Social Studies and Personal Management

Self-Improvement – Personality traits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe personality traits for self-understanding
- Identify personality traits that define their personal characteristics
- Show interest in understanding their personality

- Choose the animal that best defines their personal characteristics from a list of pre-selected animals, then discuss the outcome with the class
- Discuss the meaning of personality traits such as agreeableness, extroversion, neuroticism, openness and conscientiousness
- Describe the personality traits of classmates

Which animal best reflects your personal characteristics?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 1
- Digital resources
- Video clips on personality traits
- Charts on personality traits

- Observation - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Social Studies and Personal Management

Self-Improvement – Personality traits and video analysis
Self-Improvement – Goals for self-improvement in social life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyse personality traits from video clips
- Relate personality traits to real-life situations
- Appreciate different personality traits in people

- Watch a video clip on personality traits and discuss
- Describe the personality traits shown in the video clip
- Share personality traits portrayed by animals with other classmates

How do personality traits influence our behaviour?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 1
- Digital resources
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 3
- Video clips of successful career individuals

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Social Studies and Personal Management

Self-Improvement – Values in development of personality traits
Self-Esteem Assessment – Contribution of self-esteem on holistic development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of values in the development of personality traits
- Apply values in self-improvement
- Appreciate the role of values in the development of personality traits

- Watch a video clip of a successful career individual in social life that reflect on their traits
- Role-play a skit depicting values in their dream career choice in Social Studies
- Debate on the importance of upholding positive values in development of personality traits

How do values help in development of personality traits?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 4
- Digital resources
- Charts on values
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 5
- Internet access
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Role-play assessment

Social Studies and Personal Management

Self-Esteem Assessment – Effects of unhealthy self-esteem
Self-Esteem Assessment – Assessing self-esteem in social interactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Determine effects of unhealthy self-esteem in day-to-day social lives
- Identify factors that influence self-esteem
- Desire to build healthy self-esteem

- Act out and discuss skits on examples of difficult life experiences that could severely affect self-esteem in their social lives
- Discuss and present effects of unhealthy self-esteem such as relationship difficulties and social isolation
- Identify ways of building a healthy self-esteem

What are the effects of unhealthy self-esteem in our social lives?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 7
- Digital resources
- Flashcards on effects of unhealthy self-esteem
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 9
- Self-assessment cards
- Case studies

- Observation - Oral questions - Skit assessment

Social Studies and Personal Management
People and Relationships

Self-Esteem Assessment – Improving self-esteem
Scientific Theory about Human Origin - The Evolution Theory

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify actions to improve self-esteem
- Design a self-esteem journal
- Desire to improve their self-esteem for personal productivity

- Journalise actions they will take to improve their self-esteem
- Complete a self-esteem journal with things they like about themselves, qualities that make them unique, and things they are grateful for
- Share about experiences that could have lowered self-esteem and advise each other

What actions can we take to improve our self-esteem?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 10
- Digital resources
- Self-esteem journal templates
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 20
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Marker pens

- Observation - Oral questions - Journal assessment

People and Relationships

Scientific Theory about Human Origin - Stages of Human Evolution
Scientific Theory about Human Origin - Changes in Humans due to Evolution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the different stages of human evolution
- Draw charts showing stages of human evolution
- Appreciate the process of human evolution

- Use digital devices or textbooks to search for different stages of evolution
- Draw charts showing stages of human evolution from earliest to most recent
- Display charts in class for others to see

What are the different stages through which humans evolved?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 21
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Digital devices
- Pictures of human evolution stages
- Charts

- Oral questions - Project work - Observation

People and Relationships

Scientific Theory about Human Origin - Conclusions on Human Origin
Scientific Theory about Human Origin - Preservation of Early Human Remains

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw conclusions on origin of humanity based on scientific theory
- Explain key aspects of scientific theory
- Appreciate scientific evidence on human origin

- Research on scientific theory used to explain human origin
- Make conclusions based on natural selection, variation, and survival for the fittest
- Share findings with peers

What conclusions can be drawn about human origin from scientific theory?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 23
- Digital devices
- Newspapers
- Flash cards
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 25
- Pictures of mummified remains
- Video clips
- Resource person

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

People and Relationships

Scientific Theory about Human Origin - Africa as the Cradle of Humanity
Early Civilisation - Early Visitors to the East African Coast

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain reasons why Africa is considered the cradle of humanity
- Locate pre-historic sites on the map of Africa
- Recognise Africa's significance in human origin

- Read article on reasons Africa is the cradle for humanity
- Draw map of Africa showing pre-historic sites
- Discuss reasons such as oldest fossils, favourable climate, and central location

Why is Africa considered the cradle of humanity?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 27
- Map of Africa
- Atlas
- Digital devices
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 32
- Maps of Europe and Asia

