Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - General structure.
Structure of the atom - Meaning of an atom
Structure of the atom - Atomic number
Structure of the atom - Mass number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the general structure of an atom
- Identify the subatomic particles in an atom
- Show interest in exploring the structure of atoms

- Explain the meaning of an atom
- Describe the characteristics of subatomic particles in an atom
- Appreciate the importance of understanding atomic structure

- Observe a diagram showing the structure of an atom
- Discuss in groups the general structure of atoms
- Identify the particles shown in the atom
- Discuss in groups and find out the meaning of an atom
- Research on the differences between subatomic particles
- Share findings with classmates

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 1)
- Charts showing structure of an atom
- Digital resources
- Models of atoms
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 2)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing structure of atoms
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 3)
- Periodic table
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 4)
- Charts showing atomic structure

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Representation of elements
Structure of the atom - Energy levels
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write chemical symbols with atomic and mass numbers
- Interpret chemical symbols with atomic and mass numbers
- Appreciate the importance of standard atomic notation

- Complete a table showing representation of elements
- Practice writing chemical symbols with atomic and mass numbers
- Interpret given chemical symbols

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 5)
- Periodic table
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 6)
- Charts showing energy levels
- Models
- Charts showing electron arrangements

- Observation - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Electron arrangements of elements
Structure of the atom - Energy level diagrams
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write electron arrangements for different elements
- Illustrate electron arrangements using diagrams
- Appreciate the systematic arrangement of electrons in atoms

- Discuss electron arrangement in different elements
- Complete electron arrangement diagrams for various elements
- Practice writing electron arrangements

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 7)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing electron arrangements
- Models
- Charts showing energy level diagrams
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 8)
- Periodic table
- Exercise sheets

- Observation - Practical work - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy

Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals classification
Curved mirrors - Types of curved mirrors
Curved mirrors - Terms associated with concave mirrors
Curved mirrors - Determining focal length of concave mirror

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify elements into metals and non-metals using electron arrangement
- Explain the relationship between electron arrangement and metallic properties
- Appreciate the diversity of elements

- Discuss classification of elements based on electron arrangements
- Complete tables to show metals and non-metals
- Match elements to their classifications

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 9)
- Digital resources
- Periodic table
- Charts showing classification of elements
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 133)
- Shiny spoons
- Digital resources on curved mirrors
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 135)
- Charts showing the structure of a concave mirror
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 137)
- Concave mirrors
- Rulers
- White screens or plain paper
- Mirror holders

- Observation - Written work - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Ray diagrams for concave mirrors
Curved mirrors - Image formation by concave mirrors (beyond C)
Curved mirrors - Image formation by concave mirrors (at C)
Curved mirrors - Image formation by concave mirrors (between C and F)
Curved mirrors - Image formation by concave mirrors (at F)
Curved mirrors - Image formation by concave mirrors (between F and P)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw conventional ray diagrams for concave mirrors
- Identify the four special rays used in ray diagrams
- Show interest in the ray diagram approach to locate images

- Draw ray diagrams to locate images when objects are placed between C and F
- Describe the characteristics of images formed
- Appreciate the systematic approach in determining image properties

- Draw conventional ray diagrams of concave mirrors
- Identify and draw the four types of rays used in ray diagrams (ray through center of curvature, ray parallel to principal axis, ray through focus, ray through pole)
- Analyze how these rays help locate images
- Draw ray diagrams to locate images when objects are placed between the center of curvature and the principal focus
- Determine the characteristics of images formed
- Verify the results through practical observation

How do ray diagrams help in locating images formed by concave mirrors?
What are the characteristics of images formed when objects are placed between the center of curvature and the principal focus?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 140)
- Plain paper
- Rulers
- Pencils
- Drawing instruments
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 143)
- Concave mirrors
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 144)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 145)
- Concave mirrors
- Drawing instruments
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 147)
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 148)

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Written assignments
- Observation - Ray diagram assessment - Written descriptions

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Characteristics of images formed by concave mirrors
Curved mirrors - Locating images formed by concave mirrors experimentally
Curved mirrors - Terms associated with convex mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize characteristics of images formed by concave mirrors for different object positions
- Create a comprehensive table of image characteristics
- Value the systematic organization of scientific information

- Create a summary table of image characteristics for different object positions (at infinity, beyond C, at C, between C and F, at F, between F and P)
- Discuss the patterns and relationships observed
- Compare theoretical predictions with practical observations

How do image characteristics vary with object position for concave mirrors?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 149)
- Concave mirrors
- Digital resources
- Previous ray diagrams
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 150)
- Mirror holders
- Screens
- Candles or light sources
- Rulers
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 153)
- Convex mirrors
- Charts showing the structure of convex mirrors

- Observation - Table completion assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Ray diagrams for convex mirrors
Curved mirrors - Image formation by convex mirrors
Curved mirrors - Locating images formed by convex mirrors experimentally

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw conventional ray diagrams for convex mirrors
- Identify the four special rays used in ray diagrams for convex mirrors
- Show interest in the ray diagram approach to locate images

