Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Types of raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of raised platforms used in performing tasks
- Explain the characteristics of different raised platforms
- Appreciate the importance of using appropriate raised platforms

- Walk around the school to explore types of raised platforms (ladders, trestles, steps, stands, mobile raised platforms, work benches, ramps)
- Brainstorm on the types of raised platforms used in day-to-day life
- Discuss the characteristics of different types of raised platforms

What types of raised platforms are commonly used in workplaces?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Visual aids showing raised platforms
- Real objects (ladders, trestles, steps)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Workbenches and ladders
Safety on Raised Platforms - Risks associated with raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - More risks (electrocution, unstable surfaces, collapse)
Safety on Raised Platforms - Additional risks and safety measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe different types of workbenches
- Classify various types of ladders
- Show interest in learning about raised platforms

- Use visual aids to identify wood and metal workbenches
- Discuss types of ladders (straight, tripod, step stool, step ladder)
- Compare uses of different raised platforms

How do different types of raised platforms serve specific purposes?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 1
- Pictures of workbenches
- Ladder samples
- Digital resources
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 5
- Visual aids showing risks
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 6
- Pictures showing risks
- Charts on safety
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 7
- Visual aids
- Safety equipment samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Observing safety measures (choosing platform, wearing PPE)
Safety on Raised Platforms - Safety practices and maintenance
Safety on Raised Platforms - Installation of safety features and importance
Handling Hazardous Substances - Identifying hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate working platforms for tasks
- Identify correct safety gear
- Demonstrate proper use of PPE

- Discuss meaning of 'observing safety'
- Visit workplace to observe safety practices
- Study appropriate safety gear (helmets, non-slip shoes, fall restraints)
- Practice wearing PPE correctly

What safety equipment should be worn when working on raised platforms?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 8
- PPE samples (helmets, gloves, safety shoes)
- Digital resources
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 9
- Raised platforms for practice
- Safety equipment
- Visual aids showing correct positions
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 11
- Pictures of safety installations
- Charts on safety guidelines
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 18
- Visual aids showing hazardous substances
- Digital devices
- Safety labels

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling Hazardous Substances - Types of hazardous substances (industrial waste, paint, glue)
Handling Hazardous Substances - Petroleum products, acids, and farm chemicals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify industrial waste as hazardous
- Explain hazards of paint and glue
- Appreciate the need for careful handling

- Study industrial waste and its effects
- Discuss hazards of paint fumes
- Examine different types of glue
- Share findings on hazardous materials

Why are paint fumes considered hazardous?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 19
- Samples of paint containers
- Glue containers with labels
- Digital resources
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 20
- Pictures of petroleum products
- Acid container labels
- Farm chemical containers

- Oral questions - Observation - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling Hazardous Substances - Disinfectants, solvents, and explosive materials
Handling Hazardous Substances - Classifying hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify disinfectants and their hazards
- Describe solvents and their uses
- Explain dangers of explosive materials

- Study disinfectants (bleach, hydrogen peroxide)
- Discuss solvents (paint thinners, benzene)
- Examine explosive materials
- Share observations from locality

Why must solvents be handled with care?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 22
- Disinfectant containers
- Solvent labels
- Visual aids
- Digital devices
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 25
- Hazard symbol charts
- Classification tables
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling Hazardous Substances - Categories of hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify electronic waste
- Describe hazardous dust
- Explain biological and radioactive substances

- Study e-waste and its symbol
- Discuss hazardous dust sources
- Examine biological substances (bacteria, viruses)
- Learn about radioactive materials

What types of waste are classified as electronic waste?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 26
- E-waste samples
- Hazard symbol posters
- Digital devices
- Classification charts

- Oral questions - Checklist - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling Hazardous Substances - Safe handling procedures
Handling Hazardous Substances - Handling poisonous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Explain importance of labeling
- Demonstrate proper storage methods

- Visit locality to learn about safe handling
- Read and interpret safety labels
- Discuss emergency items (fire extinguishers, first aid kits)
- Study proper storage methods

Why should hazardous substances be clearly labeled?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 29
- Safety labels and manuals
- PPE samples
- Digital resources
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 31
- Safety labels
- PPE equipment
- Resource person

- Observation - Practical assessment - Oral questions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling Hazardous Substances - Handling corrosive and flammable substances
Handling Hazardous Substances - Importance of observing safety

