulum
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Analyze forces on cyclists moving in circular tracks; Explain cyclist leaning and conditions for no skidding; Describe conical pendulum motion; Derive equations for conical pendulum; Solve Example 5 from textbook |
Q/A on banking concepts; Analysis of cyclist motion on circular tracks; Force analysis and conditions for stability; Introduction to conical pendulum; Mathematical analysis of pendulum motion; Step-by-step solution of Example 5; Practical demonstration of conical pendulum
|
Model cyclists; Pendulum apparatus; String and masses; Force diagrams; Calculators; Example 5 materials; Protractors for angle measurement
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 50-52
|
|
| 7 | 4-5 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Case Examples - Cyclists and Conical Pendulum
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Analyze forces on cyclists moving in circular tracks; Explain cyclist leaning and conditions for no skidding; Describe conical pendulum motion; Derive equations for conical pendulum; Solve Example 5 from textbook |
Q/A on banking concepts; Analysis of cyclist motion on circular tracks; Force analysis and conditions for stability; Introduction to conical pendulum; Mathematical analysis of pendulum motion; Step-by-step solution of Example 5; Practical demonstration of conical pendulum
|
Model cyclists; Pendulum apparatus; String and masses; Force diagrams; Calculators; Example 5 materials; Protractors for angle measurement
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 50-52
|
|
| 8 |
HALF TERM |
|||||||
| 9 | 1 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Motion in Vertical Circle
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Analyze forces in vertical circular motion; Understand variation of tension at different positions; Derive expressions for tension at top and bottom positions; Calculate minimum speed for vertical circular motion; Apply concepts to practical examples (bucket of water, loop-the-loop) |
Review of circular motion in horizontal plane; Introduction to vertical circular motion; Force analysis at different positions in vertical circle; Mathematical derivation of tension variations; Discussion of minimum speed requirements; Practical examples and safety considerations; Problem-solving involving vertical motion
|
String and masses for vertical motion; Bucket and water (demonstration); Model loop-the-loop track; Force analysis charts; Safety equipment; Calculators
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 52-54
|
|
| 9 | 2 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Motion in Vertical Circle
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Analyze forces in vertical circular motion; Understand variation of tension at different positions; Derive expressions for tension at top and bottom positions; Calculate minimum speed for vertical circular motion; Apply concepts to practical examples (bucket of water, loop-the-loop) |
Review of circular motion in horizontal plane; Introduction to vertical circular motion; Force analysis at different positions in vertical circle; Mathematical derivation of tension variations; Discussion of minimum speed requirements; Practical examples and safety considerations; Problem-solving involving vertical motion
|
String and masses for vertical motion; Bucket and water (demonstration); Model loop-the-loop track; Force analysis charts; Safety equipment; Calculators
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 52-54
|
|
| 9 | 3 |
Uniform Circular Motion
|
Applications - Centrifuges and Satellites
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain working principles of centrifuges; Describe separation of particles using centripetal force; Understand satellite motion and gravitational force; Apply Newton's law of gravitation to satellite orbits; Explain parking orbits and their applications |
Q/A on centripetal force applications; Detailed study of centrifuge operation; Analysis of particle separation mechanisms; Introduction to satellite motion; Application of universal gravitation law; Discussion of geostationary satellites; Analysis of satellite velocities and orbital periods
|
Centrifuge model or pictures; Separation demonstration materials; Satellite orbit charts; Calculators; Newton's gravitation materials; Model solar system
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 54-55
|
|
| 9 | 4 |
Floating and Sinking
|
Introduction and Cause of Upthrust
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain why objects feel lighter in fluids; Define upthrust and identify its effects; Perform Experiment 3.1 investigating upthrust and weight of fluid displaced; Derive mathematical expression for upthrust using pressure concepts; Verify Archimedes' principle experimentally |
Q/A on pressure in liquids; Introduction using steel ferry floating on water; Performance of Experiment 3.1 - relationship between upthrust and weight of displaced fluid; Mathematical derivation of upthrust U = ρVg; Analysis of experimental results; Discussion of pressure differences causing upthrust
|
Spring balance; Objects (stones); String; Eureka can; Beaker; Water; Measuring cylinder; Beam balance; Dense objects; Charts showing pressure variation
