Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Protons, electrons and neutrons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term atom
- Describe the structure of an atom
- Show interest in learning about atoms

- Discuss the meaning of an atom and illustrate its structure
- Search the Internet or use reference books to get information about the atom
- Draw the structure of an atom

How is the structure of the atom important?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 1
- Digital resources
- Internet access and reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Protons, electrons and neutrons
Structure of the atom - Atomic number and mass number
Structure of the atom - Atomic number and mass number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the subatomic particles in an atom
- Explain the location and electrical charges of subatomic particles
- Show interest in the study of atoms

- Discuss the composition of an atom
- Locate the components within the atom
- Discuss the electrical charges of protons, electrons and neutrons

How small are atoms and are they divisible?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 1
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Charts showing atomic structure
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 2
- Periodic table
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 3

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement
Structure of the atom - Energy level diagrams
Structure of the atom - Energy level diagrams
Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals
Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of electron arrangement
- State the rules of electron arrangement
- Write electron arrangements of elements

- Draw electron dot or cross diagrams for various elements
- Label the energy levels correctly
- Appreciate the importance of energy level diagrams

- Search for information about electron arrangement
- Discuss energy levels and their electron capacities
- Practice writing electron arrangements
- Draw dot or cross diagrams for elements
- Compare diagrams with charts
- Display completed diagrams for assessment

How are electrons arranged in an atom?
What information can be derived from energy level diagrams?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 5
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Periodic table
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 7
- Manila paper and felt pens
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 7
- Charts
- Manila paper
- Colored pencils
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 8
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Periodic table

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Portfolio assessment - Peer evaluation

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Model the atomic structure
Structure of the atom - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify locally available materials for modeling atoms
- Plan how to model the atomic structure
- Show interest in modeling atoms

- Brainstorm and visualize atomic models
- Identify materials needed for modeling
- Discuss and refine steps for construction

How can we model the structure of selected elements?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 9
- Locally available materials
- Reference books
- Internet access
- Glue, scissors, colored papers
- Markers and labels
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 10
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions

- Observation - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Physical properties of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify metals and non-metals in the environment
- List characteristics used to identify metals
- Show interest in identifying metals and non-metals

- Walk around the school compound to identify metallic and non-metallic substances
- Discuss reasons for identification
- Compare findings with other groups

How would you identify metallic and non-metallic substances in your environment?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 12
- Various metallic and non-metallic objects
- Writing materials
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Charts showing melting points
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 13
- Dry cells, connecting wires
- Metallic samples
- Bulbs and crocodile clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Physical properties of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate thermal conductivity of metals
- Compare thermal conductivity of different metals
- Appreciate the importance of thermal conductivity

- Set up apparatus to test thermal conductivity
- Heat metal rods and observe effects
- Compare conductivity of different metals

What makes metals good thermal conductors?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 14
- Metal rods
- Candles, matches
- Heat source
- Clamp and stand
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 15
- Iron nails, copper wire
- Zinc rod, hammer
- Iron block
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 16
- Internet access
- Print media
- Wire samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Composition of alloys
Metals and Alloys - Uses of metals and alloys
Metals and Alloys - Uses of metals and alloys
Metals and Alloys - Rusting
Metals and Alloys - Rusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define what an alloy is
- Describe the composition of common alloys
- Show interest in learning about alloys

- Identify uses of common alloys in daily life
- Relate the properties of alloys to their uses
- Appreciate the importance of alloys

- Search for information on alloy production
- Discuss the composition of common alloys
- Present findings in a table
- Search for information on uses of alloys
- Compile findings in a table format
- Present findings to class

What are alloys and how are they made?
How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 18
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Alloy samples
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 19
- Padlocks, keys, door hinges
- Spoons, kitchen knives
- Water taps, rivets
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 21
- Metal samples
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 21
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Alloy samples
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 23
- Rusted metal samples
- Test tubes, nails
- Water, oil, cotton wool
- Anhydrous calcium chloride

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Rusting
Metals and Alloys - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the effects of rusting
- Discuss the economic impact of rusting
- Appreciate the importance of preventing rusting

- Discuss the effects of rusting
- Examine rusted items
- Calculate the cost of replacing rusted items

What are the effects of rusting?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 24
- Rusted metal samples
- Internet access
- Reference books
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 25
- Materials for demonstrations
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 26
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Physical properties of water
Water Hardness - Hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the physical properties of water
- Test for the color of different water samples
- Show interest in investigating water properties

- Observe water samples of different colors
- Compare water samples with color chart
- Record observations