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate safe handling of corrosive substances
- Practice handling flammable substances
- Show responsibility when handling hazards

- Observe demonstration of corrosive handling
- Practice handling corrosive substances safely
- Learn flammable substance procedures
- Discuss spill response measures

What precautions should be taken when handling corrosive substances?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 34
- Safety equipment
- PPE
- Visual aids
- Resource person
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 37
- Charts on safety importance
- Digital resources
- Case scenarios

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Meaning of key terms and nurturing talents
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Identifying personal talents and abilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define self-exploration, career development, talent, ability
- Explain ways of nurturing talents
- Show interest in self-development

- Use print and digital media to search meanings
- Engage resource person on talents and abilities
- Discuss ways of discovering talents
- Discuss methods of nurturing abilities

What is the difference between talent and ability?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 38
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Reference materials
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 39
- Digital resources
- Writing materials
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Nurturing talents through practice and networking
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Relating talents to career pathways

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain importance of continuous practice
- Describe role of networking in development
- Set personal development goals

- Discuss importance of recognizing talents
- Study role of making friends and networking
- Practice setting clear goals
- Track progress towards goals

Why is continuous practice important in developing talents?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 42
- Goal-setting templates
- Digital resources
- Photographs
- Charts
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 45
- Career pathway charts
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Portfolio assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ethical and unethical practices
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Choosing a career pathway

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define ethics and ethical practices
- Identify unethical practices
- Analyze case scenarios on ethics

- Use media to search meanings of ethics
- Study flash cards on ethical practices
- Discuss ethical practices (respect, fairness, honesty)
- Examine unethical practices (exploitation, discrimination)

What are ethical practices related to talent use?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 47
- Flash cards
- Case scenarios
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 49
- Career guidance materials
- Resource person
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Characteristics of oblique drawing
Oblique Projection - Dimensions and angles in oblique

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define oblique drawing
- Identify characteristics of oblique drawings
- Show interest in technical drawing

- Use print or digital media to search meaning of 'oblique drawing'
- Share findings with class
- Use visual aids to discuss characteristics
- Study three faces of objects

What is an oblique drawing?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing instruments
- Visual aids showing oblique drawings
- Digital devices
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 54
- Squared paper
- Visual aids
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Sketching cubes in oblique (right viewpoint)
Oblique Projection - Completing cube sketches with hidden lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch a square as front face
- Draw offset square for back face
- Join faces to form cube

- Study drawings showing right and left viewpoints
- Discuss procedure for sketching cubes
- Practice sketching front face on squared paper
- Sketch back face as offset

How is a cube sketched in oblique projection?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 56
- Squared paper
- Pencils
- Visual aids
- Sample sketches
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 57
- Sample completed cubes

- Practical assessment - Observation - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Drawing cubes using instruments (front face)
Oblique Projection - Completing cube construction with instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct accurate square using ruler
- Use protractor to create 45° angles
- Mark points using compass

- Discuss procedure for using instruments
- Construct square ABCD as front face
- Construct lines inclined at 45°
- Use compass to mark depth points

What instruments are needed for oblique drawing?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 59
- Drawing paper
- Pencils, rulers
- Protractors, compasses
- Set squares
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 60
- Complete set of instruments
- Visual aids
- Sample drawings

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Drawing cuboids in oblique (front face)
Oblique Projection - Completing cuboid construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct rectangle as front face
- Create 45° angles at corners
- Mark depth points for cuboid

- Construct rectangle PQRS as front face
- Bisect angles to create 45° lines
- Use compass to mark depth
- Project lines from all corners

How is a cuboid different from a cube in oblique?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 61
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing paper
- Visual aids
- Rectangles for reference
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 62
- Completed samples

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Practice drawing various dimensions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw cubes of different sizes
- Draw cuboids with various dimensions
- Demonstrate accuracy in measurements

- Practice drawing cubes of various sizes
- Practice drawing cuboids of different dimensions
- Use instruments accurately
- Check measurements carefully

How can accuracy be ensured in oblique drawings?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 63
- Drawing instruments
- Multiple sheets of paper
- Rulers for checking
- Sample problems

- Practical assessment - Observation - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Left and right viewpoints
Oblique Projection - Cavalier and cabinet projections

