Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Types of raised platforms used in performing tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of raised platforms used in the workplace
- Explain how raised platforms help in performing tasks
- Appreciate the importance of raised platforms in performing tasks

- Walk around the school to explore types of raised platforms (ladders, trestles, steps, stands, workbenches, ramps)
- Brainstorm on the types of raised platforms used in day-to-day life
- Discuss how different types of raised platforms are used in different environments

What can you use to reach for items located at a height such as the top shelf or the roof?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Different raised platforms
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 3
- Pictures of people using raised platforms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Risks associated with working on raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - Importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify risks associated with working on raised platforms
- Analyze causes of accidents when using raised platforms
- Show concern for safety when working on raised platforms

- Study pictures showing accidents that may occur while using raised platforms
- Discuss possible causes of the accidents shown in the pictures
- Use internet-connected digital device or print media to search for information on risks associated with working on raised platforms
- Watch videos on risks associated with working on raised platforms

What are the risks associated with working on raised platforms?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 5
- Pictures showing accidents on raised platforms
- Digital resources
- Internet access
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Posters showing safety measures
- Safety equipment
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 8
- Personal Protective Equipment
- Various types of raised platforms
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 9
- Video clips on safety practices
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 10
- Case studies

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ways of nurturing talents and abilities for business purposes
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ways of nurturing talents and abilities for business purposes
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Career pathways in senior school

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms
- Assess raised platforms for safety concerns
- Show responsibility by observing safety when working on raised platforms

- Complete a word search puzzle related to safety on raised platforms
- Observe the community or home environment and identify types of raised platforms used to perform various tasks
- Assess the raised platforms and note down any faults that may put the user at risk
- Develop safety measures to help minimize the risks identified
- Create posters on safety measures and display them in the school

What safety measures help prevent accidents when using raised platforms?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 11
- Word search puzzles
- Poster making materials
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 24
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 26
- Talent show materials
- Pictures showing talents and abilities
- Resource person

- Observation - Oral questions - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Career pathways in senior school
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ethical and unethical practices related to the use of talents and abilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate talents and abilities to career pathways in senior school
- Create a list of talents and abilities corresponding to career pathways
- Value the importance of matching talents to career pathways

- Study a list of talents and abilities related to Arts and Sports Science pathway
- Add more talents and abilities to the list
- Make lists of talents and abilities corresponding to Social Sciences and STEM pathways
- Display and compare lists with classmates

How do talents and abilities relate to career pathways?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 27
- Digital resources
- Career pathway charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 30
- Case studies

- Observation - Written assignments - Peer assessment - Class presentations

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Careers based on talents and abilities for self-development
Computer Software - Categories of computer software
Computer Software - Categories of computer software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify careers based on talents and abilities
- Choose a career based on personal talents and abilities
- Value the importance of selecting careers based on talents and abilities

- Read about Grade 9 learners' career choices based on their talents and abilities
- Discuss the career choices made by learners based on their talents and abilities
- Discuss steps to follow when choosing a career
- Choose a career based on personal talent and ability
- Justify career choices

How can you choose a career path that matches your skills and interests?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 32
- Career choice steps chart
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices
- Charts showing different software
- Chart making materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Functions of different application software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different application software used in the workplace
- Explain the functions of word processing software
- Show interest in learning about application software

- Brainstorm on the functions of different application software
- Discuss the functions of word processing software
- Demonstrate the use of word processing software
- Explore features of word processing software

What are the functions of word processing software?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices with word processing software
- Charts showing functions of word processing software
- Digital resources
- Digital devices with presentation software
- Charts showing functions of presentation software

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Group discussions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Functions of different application software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of spreadsheet software
- Use spreadsheet software to perform calculations
- Appreciate the importance of spreadsheet software in data management

- Discuss the functions of spreadsheet software
- Demonstrate the use of spreadsheet software
- Create simple spreadsheets and perform basic calculations
- Share findings with the class

What are the functions of spreadsheet software?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices with spreadsheet software
- Charts showing functions of spreadsheet software
- Digital resources
- Digital devices with database software
- Charts showing functions of database software
- Digital devices with desktop publishing software
- Sample publications

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Peer assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Functions of different application software
Computer Software - Using computer software to perform tasks
Computer Software - Using computer software to perform tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of information management systems
- Demonstrate basic operations with information management systems
- Appreciate the role of information management systems in organizations

- Discuss the functions of information management systems
- Explore examples of information management systems
- Discuss how information management systems are used in various workplaces
- Share findings with the class

How are information management systems used in the workplace?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices
- Charts showing information management systems
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Digital devices with word processing software
- Printers (where available)
- Digital devices with presentation software
- Projector (where available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies
Communication

