Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Types of raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of raised platforms used in performing tasks
- Describe the uses of different raised platforms
- Show interest in learning about raised platforms

- Walk around the school to explore types of raised platforms (ladders, trestles, steps, stands, mobile raised platforms, work benches, ramps)
- Brainstorm on the types of raised platforms used in day-to-day life
- Use print or digital media to search for information on types of raised platforms

What types of raised platforms are used in performing tasks?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Pictures and charts of raised platforms
- Actual raised platforms in school environment
- Pictures of people using raised platforms
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Risks associated with working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify risks associated with working on raised platforms
- Explain causes of accidents when using raised platforms
- Show awareness of safety when working at heights

- Study pictures showing accidents involving raised platforms
- Discuss possible causes of the accidents
- Use print or digital media to search for information on risks associated with working on raised platforms
- Watch video on raised platform safety

What are the risks associated with working on raised platforms?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 5
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips on platform safety
- Pictures showing accidents

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ways of minimising risks when working on raised platforms
- Demonstrate safety practices for working on raised platforms
- Value the importance of observing safety measures

- Discuss ways of minimising risks related to working on raised platforms
- Study safety posters on working at heights
- Role-play safety practices for working on raised platforms
- Visit the locality to observe safety precautions taken when working on raised platforms

How can risks be minimised when working on raised platforms?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Safety posters
- Personal protective equipment
- Digital resources
- Raised platforms for demonstration
- Personal protective equipment (helmets, harnesses, gloves, boots)
- Safety nets
- Guardrails
- Manila paper and markers

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Practical application and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms
- Analyse consequences of failure to observe safety
- Embrace safe work practices at all times

- Study pictures showing consequences of failing to observe safety
- Discuss how failing to observe safety affects people directly or indirectly
- Visit community workplaces to observe safety practices
- Develop safety measures posters for the community

What is the importance of observing safety when working on raised platforms?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 10
- Pictures showing accidents
- Digital devices
- Manila paper for posters
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Various raised platforms
- Personal protective equipment
- Task cards
- Assessment rubrics

- Written tests - Observation - Oral questions - Project

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Review and consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of raised platforms and their uses
- Explain risks and safety practices for working on raised platforms
- Value safety as a priority when working at heights

- Review key concepts on safety on raised platforms
- Discuss real-life scenarios involving raised platforms
- Complete assessment activities
- Reflect on learning progress

Why is it important to observe safety while working on raised platforms?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Hazardous substances found in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify hazardous substances found in the environment
- Describe how hazardous substances can cause harm
- Show awareness of hazardous substances in the locality

- Explore the environment to identify hazardous substances
- Study pictures showing hazardous substances
- Use print or digital media to search for information on hazardous substances
- Watch video on hazardous substances

What are hazardous substances?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Digital devices
- Pictures of hazardous substances
- Video clips
- Samples of labeled hazardous substances

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Classification of hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify hazardous substances into poisonous, flammable and corrosive
- Explain characteristics of each category of hazardous substances
- Appreciate the importance of classifying hazardous substances

- Group hazardous substances into poisonous, flammable or corrosive
- Discuss characteristics of each category
- Use a checklist to classify different hazardous substances
- Create a chart showing classification of hazardous substances

How are hazardous substances classified?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Classification chart
- Pictures of different hazardous substances
- Manila paper
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Practical work - Observation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Safe ways of handling hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Explain the importance of reading labels and manuals
- Show commitment to safe handling practices

- Use print or digital media to search for information on safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Discuss safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Read and interpret instructions on labels of hazardous substances
- Study product labels with safety instructions

Why are hazardous substances labelled?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Product labels and manuals
- Digital devices
- Samples of labeled products
- Safety posters

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Safe ways of handling hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify safety symbols on product labels
- Interpret hazard statements and precautionary statements
- Apply knowledge of labels when handling hazardous substances

- Study and identify symbols on hazardous substance labels
- Discuss meaning of different safety symbols
- Interpret product labels (product identifier, signal words, hazard statements, precautionary statements)
- Create product labels for given substances

What information is found on product labels?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Various product labels
- Charts showing safety symbols
- Manila paper
- Markers