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between left and right viewpoints
- Draw objects from different viewpoints
- Appreciate flexibility in oblique drawing

- Study examples of left viewpoint drawings
- Study examples of right viewpoint drawings
- Practice drawing same object from both views
- Compare the two viewpoints

What is the difference between left and right viewpoints?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 56
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing paper
- Comparative samples
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 53
- Visual aids comparing types
- Reference books

- Practical assessment - Oral questions - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Application in technical fields
Oblique Projection - Benefits and importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of oblique drawings
- Identify applications in workplaces
- Appreciate importance in communication

- Visit workplace to observe oblique drawings
- Discuss observations with workers
- Study role in technical communication
- Develop portfolio of oblique drawings

How are oblique drawings used in technical communication?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 64
- Workplace examples
- Digital resources
- Portfolio materials
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 65
- Industry examples
- Charts on benefits

- Observation - Oral questions - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Review and assessment
Visual Programming - Introduction and application areas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate all learned skills
- Draw complex shapes accurately
- Apply knowledge to solve problems

- Review all oblique drawing procedures
- Complete assessment drawings
- Draw assigned shapes and objects
- Present portfolio of work

Can you draw various objects accurately in oblique projection?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 53-65
- Complete set of instruments
- Assessment papers
- Portfolio materials
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Visual aids
- Reference materials

- Practical examination - Portfolio assessment - Written test

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Application areas continued
Visual Programming - Introduction to Scratch interface

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses in mobile game development
- Describe uses in website design
- Explain multimedia content development

- Discuss mobile game development
- Study website layout design
- Examine multimedia content creation
- Visit resource center to learn more

Where is visual programming software used?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 67
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Visual aids
- Application examples
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 68
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Internet connection
- User guides

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Coding blocks in Scratch
Visual Programming - Sprites and backdrops

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify eight groups of coding blocks
- Explain functions of Motion blocks
- Explain functions of Looks blocks

- Study Motion coding blocks
- Study Looks coding blocks
- Discuss Sound and Events blocks
- Explore Control blocks

What are the different types of coding blocks in Scratch?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 68
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Coding block charts
- Visual aids
- Reference materials
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 69
- Internet connection
- Sprite examples
- Backdrop samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating simple animations
Visual Programming - Animation with looks and control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Drag and drop coding blocks
- Stack blocks in correct order
- Create simple sprite movement

- Select Motion blocks
- Drag blocks to coding area
- Stack blocks for animation
- Run simple animation script

How are coding blocks assembled to create animations?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 70
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Internet connection
- Sample animation scripts
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 71
- Sample scripts
- Reference materials

- Practical assessment - Observation - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Saving and running projects
Visual Programming - Interactive stories introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Run projects using green flag
- Stop projects using red button
- Save projects to computer

- Click green flag to run code
- Click red stop button
- Save project using File menu
- Name and store projects

How do you save a Scratch project?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 71
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Storage devices
- Visual aids
- Saved project examples
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 72
- Internet for video
- Story examples

- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating interactive stories
Visual Programming - Adding sound effects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create multi-scene stories
- Add dialogue to sprites
- Sequence story elements

- Select sprites for story characters
- Add appropriate backdrops
- Enter dialogue text
- Set sequence of story events

How do you create an interactive story with multiple scenes?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 73
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Story planning sheets
- Visual aids
- Sample stories
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 74
- Headphones/speakers
- Sound block examples

- Practical assessment - Portfolio - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Game development introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain game development in Scratch
- Understand variables in games
- Create simple game variables

- Watch video on game development
- Discuss procedure for creating games
- Learn about variables
- Create variables for scoring

What are variables used for in games?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 75
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Internet for video
- Game examples
- Visual aids

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual Programming - Creating quiz games
Visual Programming - Completing quiz games

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use 'ask' blocks for input
- Apply conditional statements
- Set scoring system

- Use Sensing blocks for questions
- Create if-then-else conditions
- Use Operators for answer checking
- Set variables for scoring

How do you create a quiz game in Scratch?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 76
- Digital devices with Scratch
- Quiz question lists
- Visual aids
- Sample quiz games
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 77
- Complete quiz examples
- Testing checklists

- Practical assessment - Observation - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies
Materials for Production