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 58-63
|
|
| 9 | 5 |
Floating and Sinking
|
Introduction and Cause of Upthrust
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain why objects feel lighter in fluids; Define upthrust and identify its effects; Perform Experiment 3.1 investigating upthrust and weight of fluid displaced; Derive mathematical expression for upthrust using pressure concepts; Verify Archimedes' principle experimentally |
Q/A on pressure in liquids; Introduction using steel ferry floating on water; Performance of Experiment 3.1 - relationship between upthrust and weight of displaced fluid; Mathematical derivation of upthrust U = ρVg; Analysis of experimental results; Discussion of pressure differences causing upthrust
|
Spring balance; Objects (stones); String; Eureka can; Beaker; Water; Measuring cylinder; Beam balance; Dense objects; Charts showing pressure variation
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 58-63
|
|
| 10 | 1 |
Floating and Sinking
|
Upthrust in Gases and Archimedes' Principle
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain upthrust in gases with examples; State Archimedes' principle clearly; Apply Archimedes' principle to solve problems; Solve Examples 1, 2, and 3 from textbook; Calculate apparent weight and upthrust in different fluids |
Review of upthrust in liquids through Q/A; Discussion of upthrust in gases using balloon examples; Statement and explanation of Archimedes' principle; Step-by-step solution of Examples 1-3; Problem-solving involving apparent weight calculations; Group work on upthrust calculations
|
Balloons; Helium or hydrogen (if available); Objects of known density; Calculators; Examples from textbook; Different liquids for demonstration; Measuring equipment
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 60-66
|
|
| 10 | 2 |
Floating and Sinking
|
Upthrust in Gases and Archimedes' Principle
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain upthrust in gases with examples; State Archimedes' principle clearly; Apply Archimedes' principle to solve problems; Solve Examples 1, 2, and 3 from textbook; Calculate apparent weight and upthrust in different fluids |
Review of upthrust in liquids through Q/A; Discussion of upthrust in gases using balloon examples; Statement and explanation of Archimedes' principle; Step-by-step solution of Examples 1-3; Problem-solving involving apparent weight calculations; Group work on upthrust calculations
|
Balloons; Helium or hydrogen (if available); Objects of known density; Calculators; Examples from textbook; Different liquids for demonstration; Measuring equipment
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 60-66
|
|
| 10 | 3 |
Floating and Sinking
|
Law of Flotation and Applications
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Perform Experiment 3.2 investigating upthrust on floating objects; State the law of flotation; Explain the relationship between weight of object and weight of displaced fluid; Solve Examples 4, 5, 6, and 7 involving floating objects; Apply law of flotation to balloons and ships |
Q/A on Archimedes' principle; Performance of Experiment 3.2 - investigating floating objects; Analysis of experimental observations; Statement of law of flotation; Step-by-step solution of Examples 4-7; Discussion of applications in balloons, ships, and everyday objects
|
Test tubes; Sand; Measuring cylinder; Water; Balance; Floating objects; Examples from textbook; Calculators; Model boats; Balloon demonstrations
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 64-69
|
|
| 10 | 4 |
Floating and Sinking
|
Relative Density Determination
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define relative density of solids and liquids; Use Archimedes' principle to determine relative density; Apply the formula: RD = Weight in air/(Weight in air - Weight in fluid); Solve Examples 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 from textbook; Calculate relative density using different methods |
Review of density concepts through Q/A; Introduction to relative density using practical examples; Mathematical derivation of relative density formulae; Step-by-step solution of Examples 8-12; Practical determination of relative density for various materials; Group calculations and comparisons
|
Spring balance; Various solid objects; Different liquids; Measuring cylinders; Calculators; Examples from textbook; Objects of unknown density; Data recording sheets
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 69-74
|
|
| 10 | 5 |
Floating and Sinking
|
Relative Density Determination
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define relative density of solids and liquids; Use Archimedes' principle to determine relative density; Apply the formula: RD = Weight in air/(Weight in air - Weight in fluid); Solve Examples 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 from textbook; Calculate relative density using different methods |
Review of density concepts through Q/A; Introduction to relative density using practical examples; Mathematical derivation of relative density formulae; Step-by-step solution of Examples 8-12; Practical determination of relative density for various materials; Group calculations and comparisons