- Written tests - Practical work - Oral questions - Project

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Handling hazardous substances safely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate safe handling of hazardous substances
- Use personal protective equipment when handling hazardous substances
- Value the importance of safe handling practices

- Practice safe handling of poisonous, flammable and corrosive substances
- Role-play safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Demonstrate wearing appropriate PPE
- Visit the locality to observe safe handling practices

How are hazardous substances handled safely?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 20
- Personal protective equipment
- Sample hazardous substances (properly sealed)
- Digital devices
- Role-play materials

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Oral questions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Handling hazardous substances safely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain proper storage of hazardous substances
- Describe safe disposal methods for hazardous substances
- Show responsibility when handling hazardous substances

- Discuss proper storage of hazardous substances
- Learn about safe disposal methods (reduce, reuse, recycle)
- Visit workplaces to observe storage and disposal practices
- Practice safe handling procedures

How should hazardous substances be stored and disposed?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 20
- Storage containers
- Digital devices
- Video clips on disposal methods
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Handling hazardous substances safely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain proper storage of hazardous substances
- Describe safe disposal methods for hazardous substances
- Show responsibility when handling hazardous substances

- Discuss proper storage of hazardous substances
- Learn about safe disposal methods (reduce, reuse, recycle)
- Visit workplaces to observe storage and disposal practices
- Practice safe handling procedures

How should hazardous substances be stored and disposed?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 20
- Storage containers
- Digital devices
- Video clips on disposal methods
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Importance of observing safety

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of observing safety when handling hazardous substances
- Analyse consequences of improper handling
- Embrace safe practices in daily life

- Study pictures showing consequences of improper handling
- Discuss importance of observing safety when handling hazardous substances
- Discuss how proper handling protects people and environment
- Complete word search activity

Why is it important to handle hazardous substances safely?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 21
- Pictures showing accidents
- Digital devices
- Word search puzzles
- Assessment tools

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation - Portfolio assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Practical application and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify hazardous substances and their classifications
- Demonstrate safe handling of hazardous substances
- Apply safety measures when handling hazardous substances

- Identify and classify hazardous substances
- Demonstrate safe handling procedures
- Complete assessment activities
- Create safety posters on handling hazardous substances

How can you safely handle hazardous substances in your environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Various hazardous substances (sealed)
- PPE
- Assessment rubrics
- Manila paper

- Practical work - Written tests - Project - Self-assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Practical application and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify hazardous substances and their classifications
- Demonstrate safe handling of hazardous substances
- Apply safety measures when handling hazardous substances

- Identify and classify hazardous substances
- Demonstrate safe handling procedures
- Complete assessment activities
- Create safety posters on handling hazardous substances

How can you safely handle hazardous substances in your environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Various hazardous substances (sealed)
- PPE
- Assessment rubrics
- Manila paper

- Practical work - Written tests - Project - Self-assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Review and consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain classification and safe handling of hazardous substances
- Interpret safety information on product labels
- Show commitment to environmental safety

- Review key concepts on handling hazardous substances
- Discuss case scenarios on hazardous substance handling
- Complete assessment activities
- Reflect on learning progress

Why should we observe safety when handling hazardous substances?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Digital resources
- Product labels

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Ways of nurturing talents and abilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of nurturing talents and abilities
- Identify personal talents and abilities
- Show interest in developing talents and abilities

- Discuss ways of nurturing talents and abilities
- Display talents and abilities through clubs and societies
- Brainstorm on how talents can be nurtured for business purposes
- Practice personal talents with peers

How are talents and abilities nurtured?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Digital devices
- Charts on talent development
- Reference materials
- Club and society materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical demonstration - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Career pathways in senior school

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify career pathways offered in senior school
- Relate talents and abilities to career pathways
- Appreciate the importance of career pathways

- Use print or digital media to search for career pathways in senior school
- Make a list of talents and abilities and their corresponding career pathways
- Discuss career pathways (Arts and Sports Science, Social Sciences, STEM)
- Study pictures of learners demonstrating talents

What are the career pathways available in senior school?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Digital devices
- Career pathway charts
- Pictures of various careers
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Practical work - Observation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Career pathways and career opportunities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain career opportunities related to Pre-Technical Studies
- Match talents and abilities to specific careers
- Show interest in exploring career opportunities