- Oral questions - Written tests - Project work

People and Relationships

Early Civilisation - Reasons for Coming to East African Coast
Early Civilisation - The Swahili Civilisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain reasons why early visitors came to the East African Coast
- Describe the effects of interaction between East Africa and outside world
- Appreciate cultural exchange through early contacts

- Discuss reasons for early visitors coming to East African Coast
- Complete table matching early visitors to their countries of origin
- Share findings with classmates

Why did the early visitors come to the East African Coast?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 32
- Maps
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 33
- Digital devices
- Approved textbooks
- Maps

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

People and Relationships

Early Civilisation - Factors for Growth of Swahili Civilisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain factors that led to growth of Swahili civilisation
- Describe how trade contributed to growth of city states
- Appreciate factors that promote civilisation

- Read about factors that led to growth of Swahili civilisation
- Discuss factors such as good climate, natural harbours, and Indian Ocean trade
- Write summary notes

What factors led to the growth of Swahili civilisation along the East African Coast?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 34
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Journal entries

- Oral questions - Written tests - Group discussions

People and Relationships

Early Civilisation - East African City States

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the major East African city states
- Explain how Islamic religion united people in city states
- Show interest in historical urban development

- Research on major East African city states
- Discuss how migration and settlement led to establishment of urban centres
- Share findings in class

How did the East African city states develop and what united them?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 34
- Maps
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests

People and Relationships

Early Civilisation - Best Practices from Early Civilisations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify best practices from early civilisations
- Explain how irrigation and masonry skills developed
- Value contributions of early civilisations

- Study pictures of dhows, makuti houses, and basin irrigation
- Discuss how early civilisation led to modern world practices
- Make summary of discussion

What best practices from early civilisations are still used today?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 35
- Pictures
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests

People and Relationships

Early Civilisation - Contributions to Modern World

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Assess contributions of early civilisation to modern world
- Explain developments in architecture, agriculture, and writings
- Appreciate historical contributions to modern life

- Assess contributions such as irrigation technology, calendar, hieroglyphics
- Role-play best practices from early civilisation
- Share findings with classmates

How have early civilisations contributed to the development of the modern world?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 36
- Digital devices
- Video documentaries
- Charts

- Oral questions - Role play - Written tests

People and Relationships

Early Civilisation - Appreciating Cultural Heritage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compose creative works on early civilisation
- Debate on validity of early civilisation contributions
- Desire to preserve cultural heritage

- Compose and recite poem on contribution of early civilisation
- Debate on practices from early civilisation contributing to modern world
- Share poems with friends

Why is cultural heritage important to society?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 37
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Debate - Creative writing

People and Relationships

Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - Factors for Development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify factors that led to development of Trans-Saharan slave trade
- Explain the strategic location of Sahara Desert
- Show concern about historical injustices

- Study presentation on factors that led to Trans-Saharan slave trade
- Discuss factors such as strategic location, powerful empires, demand for gold and salt
- Write summary notes

What factors led to the development of Trans-Saharan slave trade in Africa?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 39
- Maps
- Digital devices
- Projector

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

People and Relationships

Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - Organisation of the Trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the organisation of Trans-Saharan slave trade
- Identify trade routes and trading cities
- Develop critical thinking about slave trade

- Study map showing Trans-Saharan slave trade routes
- Draw map and locate trade routes
- Discuss organisation including people involved and commodities traded

How was the Trans-Saharan slave trade organised?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 40
- Maps of West Africa
- Digital devices
- Atlas

- Oral questions - Map work - Written tests

People and Relationships

Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - People and Commodities in the Trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify people involved in Trans-Saharan slave trade
- List commodities traded besides slaves
- Analyse the role of different participants

- Read newspaper article about organisation of Trans-Saharan slave trade
- Identify sources and destinations of slaves
- Research on caravan and transport systems

Who were the main participants in Trans-Saharan slave trade and what was traded?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 40
- Newspaper extracts
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written tests - Research work

People and Relationships

Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - Effects on Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline effects of Trans-Saharan slave trade in Africa
- Explain social, economic, and political effects
- Show empathy for victims of slave trade

- Study pictures showing effects of Trans-Saharan slave trade
- Discuss effects on social, economic, and political organisation
- Make summary notes

What were the effects of Trans-Saharan slave trade on Africa?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 42
- Pictures
- Charts
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written tests - Group discussions

People and Relationships

Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - Spread of Islam and Cultural Effects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how slave trade facilitated spread of Islam
- Describe cultural and religious effects of slave trade
- Analyse long-term impacts of slave trade

- Discuss cultural and religious effects of slave trade
- Explain how enslaved people converted to Islam
- Research on rise of slave raiding states