Visual Programming - Benefits and importance
Wood - Physical characteristics of trees

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain benefits of visual programming
- Describe how it enhances learning
- Appreciate its applications

- Discuss enhancement of critical thinking
- Study ease of learning programming
- Examine user-friendly features
- Share personal experiences

Why is visual programming easier than traditional programming?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 80
- Digital devices
- Comparison charts
- Visual aids
- Reference materials
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 83
- Tree samples

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Physical characteristics of timber
Wood - Examples of softwood and hardwood trees

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish softwood from hardwood by color
- Compare density of different wood types
- Develop a checklist for wood classification

- Visit workplace where wood is used
- Observe color of different types of wood
- Use saw to cut equal pieces and compare weight
- Develop checklist to classify wood as softwood or hardwood

How can we distinguish between softwood and hardwood timber?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 84
- Wood samples
- Saws
- Checklist templates
- Classification charts
- Digital resources

- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist

Materials for Production

Wood - Wood preparation and felling
Wood - Wood conversion methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define wood preparation
- Explain the process of felling trees
- Appreciate sustainable harvesting practices

- Search for meanings of wood preparation terms
- Engage resource person on wood preparation process
- Discuss felling of trees and sustainable practices
- Study how logs are cut from felled trees

What is involved in preparing wood for use?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 85
- Resource person
- Visual aids showing felling
- Digital devices
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 86
- Pictures of saws
- Conversion diagrams
- Visual aids

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Quarter sawing and wood seasoning
Wood - Artificial seasoning methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe quarter sawing method
- Explain the purpose of wood seasoning
- Identify natural seasoning methods

- Study quarter sawing method and diagrams
- Discuss purpose of wood seasoning
- Learn about air seasoning and water seasoning
- Compare natural seasoning methods

Why is wood seasoning necessary?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 87
- Conversion diagrams
- Seasoning illustrations
- Digital resources
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 88
- Kiln diagrams
- Comparison charts
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Uses of wood in workplaces
Handling Waste Materials - Identifying waste materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify items made from softwood
- Identify items made from hardwood
- Match wood types to their uses

- Visit workplace to identify wood items
- Ask workers about wood types used
- Discuss uses of wood (paper, kitchenware, furniture)
- Develop chart matching wood types to uses

How are different types of wood used in daily life?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 89
- Wood product samples
- Charts
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 93
- Collection bags
- Gloves
- Classification charts

- Practical assessment - Observation - Portfolio

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Categories of waste
Handling Waste Materials - Safe handling methods (reducing, segregation)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify waste as plastic, wood, glass, metal
- Identify electronic waste
- Recognize compostable waste

- Study different categories of waste
- Group waste into plastic, wood, glass, metal types
- Identify electronic waste items
- Separate compostable waste

How can waste materials be categorized?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 94
- Waste samples
- Sorting bins
- Classification tables
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 95
- Segregation bins
- Visual aids
- PPE equipment

- Practical assessment - Observation - Written tests

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Reusing and recycling
Handling Waste Materials - Composting and incineration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of reusing
- Describe recycling process
- Give examples of reusable items

- Study reusing of materials (bottles, crates)
- Learn about recycling process
- Examine recycled products
- Discuss benefits of reusing and recycling

How does reusing differ from recycling?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 96
- Reusable items
- Recycled products
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 97
- Compost materials
- Safety equipment

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Landfilling and disposal methods
Handling Waste Materials - Recycling projects (plastic planter)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe landfilling process
- Compare different disposal methods
- Select appropriate disposal method

- Study landfilling procedure
- Compare all waste disposal methods
- Discuss appropriate uses for each method
- Engage resource person on best practices

What is landfilling and when is it used?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 98
- Landfill diagrams
- Resource person
- Comparison charts
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 101
- Plastic bottles
- Scissors, soil
- Sponge, seedlings

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Observation

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Recycling projects (bag from T-shirt, table mat)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make bag from recycled T-shirt
- Create table mat from newspapers
- Demonstrate creativity in recycling

- Make bag from old T-shirt
- Create table mat from rolled newspapers
- Seal projects appropriately
- Display completed recycled items

What other useful items can be made from waste materials?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 102
- Old T-shirts
- Newspapers, glue
- Scissors, needle