- Engage with a resource person on career opportunities
- Discuss career opportunities related to talents in Pre-Technical Studies
- Make presentations on talents and corresponding career opportunities
- Create career opportunity charts

Why is self-exploration necessary for career development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Resource person
- Career brochures
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Career magazines

- Observation - Oral questions - Presentations - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Career pathways and career opportunities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain career opportunities related to Pre-Technical Studies
- Match talents and abilities to specific careers
- Show interest in exploring career opportunities

- Engage with a resource person on career opportunities
- Discuss career opportunities related to talents in Pre-Technical Studies
- Make presentations on talents and corresponding career opportunities
- Create career opportunity charts

Why is self-exploration necessary for career development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Resource person
- Career brochures
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Career magazines

- Observation - Oral questions - Presentations - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Ethical and unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ethical and unethical practices related to use of talents
- Analyse case scenarios on ethical and unethical practices
- Show commitment to ethical practices

- Read and discuss case scenarios on ethical and unethical practices
- Analyse ethical practices demonstrated by individuals
- Discuss unethical practices and their consequences
- Brainstorm on ethical use of talents and abilities

What are ethical and unethical practices in career development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Case study materials
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Discussion guides

- Written tests - Oral questions - Group discussions - Case study analysis

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Choosing careers based on talents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Choose a career based on talents and abilities
- Explain steps for choosing a career
- Value the importance of matching career to talents

- Study steps for choosing a career
- Assess personal skills and interests
- Choose a career based on personal talents and abilities
- Make presentations on career choices
- Complete crossword puzzle on careers

How can you choose a career based on your talents?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Career assessment tools
- Digital devices
- Crossword puzzles
- Presentation materials
- Career guides

- Presentations - Written tests - Oral questions - Self-assessment - Portfolio

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Review and consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of nurturing talents and career pathways
- Analyse ethical practices in career development
- Make informed career choices based on talents

- Review key concepts on self-exploration and career development
- Complete word search activity on careers
- Discuss personal career choices
- Reflect on learning progress

Why is self-exploration important for career development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Word search puzzles
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Characteristics of oblique drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the characteristics of oblique drawings
- Identify oblique drawings in technical fields
- Show interest in learning about oblique projection

- Use print or digital media to search for characteristics of oblique drawings
- Study examples of oblique drawings
- Brainstorm on characteristics of oblique drawings
- Describe oblique drawings using their characteristics

What are the characteristics of oblique drawings?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing instruments
- Digital devices
- Examples of oblique drawings
- Charts showing oblique characteristics

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Practical work

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Characteristics of oblique drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the characteristics of oblique drawings
- Identify oblique drawings in technical fields
- Show interest in learning about oblique projection

- Use print or digital media to search for characteristics of oblique drawings
- Study examples of oblique drawings
- Brainstorm on characteristics of oblique drawings
- Describe oblique drawings using their characteristics

What are the characteristics of oblique drawings?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing instruments
- Digital devices
- Examples of oblique drawings
- Charts showing oblique characteristics

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Practical work

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Characteristics of oblique drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between cabinet and cavalier projection
- Explain features of oblique drawings
- Appreciate the use of oblique projection

- Discuss features of oblique drawings (vertical lines, horizontal lines, receding lines at 45°)
- Study differences between cabinet and cavalier projection
- Observe oblique drawings to understand their characteristics
- Practice identifying oblique drawings

How do oblique drawings show three-dimensional views?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Examples of cabinet and cavalier projections
- Drawing paper
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation - Practical work

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching given drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch simple objects in oblique projection without instruments
- Follow steps for sketching oblique drawings
- Show interest in sketching oblique drawings

- Study steps for drawing a cube in oblique projection
- Sketch drawings in oblique projection using squared paper
- Practice sketching without using instruments
- Draw front face and receding lines at 45°

How are oblique drawings sketched without instruments?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Pencils (HB, 2H)
- Plain paper
- Examples of oblique sketches

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching given drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch shaped blocks in oblique projection
- Apply proportionality and neatness in sketching
- Value accuracy in technical drawing