How did Trans-Saharan slave trade affect culture and religion in Africa?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 43
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

People and Relationships

Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - Promoting Social Justice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate assertiveness in promotion of social justice
- Create awareness messages against modern slavery
- Desire to promote social justice in society

- Prepare slogans and posters promoting social justice
- Compose songs to promote social justice
- Participate in Freedom Walk activities

How can we demonstrate assertiveness in promoting social justice against slavery?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 44
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Social media platforms

- Oral questions - Creative work - Observation

People and Relationships

Population Growth in Africa - Causes of Population Growth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore causes of population growth in Africa
- Explain factors such as improved healthcare and high birth rates
- Show interest in demographic studies

- Study pictures showing causes of population growth
- Brainstorm in groups causes of population growth
- Design poster on causes of population growth

What are the main causes of population growth in Africa?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 46
- Pictures
- Manila papers
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Observation - Project work

People and Relationships

Population Growth in Africa - Effects of Population Growth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine effects of population growth in Africa
- Explain both positive and negative effects
- Analyse impact of population growth on resources

- Use digital devices to research effects of population growth
- Read and recite poem on effects of population growth
- Debate on advantages and disadvantages of population growth

What are the effects of population growth in Africa?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 48
- Digital devices
- Poems
- Charts

- Oral questions - Debate - Written tests

People and Relationships

Population Growth in Africa - Types of Migration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of migration in Africa
- Differentiate between emigration and immigration
- Appreciate reasons for human movement

- Discuss types of migration including rural-urban, emigration, immigration
- Match types of migration with their descriptions
- Share work with classmates

What are the different types of migration in Africa?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 49
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written tests - Matching exercises

People and Relationships

Population Growth in Africa - Factors Influencing Migration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain factors that influence migration in Africa
- Analyse push and pull factors of migration
- Value stability in communities

- Research on factors that influence migration in Africa
- Complete table on factors influencing migration
- Listen to resource person discuss effects of migration

What factors influence migration in Africa?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 50
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

People and Relationships

Population Growth in Africa - Demographic Trends in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Illustrate demographic trends in Kenya
- Draw graphs representing population data
- Develop skills in data interpretation

- Research on Kenya census data of 2019
- Draw bar graph showing population growth since 1989
- Draw line graph comparing males and females by age group

How has Kenya's population changed over time?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 51
- Census data
- Graph papers
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Graph work - Written tests

People and Relationships

Population Growth in Africa - Creating Awareness on Effects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create awareness on effects of population growth in community
- Develop posters on population growth effects
- Appreciate importance of population planning

- Study poster showing effects of population growth in community
- Discuss how community can handle each effect
- Develop and display posters on effects of population growth

How can we create awareness on effects of population growth in our community?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 52
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Noticeboard

- Oral questions - Project work - Observation

People and Relationships

Diversity and Interpersonal Skills - Socio-cultural Diversities in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore socio-cultural diversities in Kenya
- Explain differences in cultural practices among communities
- Appreciate cultural diversity

- Study pictures of different traditional costumes
- Discuss meaning of socio-cultural diversity and inclusion
- Search for various socio-cultural diversities in Kenya

What are the different socio-cultural diversities in Kenya?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 55
- Pictures of traditional costumes
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests

People and Relationships

Diversity and Interpersonal Skills - Cultural Practices and Beliefs
Diversity and Interpersonal Skills - Celebrating Cultural Diversities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe cultural practices and beliefs of Kenyan communities
- Compare worship practices across communities
- Respect different cultural beliefs

- Listen to radio lesson on socio-cultural diversities
- Discuss cultural practices such as worship, initiation, and marriage
- Make summary notes

How do cultural practices and beliefs differ among Kenyan communities?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 56
- Radio
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 57
- Pictures
- Musical instruments
- Traditional costumes

- Oral questions - Written tests - Group discussions

People and Relationships

Diversity and Interpersonal Skills - Building Healthy Self-esteem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of building healthy self-esteem in diverse society
- Identify personal strengths and build confidence
- Desire to improve self-esteem

- Discuss ways of building self-esteem such as loving oneself and setting goals
- Fill in questionnaire on self-esteem
- Prepare declaration cards with positive messages

How can we build healthy self-esteem in a diverse socio-cultural society?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 58
- Questionnaires
- Cards
- Marker pens

- Oral questions - Questionnaire - Observation

People and Relationships

Diversity and Interpersonal Skills - Impact of Emotions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the impact of emotions on self and others
- Explain how emotions affect decision-making
- Manage personal emotions effectively

- Read story about Babado and discuss emotional impact
- Find out how anger, happiness, fear, and sadness affect interactions
- Use digital devices to research impact of emotions