Computer Software - Using computer software to perform tasks
Oblique Projection - Characteristics of oblique drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use spreadsheet software to perform tasks
- Apply appropriate features of spreadsheet software
- Show interest in using spreadsheet software for data management

- Perform tasks using spreadsheet software (creating worksheets, entering data, performing calculations, creating charts)
- Practice creating spreadsheets
- Analyze data using spreadsheets
- Share findings with the class

How is spreadsheet software used in day-to-day life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Digital devices with spreadsheet software
- Sample data for analysis
- Digital resources
- Digital devices with desktop publishing software
- Sample publications
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 35
- Sample oblique drawings
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project work - Portfolio assessment

Communication

Oblique Projection - Characteristics of oblique drawing
Oblique Projection - Sketching given drawings in oblique projection
Oblique Projection - Sketching given drawings in oblique projection
Oblique Projection - Sketching given drawings in oblique projection
Oblique Projection - Drawing shaped blocks in oblique projection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the characteristics of oblique drawings
- Distinguish oblique drawings from other forms of projections
- Appreciate the use of oblique drawings in technical communication

- Study examples of oblique drawings
- Describe the drawings using the characteristics of oblique drawings
- Compare oblique drawings with other types of drawings
- Share discussions with the class

What are the characteristics of oblique drawings?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 36
- Sample oblique drawings
- Charts showing characteristics of oblique drawings
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 37
- Squared paper
- Pencils
- Drawing instruments
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 39
- Plain paper
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 40
- Sample drawings of shaped blocks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Communication

Oblique Projection - Drawing shaped blocks in oblique projection
Oblique Projection - Applications of oblique projection in technical communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw accurate front faces of shaped blocks
- Draw receding lines correctly in oblique projection
- Value precision in technical drawing

- Draw the front face of a shaped block using correct dimensions
- Draw receding lines from points on the front face at specified angles
- Join end points of receding lines to form the required shape
- Include dimensions on the drawing
- Present work to class

What is the importance of accurate dimensions in oblique drawing?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 41
- Drawing paper
- Set squares
- Rulers
- Pencils
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 43
- Compasses
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 45
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 47
- Sample oblique drawings used in technical fields
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical assessment - Portfolio assessment - Peer assessment

Communication
Materials for Production
Materials for Production

Oblique Projection - Applications of oblique projection in technical communication
Wood - Classification of wood according to physical characteristics
Wood - Classification of wood according to physical characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the benefits of using oblique projection in technical communication
- Apply oblique projection to communicate technical ideas
- Appreciate the role of oblique projection in various industries

- Discuss the advantages of using oblique projection for technical communication
- Explore industries that use oblique projection
- Create oblique drawings to communicate technical ideas
- Present work to class

What are the advantages of using oblique projection for technical communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 49
- Sample oblique drawings from industries
- Drawing instruments
- Digital resources
- Sample technical illustrations
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 69
- Assorted pieces of wood
- Digital devices
- Charts showing wood types
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 70
- Sample trees in the environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Group presentations

Materials for Production

Wood - Preparation of wood for use in the production of items
Wood - Types of wood and their uses in the community
Wood - Types of wood and their uses in the community
Wood - Importance of wood in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of wood conversion
- Describe different methods of wood conversion
- Value proper wood preparation techniques

- Discuss wood conversion as a method of preparing wood for use
- Use print or digital resources to find information about plain sawing and quarter sawing
- Draw images to represent each conversion method

What happens during the wood conversion process?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 72
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Charts showing conversion methods
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 74
- Pictures showing wood seasoning methods
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 75
- Pictures of wooden items
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 77
- Community resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 79
- Local wood products

- Oral tests - Written tests - Drawings assessment

Materials for Production

Wood - Importance of wood in day-to-day life
Waste Materials - Waste materials found in the environment
Waste Materials - Waste materials found in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss environmental aspects of wood use
- Solve a crossword puzzle on wood concepts
- Show responsibility towards sustainable wood use

- Discuss the importance of wood conservation
- Complete a crossword puzzle on wood concepts
- Reflect on learning about wood through self-assessment

How can we ensure sustainable use of wood resources?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 81
- Crossword puzzles
- Self-reflection forms
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 93
- School environment
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 94
- Pictures of waste materials

- Crossword puzzle - Self-assessment - Written tests

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Ways of handling waste materials safely in the environment
Waste Materials - Disposing waste materials using appropriate methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain safe ways of handling waste materials
- Describe different approaches to waste management
- Value safe waste handling practices

- Use print reference materials or digital devices to search for information on safe ways of handling and disposing waste materials
- Write short notes on findings
- Present findings in class

What are the safe ways of handling different types of waste materials?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 95
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 96
- Pictures of waste handling methods
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 97
- Personal protective equipment
- Garbage bags or containers
- Dustbins

- Note-taking - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of proper waste handling
- Describe the impact of waste on the environment
- Value the importance of proper waste management

- Take a walk in the locality to observe how businesses handle waste
- Find out from local people why proper waste handling is important
- Write findings in exercise books
- Present findings in class

Why is proper waste handling important for our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
- Local community resources
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
- Charts
- Pictures showing proper waste handling

- Field notes - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production
Tools and Production
Tools and Production
Tools and Production
Tools and Production
Tools and Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment
Holding Tools - Holding tools used in day-to-day life
Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for performing given tasks
Holding Tools - Uses of holding tools
Holding Tools - Uses of holding tools
Holding Tools - Caring for holding tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve problems related to waste management
- Complete a self-reflection on waste management
- Show responsibility towards environmental conservation

- Work on problem-solving exercises related to waste management
- Complete a self-reflection form on waste materials learning
- Discuss environmental conservation strategies

How can we apply what we've learned about waste management in our daily lives?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 100
- Self-reflection forms
- Problem-solving exercises
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
- Visual aids
- Real holding tools
- Pictures of holding tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 115
- Task scenarios
- Holding tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 116
- Pictures of holding tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 117
- Safety equipment
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 119
- Pictures of tool maintenance
- Cleaning materials

- Problem-solving questions - Self-assessment - Written tests

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Importance of holding tools in day-to-day life
Driving Tools - Driving tools used in day-to-day life
Driving Tools - Selecting driving tools for performing given tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of holding tools
- Describe how holding tools help in task performance
- Value the role of holding tools in daily activities

- Study a picture of a worker using a holding tool
- Discuss how the holding tool helps the worker
- Explain how holding tools ensure safety
- Describe the importance of holding tools in the community

How do holding tools make work easier and safer?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 120
- Pictures of workers using holding tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 121
- Word search puzzles
- Problem-solving exercises
- Self-reflection forms
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 124
- Pictures of driving tools
- Real driving tools
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 125
- Task scenarios
- Driving tools

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Uses of driving tools
Driving Tools - Caring for driving tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe tasks performed using driving tools
- Explain uses of different driving tools
- Value the importance of driving tools in task performance

- Study pictures of people using driving tools
- Describe what is happening in each picture
- Discuss the uses of different driving tools
- Mention tasks observed being performed using driving tools

How are different driving tools used in a workplace?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
- Pictures of driving tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 128
- Driving tools
- Safety equipment
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 130
- Pictures of tool maintenance
- Cleaning materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Importance of driving tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of driving tools
- Identify tasks that require driving tools
- Appreciate the role of driving tools in daily life

- Mention tasks that can be performed using driving tools
- Discuss the importance of driving tools in day-to-day life
- Explain how driving tools make work easier
- Describe safety benefits of proper tool use

How do driving tools improve productivity and safety?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 131
- Pictures of tasks using driving tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 132
- Crossword puzzles
- Problem-solving exercises
- Self-reflection forms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Role of intermediaries
Distribution of Goods and Services - Channels for distributing goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of channels of distribution
- Describe the role of intermediaries
- Appreciate the importance of distribution channels

- Discuss and present the meaning of channels of distribution
- Explain the role of intermediaries in distribution
- Search for information on intermediaries in distribution
- Present findings to the class

Why are intermediaries important in the distribution of goods and services?

- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Charts showing distribution channels
- Charts
- Pictures of intermediaries
- Video clips
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Channels for distributing goods and services
Distribution of Goods and Services - Ethical and unethical practices
Distribution of Goods and Services - Ethical and unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare different distribution channels
- Analyze factors affecting channel choice
- Appreciate the importance of selecting appropriate channels

- Analyze case studies on different distribution channels
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of each channel
- Discuss factors affecting choice of distribution channel
- Present findings to the class

How do businesses decide which distribution channel to use?

- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Charts
- Reference books
- Reference books
- Newspaper articles
- Role play scenarios

- Case study analysis - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Participation in distribution
Project - Identifying problems to be solved

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify distribution activities in the community
- Explain ways to participate in distribution
- Show interest in distribution activities

- Visit local businesses to observe distribution activities
- Interview business owners about distribution processes
- Document distribution activities observed
- Present findings to the class

How can individuals participate in the distribution of goods and services?

- Local businesses
- Community resources
- Digital resources
- Interview guides
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 153
- Questionnaires
- Recording materials

- Field notes - Interview assessment - Oral presentation

Tools and Production

Project - Identifying problems to be solved
Project - Selecting an item to solve the identified problem
Project - Selecting an item to solve the identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze collected data on community problems
- Select problems that can be solved using acquired skills
- Appreciate the value of problem-solving

- Analyze data collected during community visit
- Identify skills learned in Pre-Technical Studies
- Select problems that can be solved using the skills
- Describe how solving the problems benefits the community

Which problems can be effectively addressed with our existing skills?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 154
- Collected data
- Digital resources
- Presentation materials
- Reference materials
- Problem analysis tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 155
- Evaluation tools

- Data analysis - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Project - Making an item to solve the problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch the selected item
- Plan the making process
- Show creativity in design

- Make freehand sketches of the selected item
- Use resources to find steps for making the item
- Create a plan for making the item
- Prepare material and tool lists

How should we plan the making process?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 155
- Drawing materials
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 156
- Local materials
- Tool catalogs

- Sketches assessment - Planning assessment - Oral presentation

Tools and Production

Project - Making an item to solve the problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Follow safety procedures
- Use tools and materials appropriately
- Show responsibility during the making process

- Wear appropriate safety gear
- Assemble materials and tools
- Inspect tools for good condition
- Begin making the item following planned steps

What safety considerations are important during the making process?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 156
- Safety gear
- Tools and materials
- Work space
- Cleaning supplies
- Evaluation tools

- Observation - Safety compliance - Work progress

Tools and Production

Project - Making an item to solve the problem
Project - Utilizing skills to solve problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate the cost of the item
- Determine an appropriate price
- Show understanding of basic costing

- Estimate the total cost spent to make the item
- Calculate the profit margin
- Determine the selling price
- Document the costing process

How do we determine the cost and appropriate price for our item?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 156
- Cost calculation tools
- Digital resources
- Pricing guides
- Finished item
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 157
- Documentation tools
- Community resources

- Cost calculation - Pricing strategy - Documentation assessment

Tools and Production

Project - Utilizing skills to solve problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Evaluate the success of the solution
- Identify areas for improvement
- Show commitment to continuous improvement

- Evaluate how well the item solved the problem
- Identify strengths and weaknesses of the solution
- Suggest improvements for future projects
- Complete a self-reflection form

What have we learned from this project and how can we improve?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 157
- Evaluation tools
- Self-reflection forms
- Feedback data
- Finished item
- Presentation materials
- Community venue

- Solution evaluation - Improvement suggestions - Self-reflection

Tools and Production
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship

Project - Utilizing skills to solve problems
Financial Services - Financial institutions available in Kenya
Financial Services - Financial institutions available in Kenya
Financial Services - Classification of financial institutions in Kenya
Financial Services - Services offered by financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Document the entire project process
- Create a comprehensive project report
- Show appreciation for skills acquired

- Create a comprehensive project report
- Include problem identification, solution development, implementation, and evaluation
- Reflect on skills acquired and applied
- Present the final report

How can we document our project journey for future reference?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 157
- Project documentation
- Digital resources
- Reporting templates
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 160
- Pictures of financial institutions
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 161
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 162
- Presentation materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 164
- Presentation tools

- Project report - Documentation quality - Presentation skills

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Reasons for government involvement in business
Government and Business - Ways of government involvement in business
Government and Business - Ways of government involvement in business
Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways government gets involved in business
- Explain reasons for government involvement
- Appreciate the role of government in business

- Study pictures showing government involvement in business
- Discuss ways government gets involved in business
- Brainstorm reasons for government involvement
- Present findings in class

Why does the government get involved in business activities?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 169
- Pictures showing government involvement
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 170
- Flashcards
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 171
- Pictures of regulatory actions
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 172
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 173
- Pictures of public facilities

- Observation - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya
Government and Business - e-Government services in business
Business Plan - Importance of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of taxes in Kenya
- Explain the purpose of each tax type
- Show responsibility towards tax compliance

- Use available resources to find information about tax types
- Discuss types of taxes (income tax, VAT, corporate tax, excise duty)
- Find out current rates of each tax type
- Present findings in class

What are the different types of taxes collected in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 175
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 176
- Case study
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 180
- Video link

- Research assessment - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Importance of a business plan
Business Plan - Components of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Search for information on business plans
- Describe benefits of business planning
- Show interest in business planning

- Use available resources to search for information on business plans
- Watch a video on the importance of business plans
- Note down findings
- Present findings in class

How does a business plan contribute to business success?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 181
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Video link
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 183
- Charts
- Sample business plans
- Digital resources

- Research assessment - Note-taking - Oral presentation

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Components of a business plan
Business Plan - Filling in a business plan template

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze case studies on business plan components
- Describe the purpose of each component
- Appreciate comprehensive business planning

- Read case studies on business plan components
- Identify the components described in the case studies
- Describe each component identified
- Share the description with other groups

How do the different components work together in a business plan?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 184
- Case studies
- Sample business plans
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 185
- Business plan template
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Case study analysis - Oral presentation - Written assignments