- Follow steps to sketch various shaped blocks
- Practice sketching on squared paper
- Maintain proportionality in sketches
- Join endpoints of receding lines correctly

How can shaped blocks be sketched in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Examples of shaped blocks

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch various drawings in oblique projection
- Demonstrate competence in freehand sketching
- Show creativity in oblique drawing

- Practice sketching given drawings in oblique projection
- Sketch on both squared and plain paper
- Display and compare sketches with classmates
- Receive feedback on sketches

How can you improve your sketching skills?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Sample drawings

- Practical work - Peer assessment - Portfolio - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch various drawings in oblique projection
- Demonstrate competence in freehand sketching
- Show creativity in oblique drawing

- Practice sketching given drawings in oblique projection
- Sketch on both squared and plain paper
- Display and compare sketches with classmates
- Receive feedback on sketches

How can you improve your sketching skills?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Sample drawings

- Practical work - Peer assessment - Portfolio - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing with instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw shaped blocks using geometrical instruments
- Use 45° set square correctly
- Appreciate the importance of accurate drawing

- Study steps for drawing a cuboid in oblique projection
- Use drawing instruments to draw the front face
- Draw receding lines at 45° using set square
- Practice drawing with correct dimensions

How are geometrical instruments used in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- 45° set square
- Ruler
- HB and 2H pencils
- Pair of compasses

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Assessment rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing shaped blocks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw complex shaped blocks in cabinet projection
- Apply correct measurements and dimensions
- Show attention to detail in technical drawing

- Draw front face of shaped block with accurate dimensions
- Draw receding lines at half length for cabinet projection
- Join endpoints correctly to complete the drawing
- Include dimensions on the drawing

How are complex shaped blocks drawn in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Geometrical set (45° set square, ruler, compasses)
- HB and 2H pencils

- Practical work - Observation - Assessment rubrics - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw various shaped blocks with cut-outs
- Mark depths accurately using compasses
- Value precision in technical drawing

- Follow steps to draw shaped blocks with cut-outs
- Use compasses to mark equal depths on receding lines
- Draw horizontal and vertical lines parallel to front face
- Outline completed drawings with HB pencil

How can shaped blocks with cut-outs be drawn accurately?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Pencils (HB, 2H)
- Examples of complex shaped blocks

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw dimensioned oblique drawings
- Apply proper line work techniques
- Show competence in using drawing instruments

- Practice drawing various shaped blocks from given dimensions
- Include all dimensions on completed drawings
- Use correct line weight and quality
- Display completed drawings for feedback

How are dimensions included on oblique drawings?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Drawing board
- Pencils

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Peer assessment - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw dimensioned oblique drawings
- Apply proper line work techniques
- Show competence in using drawing instruments

- Practice drawing various shaped blocks from given dimensions
- Include all dimensions on completed drawings
- Use correct line weight and quality
- Display completed drawings for feedback

How are dimensions included on oblique drawings?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Drawing board
- Pencils

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Peer assessment - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Applications in technical communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain applications of oblique projection in technical fields
- Identify uses of oblique drawings in different professions
- Appreciate the importance of oblique projection

- Study pictures showing applications of oblique projection
- Discuss how oblique drawings are used in carpentry and other trades
- Brainstorm on applications in technical communication
- Walk around locality to observe use of oblique drawings

How are oblique drawings used in technical fields?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Pictures of technical drawings
- Digital devices
- Examples from carpentry and construction
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Field notes

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Applications and practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply oblique projection to solve design problems
- Draw objects from observation in oblique projection
- Show creativity in technical drawing

- Sketch building blocks and furniture in oblique projection
- Draw items found in immediate environment
- Practice drawing from different angles
- Present drawings for feedback

How can oblique projection help in design and communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Drawing instruments
- Sample objects
- Digital devices

- Practical work - Portfolio - Presentations - Assessment rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Assessment and review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw shaped blocks in oblique projection accurately
- Apply characteristics of oblique drawings
- Demonstrate competence in technical drawing

- Complete practical assessment on oblique projection
- Draw given shaped blocks with accurate dimensions
- Include proper line work and dimensioning
- Reflect on learning progress

How well can you draw in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Assessment rubrics
- Self-reflection checklist