How do emotions affect our interactions with ourselves and others?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 59
- Stories
- Pictures
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

People and Relationships

Diversity and Interpersonal Skills - Managing Peer Pressure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of managing peer pressure
- Demonstrate assertiveness in dealing with peer pressure
- Value personal principles and boundaries

- Discuss ways of managing peer pressure such as being clear with values and saying NO
- Read scenarios and discuss responses to peer pressure
- Role play situations involving peer pressure

How can we manage peer pressure in a culturally diverse environment?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 60
- Scenarios
- Charts
- Role play props

- Oral questions - Role play - Observation

People and Relationships

Diversity and Interpersonal Skills - Promoting Cultural Diversity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of promoting social cultural diversity
- Create awareness messages on cultural diversity
- Appreciate Kenya's rich cultural heritage

- Study picture showing cultural diversity
- Read poster on ways of promoting social cultural diversity
- Compose and recite poems on social cultural diversities

How can we promote respect and appreciation of socio-cultural diversity?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 61
- Pictures
- Posters
- Manila papers

- Oral questions - Creative writing - Debate

People and Relationships

Diversity and Interpersonal Skills - Appreciating Cultural Diversities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate appreciation of socio-cultural diversities
- Participate in inter-cultural activities
- Desire to preserve cultural heritage

- Participate in drama, music, and inter-cultural fairs
- Organise cultural week with presentations from different cultures
- Debate on respecting social cultural diversities

Why should we appreciate socio-cultural diversities in Kenya?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 62
- Traditional costumes
- Digital devices
- Musical instruments

- Oral questions - Performance - Observation

People and Relationships

Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Situations Leading to Conflicts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify situations that lead to conflicts in the family
- Explain how different factors cause family conflicts
- Show concern for family harmony

- Study picture showing family conflict
- Research on situations that may lead to conflicts in family
- Discuss situations such as peer pressure, lack of respect, economic hardships

What situations may lead to conflicts in a family?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 63
- Pictures
- Digital devices
- Mind maps

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

People and Relationships

Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Peaceful Methods of Resolving Conflicts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain peaceful ways of resolving conflicts
- Differentiate between negotiation, mediation, and arbitration
- Value peaceful conflict resolution

- Find meanings of negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and litigation
- Read class discussion on peaceful methods of resolving conflicts
- Compare mediation and arbitration

What are the peaceful ways of resolving conflicts in the family?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 64
- Dictionary
- Charts
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written tests - Group discussions

People and Relationships

Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Applying Conflict Resolution Methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply peaceful methods to resolve family conflicts
- Compose creative works on conflict resolution
- Demonstrate skills in peaceful conflict resolution

- Discuss peaceful methods of resolving family conflicts in panel
- Compose peace poem on methods of resolving family conflicts
- Share poems in class

How can we apply peaceful methods to resolve conflicts in our families?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 65
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Poems

- Oral questions - Creative writing - Panel discussion

People and Relationships

Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Strategies for Effective Communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design strategies for effective communication in resolving conflicts
- Create posters with peace messages
- Value effective communication in conflict resolution

- Act out skit on Nyumba Kumi or community Baraza resolving conflicts
- Create posters and placards with peace messages
- Compose songs with peace messages

How can effective communication help in resolving conflicts?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 66
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Props for skit

- Oral questions - Skit performance - Project work

People and Relationships

Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Building Healthy Relationships

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of building healthy relationships
- Differentiate between healthy and unhealthy relationships
- Desire to maintain healthy relationships

- Discuss how relationships influence individuals
- Read scenarios about Chris, Jabez, Angela, and Grace
- Identify healthy and unhealthy relationships

How can we build healthy relationships to promote peace in the family?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 67
- Scenarios
- Pictures
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

People and Relationships

Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Values in Building Relationships

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify values that build healthy relationships
- Explain how honesty, responsibility, and kindness promote peace
- Practise values that promote family harmony

- Study pictures showing healthy relationships
- Discuss ways of building healthy relationships such as speaking truth and respecting boundaries
- Read flashcards on values that build healthy relationships

What values help build healthy relationships in the family?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 69
- Pictures
- Flash cards
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

People and Relationships

Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Showing Empathy to Survivors
Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Appreciating Culture of Peace

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate ways of showing empathy to survivors of conflicts
- Practise active listening and supportive behaviour
- Show compassion to those affected by conflicts

- Study picture showing empathy
- Role play skit showing empathy to survivor of conflict
- Visit rescue centres and show empathy to survivors

How can we show empathy to survivors of conflicts in the family?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 70
- Pictures
- Props for role play
- Rescue centres
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 71
- Placards
- Journals
- Peace quotes

- Oral questions - Role play - Report writing