What are the physical properties of water?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 27
- Boiling tubes
- Colored solutions
- Test tubes rack
- Color chart
- Water samples
- Beakers
- Test tubes
- Droppers
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 28
- Beaker, thermometer
- Heat source
- Tripod stand, clamp
- Distilled water
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 29
- Liquid soap
- Test tubes with corks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define hard and soft water
- Explain the causes of water hardness
- Show interest in water hardness

- Search for information on hard and soft water
- Discuss causes of water hardness
- Present findings to class

What causes water to be hard?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 29
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Water samples
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 30
- Hard water samples
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Hard and soft water
Water Hardness - Methods of softening hard water
Water Hardness - Methods of softening hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline disadvantages of hard water
- Explain problems caused by hard water
- Appreciate the importance of understanding water hardness

- Soften hard water by adding sodium carbonate
- Test the effectiveness of chemical treatment
- Show interest in water treatment

- Research disadvantages of hard water
- Discuss effects on soap usage and appliances
- Present findings to class
- Add sodium carbonate to hard water
- Filter the mixture
- Test water before and after treatment

What problems are associated with hard water?
How effective is sodium carbonate in softening hard water?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 31
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Scaled kettle elements
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 32
- Charts
- Calcium hydrogen carbonate solution
- Soap solution
- Heat source
- Test tubes
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 33
- Calcium hydrogen carbonate solution
- Sodium carbonate
- Filter paper and funnel
- Soap solution
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 34
- Round-bottomed flask
- Liebig condenser
- Heat source
- Hard water samples
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 35
- Previous experimental results
- Reference books
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Force and Energy
Force and Energy

Water Hardness - Review and assessment
Waves - Generation of waves
Waves - Classification of waves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about water hardness
- Attempt questions on water hardness
- Show confidence in understanding water hardness

- Review key concepts
- Answer revision questions
- Discuss solutions to problems

Why is understanding water hardness important in daily life?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 36
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- Reference books
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 170
- Water in a basin
- Drum
- Speaker connected to radio
- Small stones
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 172
- Slinky spring
- Rope
- Smooth surface
- Rigid support

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Waves - Classification of waves
Waves - Characteristics of waves
Waves - Characteristics of waves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Generate transverse waves
- Describe characteristics of transverse waves
- Compare longitudinal and transverse waves

- Use a slinky spring to generate transverse waves
- Observe particle displacement direction
- Create comparison charts

How do transverse waves differ from longitudinal waves?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 173
- Slinky spring
- Rope
- Smooth surface
- Rigid support
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 175
- Meter rule
- Chalk
- Drawing materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 177

- Observation - Practical skills assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Waves - Frequency and periodic time
Waves - Speed of a wave

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define frequency and periodic time
- Measure periodic time
- Calculate frequency from periodic time

- Demonstrate frequency and periodic time
- Measure time for complete oscillations
- Calculate frequency from measurements

What is the relationship between frequency and periodic time?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 180
- Slinky spring
- Meter rule
- Stopwatch
- Chalk
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 181
- Calculators
- Graph paper
- Reference materials
- Problem sets
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 183

- Observation - Calculation skills assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Waves - Speed of a wave
Waves - Properties of waves
Waves - Properties of waves
Waves - Properties of waves
Waves - Remote sensing
Waves - Remote sensing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve complex problems using wave equation
- Explain the relationship between wavelength and frequency
- Apply wave concepts to real situations

- Demonstrate diffraction of waves
- Explain the factors affecting diffraction
- Show interest in wave behavior

- Work through more complex wave problems
- Discuss how the wave equation applies in real scenarios
- Create a concept map of wave relationships
- Set up a ripple tank with barriers having gaps
- Observe spreading of waves through gaps
- Investigate the effect of gap size

How does changing one wave parameter affect others?
How do waves spread around obstacles or through openings?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 184
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Problem sets
- Chart paper
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 186
- Ripple tank
- Straight edge
- Metal reflectors
- Water
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 187
- Glass block
- Wave generator
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 188
- Ripple tank
- Metal barriers
- Water
- Wave generator
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 189
- Digital resources
- Photographs
- Internet connectivity
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 190
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Problem-solving assessment - Concept map evaluation
- Observation - Practical skills assessment - Written reports

Force and Energy

Waves - Applications of waves
Waves - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of waves in medicine
- Explain how waves are used in medical imaging
- Show interest in medical applications

- Research applications of waves in medicine
- Discuss ultrasound, X-rays, and MRI scans
- Create presentations on medical applications

How are waves applied in medical imaging?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 191
- Digital resources
- Internet connectivity
- Presentation materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 192
- Poster materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 193
- Chart materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 194
- Table templates
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 195
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- Reference materials

- Observation - Presentations - Written assignments