|
Spring balance; Various solid objects; Different liquids; Measuring cylinders; Calculators; Examples from textbook; Objects of unknown density; Data recording sheets
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 69-74
|
|
| 11 | 1 |
Floating and Sinking
|
Archimedes' Principle and Moments
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Perform Experiment 3.3 determining relative density using moments; Understand the principle of moments in relative density determination; Plot graphs of d₁ against d₂ and determine slopes; Apply moments method to determine relative density of liquids; Explain advantages of moments method over direct weighing |
Q/A on relative density calculations; Setup and performance of Experiment 3.3 - relative density using moments; Data collection and graph plotting; Analysis of graph slopes and their significance; Application to liquids determination; Discussion of method advantages and accuracy
|
Metre rule; Clamps and stands; Solid objects; Metal blocks; Water and other liquids; Graph paper; Calculators; Data recording tables; Balance setup materials
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 71-74
|
|
| 11 | 2 |
Floating and Sinking
|
Archimedes' Principle and Moments
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Perform Experiment 3.3 determining relative density using moments; Understand the principle of moments in relative density determination; Plot graphs of d₁ against d₂ and determine slopes; Apply moments method to determine relative density of liquids; Explain advantages of moments method over direct weighing |
Q/A on relative density calculations; Setup and performance of Experiment 3.3 - relative density using moments; Data collection and graph plotting; Analysis of graph slopes and their significance; Application to liquids determination; Discussion of method advantages and accuracy
|
Metre rule; Clamps and stands; Solid objects; Metal blocks; Water and other liquids; Graph paper; Calculators; Data recording tables; Balance setup materials
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 71-74
|
|
| 11 | 3 |
Floating and Sinking
|
Applications - Hydrometer and Practical Instruments
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain the working principle of hydrometers; Describe structure and features of practical hydrometers; Solve Examples 12 and 13 involving hydrometer calculations; Understand applications in measuring density of milk, battery acid, and beer; Calculate hydrometer dimensions and floating positions |
Review of law of flotation through Q/A; Detailed study of hydrometer structure and operation; Analysis of hydrometer sensitivity and design features; Step-by-step solution of Examples 12-13; Discussion of specialized hydrometers (lactometer, battery acid hydrometer); Practical calculations involving hydrometer floating
|
Hydrometer (if available); Different density liquids; Measuring cylinders; Calculators; Examples from textbook; Charts showing hydrometer types; Battery acid hydrometer demonstration
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 74-77
|
|
| 11 | 4 |
Floating and Sinking
|
Applications - Ships, Submarines, and Balloons
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain how steel ships float on water; Describe working principle of submarines; Understand how balloons achieve lift and control altitude; Analyze the role of displaced fluid in each application; Apply principles to solve practical problems involving floating vessels |
Q/A on hydrometer applications; Analysis of ship design and floating principles; Detailed study of submarine operation and ballast tanks; Exploration of balloon physics and gas density effects; Discussion of load limits and stability; Problem-solving involving practical floating applications
|
Model ships and submarines; Balloon demonstrations; Charts showing ship cross-sections; Submarine ballast tank models; Different density materials; Calculators; Application examples
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 77
|
|
| 11 | 4-5 |
Floating and Sinking
|
Applications - Ships, Submarines, and Balloons
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain how steel ships float on water; Describe working principle of submarines; Understand how balloons achieve lift and control altitude; Analyze the role of displaced fluid in each application; Apply principles to solve practical problems involving floating vessels |
Q/A on hydrometer applications; Analysis of ship design and floating principles; Detailed study of submarine operation and ballast tanks; Exploration of balloon physics and gas density effects; Discussion of load limits and stability; Problem-solving involving practical floating applications
|
Model ships and submarines; Balloon demonstrations; Charts showing ship cross-sections; Submarine ballast tank models; Different density materials; Calculators; Application examples
|
KLB Secondary Physics Form 4, Pages 77
|
|
| 12 |
END TERM EXAMS |
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| 13 |
CLOSING |
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