- Practical assessment - Portfolio review - Self-reflection - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Assessment and review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw shaped blocks in oblique projection accurately
- Apply characteristics of oblique drawings
- Demonstrate competence in technical drawing

- Complete practical assessment on oblique projection
- Draw given shaped blocks with accurate dimensions
- Include proper line work and dimensioning
- Reflect on learning progress

How well can you draw in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Assessment rubrics
- Self-reflection checklist

- Practical assessment - Portfolio review - Self-reflection - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain characteristics and applications of oblique projection
- Draw various shaped blocks accurately
- Value the role of oblique projection in technical fields

- Review key concepts on oblique projection
- Complete assessment activities
- Display portfolio of oblique drawings
- Discuss real-world applications

Why is oblique projection important in technical communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Portfolio of drawings
- Assessment tools
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Portfolio assessment - Oral questions - Self-assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Application areas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of visual programming
- Identify application areas of visual programming
- Show interest in learning about visual programming

- Use print or digital media to search for information on visual programming
- Discuss application areas of visual programming software
- Study pictures showing mobile and web applications
- Brainstorm on uses of visual programming

What is visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures of applications
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Research notes

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Application areas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe mobile programming
- Explain web development
- Appreciate the importance of visual programming in daily life

- Study images showing mobile applications
- Identify and name mobile applications
- Discuss how applications are used to perform tasks
- Learn about mobile programming and web development

How are mobile and web applications developed?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Smartphones/tablets
- Digital devices
- Examples of mobile apps
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests - Group discussions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Application areas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain game development using visual programming
- Describe educational tools created with visual programming
- Show interest in creating applications

- Discuss game development and educational tools
- Study examples of games and educational software
- Learn about visual programming in robotics and animation
- Watch videos on application development

What are the application areas of visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Examples of games and educational tools

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Research presentation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Application areas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain game development using visual programming
- Describe educational tools created with visual programming
- Show interest in creating applications

- Discuss game development and educational tools
- Study examples of games and educational software
- Learn about visual programming in robotics and animation
- Watch videos on application development

What are the application areas of visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Examples of games and educational tools

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Research presentation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Installing and familiarising with Scratch

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Download and install Scratch program
- Identify features of Scratch interface
- Show willingness to learn visual programming

- Follow steps to download and install Scratch
- Open and explore Scratch interface
- Identify instruction area, script area, stage and execution buttons
- Click on categories to explore commands

How do you install and use Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers/laptops
- Internet connection
- Scratch software
- Installation guide

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Familiarising with Scratch

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain features of Scratch interface
- Use drag-and-drop to create simple scripts
- Appreciate visual programming interface

- Study Scratch interface components
- Click categories and explore commands
- Practice using motion and looks commands
- Change numbers in commands to observe effects on sprites

What are the features of Scratch interface?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch installed
- Digital projector
- Practice activities
- Reference guide

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Checklist

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating a clicker game

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a simple clicker game using Scratch
- Select appropriate backdrop and sprite
- Show creativity in game development

- Choose backdrop and sprite for the game
- Create variable for score
- Drag and drop blocks to create script
- Test the game and make improvements

How can you create a clicker game in Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Sample games
- Step-by-step guide

- Practical work - Observation - Portfolio - Peer assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating a clicker game

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make sprites move in random positions
- Make sprites change color
- Value problem-solving in programming

- Create script to move balloon randomly
- Create script to change sprite color
- Add functionality to increase score when sprite is clicked
- Test and debug the game

How can sprites be programmed to move and change?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Project files
- Debugging guide
- Assessment rubrics

- Practical work - Observation - Problem-solving skills - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating a clicker game

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make sprites move in random positions
- Make sprites change color
- Value problem-solving in programming

- Create script to move balloon randomly
- Create script to change sprite color
- Add functionality to increase score when sprite is clicked
- Test and debug the game

How can sprites be programmed to move and change?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Project files
- Debugging guide
- Assessment rubrics

- Practical work - Observation - Problem-solving skills - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating interactive stories

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create an interactive story using Scratch
- Add characters and dialogues
- Show creativity in storytelling

- Watch video on developing stories in Scratch
- Choose backdrop and characters for story
- Make characters say something using scripts
- Add multiple characters to the story

How can you create interactive stories in Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Video tutorials
- Storyboard templates

- Practical work - Portfolio - Presentations - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating interactive stories

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Flip character direction in stories
- Insert text for characters to say
- Appreciate the use of visual programming in storytelling

- Position characters correctly using flip horizontal
- Insert conversation for each character using looks block
- Switch backdrops to show different parts of story
- Hide and show characters appropriately

How can characters interact in a Scratch story?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Sample stories
- Character sprites
- Backdrop images

- Practical work - Observation - Creativity assessment - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating music

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create music using Scratch
- Use sound blocks effectively
- Show appreciation for digital music creation

- Delete default sprite and choose musical instrument
- Create script to play sound
- Add drum beats using drum sprite
- Create beatbox sounds with microphone sprite

How can you create music in Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Speakers/headphones
- Musical instrument sprites
- Sound library

- Practical work - Observation - Audio output quality - Creativity

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating own interactive story

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Develop original interactive story
- Identify appropriate blocks for story creation
- Value creativity in programming

- Come up with original story
- Choose suitable backdrop and characters
- Arrange blocks logically to create story
- Run script to watch the story
- Share story with classmates

How can you create your own interactive story?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Flashcards for planning
- Story templates
- Assessment rubrics

- Practical work - Portfolio - Presentations - Peer feedback

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating own interactive story

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Develop original interactive story
- Identify appropriate blocks for story creation
- Value creativity in programming

- Come up with original story
- Choose suitable backdrop and characters
- Arrange blocks logically to create story
- Run script to watch the story
- Share story with classmates

How can you create your own interactive story?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Flashcards for planning
- Story templates
- Assessment rubrics

- Practical work - Portfolio - Presentations - Peer feedback

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Creating animations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create simple animations using Scratch
- Make sprites glide and move with arrow keys
- Show interest in animation development

- Choose backdrop and character for animation
- Create script to make character fly
- Create script to move sprite with arrow keys
- Add scenery that moves
- Test and refine animation

How can you create animations in Scratch?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Animation examples
- Sprite library
- Tutorial videos

- Practical work - Observation - Portfolio - Creativity assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Advanced animations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create animations with multiple sprites
- Add scoring system to animations
- Appreciate complex programming

- Add multiple sprites to animation
- Create scripts for sprite interactions
- Add score variable
- Make sprites respond to each other
- Debug and improve animation

How can multiple sprites interact in animations?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Complex animation examples
- Debugging guide
- Assessment tools

- Practical work - Problem-solving - Portfolio - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Exploring Scratch tutorials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use Scratch tutorials effectively
- Learn independently using tutorials
- Show self-directed learning skills

- Click tutorials button in Scratch
- Select animation project (Animate a Name, Animate a Character)
- Follow step-by-step guide to develop animation
- Complete tutorial animation
- Share animation with classmates

How can tutorials help you learn visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Internet access
- Tutorial guides
- Learning journal

- Practical work - Self-assessment - Portfolio - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Using visual programming in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how visual programming helps solve problems
- Identify applications of visual programming in daily life
- Embrace the use of visual programming

- Study case scenario on using visual programming to solve problems
- Discuss how visual programming helps in daily life
- Identify ways to use visual programming skills
- Create educational games and learning tools

Why is visual programming important in day-to-day life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Case study materials
- Examples of educational games
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Discussions - Practical examples

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Using visual programming in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how visual programming helps solve problems
- Identify applications of visual programming in daily life
- Embrace the use of visual programming

- Study case scenario on using visual programming to solve problems
- Discuss how visual programming helps in daily life
- Identify ways to use visual programming skills
- Create educational games and learning tools

Why is visual programming important in day-to-day life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Case study materials
- Examples of educational games
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Discussions - Practical examples

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Visual programming - Assessment project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create application to solve a problem
- Apply visual programming skills learned
- Demonstrate competence in visual programming

- Identify a problem that can be solved using visual programming
- Design application (game, story or animation)
- Develop application using Scratch
- Test application and make improvements
- Present application to class

How can you use visual programming to solve problems?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Computers with Scratch
- Project planning templates
- Assessment rubrics
- Presentation tools

- Practical project - Presentations - Portfolio - Assessment rubrics