- Draw conventional ray diagrams of convex mirrors
- Identify and draw the four types of rays used in ray diagrams for convex mirrors
- Analyze how these rays help locate images

How do ray diagrams help in locating images formed by convex mirrors?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 154)
- Plain paper
- Rulers
- Pencils
- Drawing instruments
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 156)
- Convex mirrors
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 159)
- Mirror holders
- Objects of various sizes

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Applications of curved mirrors (concave mirrors)
Curved mirrors - Applications of curved mirrors (convex mirrors)
Curved mirrors - Applications of curved mirrors (parabolic reflectors)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of concave mirrors in daily life
- Explain how the properties of concave mirrors make them suitable for specific applications
- Appreciate the practical importance of curved mirrors

- Research and discuss applications of concave mirrors (magnifying mirrors, dentist mirrors, solar concentrators, projectors)
- Explain how the image-forming properties of concave mirrors relate to their applications
- Demonstrate applications using actual mirrors where possible

What are the practical applications of concave mirrors in our daily lives?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 161)
- Concave mirrors
- Digital resources
- Examples of devices using concave mirrors
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 162)
- Convex mirrors
- Examples of devices using convex mirrors
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 163)
- Examples of devices using parabolic reflectors

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Waves - Meaning of waves
Waves - Generating waves in nature
Waves - Transverse and longitudinal waves
Waves - Classifying waves
Waves - Amplitude and wavelength
Waves - Frequency and period
Waves - Practical: Period of waves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of waves in science
- Describe waves as a transmission of disturbance that carries energy
- Show interest in understanding wave phenomena in nature

- Classify various waves into transverse and longitudinal categories
- Give examples of transverse and longitudinal waves in nature
- Value the importance of classification in scientific study

- Read the story about John and ripples in the dam
- Discuss what happens when an object is dropped in still water
- Observe the movement of water waves and how they transport energy without moving matter
- Study different wave examples provided in the textbook
- Classify the waves into transverse and longitudinal categories
- Research and identify real-world examples of both types of waves
- Create a classification chart of common waves

How are waves applied in our day to day life?
How are waves classified based on particle movement?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 166)
- Basin with water
- Small objects to drop in water
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 167)
- Rope
- Speakers
- Rice or sand
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 169)
- Slinky springs
- Cloth pieces for marking
- Digital resources showing wave motion
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 171)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing different wave types
- Wave demonstration equipment
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 172)
- Wave diagrams
- Rulers
- Graph paper
- Digital simulations
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 173)
- String and masses
- Stopwatches
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 175)
- Stands with clamps
- Strings
- Masses

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Classification exercises - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Waves - Wave speed
Waves - Phase of waves
Waves - Oscillation in phase

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to determine the speed of a wave
- Apply the wave speed equation v = fλ
- Show interest in mathematical relationships in wave phenomena

- Discuss how to calculate wave speed using the distance-time method
- Introduce the wave equation speed = wavelength × frequency
- Solve example problems involving wave speed calculations
- Perform calculations with different wave parameters

How is the speed of a wave determined?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 176)
- Calculators
- Wave speed problems
- Digital resources
- Wave demonstration equipment
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 178)
- Stands with clamps
- Strings and identical masses
- Stopwatches
- Graph paper
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 179)
- Pendulum apparatus
- Measuring equipment

- Observation - Problem-solving exercises - Mathematical calculations - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Waves - Oscillation out of phase
Waves - Characteristics of waves: straight-line motion
Waves - Characteristics of waves: reflection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Set up pendulums oscillating out of phase
- Compare the displacement-time graphs of out-of-phase oscillations
- Value the mathematical description of wave phenomena

- Set up identical pendulums oscillating out of phase
- Record and compare the motion patterns
- Create displacement-time graphs for out-of-phase oscillations
- Analyze the phase difference between oscillations

What are the characteristics of oscillations that are out of phase?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 181)
- Pendulum apparatus
- Stopwatches
- Measuring equipment
- Graph paper
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 183)
- Ripple tank
- Water
- Paper for tracing
- Rulers
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 184)
- Metal strips as reflectors
- Paper for tracing wave patterns

- Observation - Practical assessment - Graph construction and analysis - Written reports

Force and Energy

Waves - Characteristics of waves: bending
Waves - Characteristics of waves: diffraction
Waves - Remote sensing in relation to waves
Waves - Transmission, absorption and reflection in remote sensing
Waves - Applications of waves in everyday life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate bending (refraction) of waves in a ripple tank
- Explain how wave speed changes with medium depth
- Show interest in how waves interact with different media

- Set up a ripple tank with shallow and deep regions
- Generate waves and observe their behavior at the boundary
- Measure and compare wavelengths in different depth regions
- Relate wavelength changes to speed changes

How do waves bend when moving between different media?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 185)
- Ripple tank
- Water
- Glass plate to create shallow region
- Paper for tracing wave patterns
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 186)
- Metal barriers with adjustable gaps
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 187)
- Digital resources
- Diagrams of remote sensing processes
- Video clips on remote sensing
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 188)
- Examples of remote sensing data
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 190)
- Examples of wave-based technologies
- Video clips on wave applications

- Observation - Practical assessment - Drawing analysis - Written reports