- Practical assessment - Portfolio - Observation

Materials for Production
Tools and Production

Handling Waste Materials - Importance of proper waste handling
Holding Tools - Types of pliers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain health benefits of proper waste handling
- Describe environmental benefits
- Appreciate importance of clean environment

- Discuss protection of human health
- Study environmental benefits
- Analyze reduction of medical expenses
- Develop waste handling guidelines

Why is proper waste handling important?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 109
- Charts on importance
- Case scenarios
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 113
- Pliers samples
- Charts

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Types of clamps and vices
Holding Tools - Types of tongs and clips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of clamps
- Identify different types of vices
- Explain uses of each type

- Study G-clamp, F-clamp, sash clamp
- Examine bench vice, pipe vice, hand vice
- Discuss features making each suitable
- Name other holding tools

How do clamps differ from vices?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 114
- Clamp samples
- Vice samples
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 115
- Tong samples
- Clip samples
- Identification puzzles

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for tasks
Holding Tools - Selecting vices, tongs and clips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate pliers for task
- Select appropriate clamps for task
- Justify tool selection

- Visit workplace to observe tool selection
- Ask workers about suitable tools for tasks
- Study suited use of different pliers
- Study suited use of different clamps

How do we select the right holding tool for a task?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 117
- Tool selection guides
- Workplace examples
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 119
- Tool samples
- Selection charts
- Task scenarios

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Using pliers and clamps
Holding Tools - Using vices, tongs and clips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper use of pliers
- Demonstrate proper use of clamps
- Observe safety when using tools

- Learn steps for using pliers safely
- Practice opening and gripping with pliers
- Learn steps for using clamps
- Practice positioning and tightening clamps

How are pliers and clamps used safely?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 123
- Pliers
- Clamps
- Workpieces
- Safety equipment
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 124
- Bench vice
- Tongs
- Clips

- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Caring for holding tools
Driving Tools - Types of hammers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Clean holding tools properly
- Lubricate moving parts
- Store tools safely

- Discuss meaning of 'caring for tools'
- Practice cleaning holding tools
- Apply lubricant to moving parts
- Inspect tools for damage

How should holding tools be maintained?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 126
- Cleaning materials
- Lubricants
- Storage facilities
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 133
- Hammer samples
- Visual aids
- Charts

- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Types of mallets, screwdrivers, spanners
Driving Tools - Punches and crowbars

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of mallets
- Identify types of screwdrivers
- Identify types of spanners

- Study wooden mallet and rubber mallet
- Examine flat head and star head screwdrivers
- Study open-end, ring, and adjustable spanners
- Complete driving tools identification puzzle

What are the different types of driving tools?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 134
- Mallet samples
- Screwdriver samples
- Spanner samples
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 135
- Punch samples
- Crowbar samples
- Visual aids

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Selecting hammers and mallets
Driving Tools - Selecting screwdrivers and spanners

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate hammer for task
- Select appropriate mallet for task
- Justify tool selection decisions

- Study suited use of claw hammer
- Study suited use of ball peen hammer
- Learn suited use of mason's and sledge hammers
- Study suited use of wooden and rubber mallets

How do we select the right driving tool?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 136
- Tool selection guides
- Task scenarios
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 138
- Screwdriver samples
- Spanner samples
- Fastener samples

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Selecting punches and crowbars
Driving Tools - Using hammers and mallets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate punch for task
- Select appropriate crowbar for task
- Match tools to removal tasks

- Study use of starting punch
- Study use of pin punch
- Learn suited use of wrecking bar
- Study suited use of flat bar

When should punches and crowbars be used?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 140
- Tool samples
- Selection charts
- Task examples
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 142
- Hammers
- Mallets
- Nails, workpieces
- Safety equipment

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Using screwdrivers and spanners
Driving Tools - Caring for driving tools
Driving Tools - Proper use and replacement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate correct use of screwdriver
- Demonstrate correct use of spanner
- Select correct size for fastener

- Match screwdriver types to screws
- Practice positioning and turning screwdriver
- Learn steps for using spanners
- Practice tightening and loosening fasteners

How do we use screwdrivers and spanners correctly?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 143
- Screwdrivers
- Spanners
- Screws, nuts, bolts
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 147
- Cleaning materials
- Lubricants
- Storage toolbox
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 148
- Tool samples
- Damaged tool examples
- Visual aids

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions