CITIZENSHIP

Listening and Speaking

Polite Language: Euphemism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline words and phrases used to express euphemism.
- Use euphemism to show politeness in communication.
- Acknowledge the importance of euphemism in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Search the internet or dictionary for the meaning of euphemism.
- Identify examples of polite words and expressions used in a communication.
- Listen to an audio interview or simulate an interview from a text and identify euphemism.
- Use euphemism in a conversation and record using digital devices.
- Create posters with euphemistic words and phrases and share them.

Why is it embarrassing to say some words in public? Why should we use polite language?

Dictionary
Digital devices
Posters
Lesson notes

Observation.                  Oral questions.        Written questions         Oral presentation Checklists

Listening and Speaking

Polite Language: Debate

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Conduct a debate while adhering to conventions of polite language.
- Acknowledge the importance of politeness in communication.
- Value respectful expression of divergent opinions.

The learner is guided to:
- Collaborate in making rules for a debating session.
- Conduct a debate in small groups on titles such as 'passengers can avert road crashes'.
- Use polite language and proper debate etiquette.

How can we show good citizenship with regards to road safety?

Library
Digital devices
Online fiction and non-fiction texts
Lesson notes
Video clips
English songs

Oral presentation Observation schedule Debates Checklists Assessment rubrics

Grammar in Use

Gender Neutral Language

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use gender neutral words and phrases in sentences.
- Acknowledge the importance of gender sensitivity in communication.
- Show respect for both genders in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Replace words with gender bias in poems or story with gender neutral words and phrases.
- Use the gender neutral words and phrases to make sentences.
- Rewrite/paraphrase short texts to eliminate gender bias.
- Fill in crossword puzzles featuring gender neutral words and phrases.

What is the importance of gender sensitivity in communication?

Digital devices
Crossword puzzles
Lesson notes
Class Readers - Play
Lesson notes

Observation.                  Oral questions               Peer Assessment Checklists                  Written questions

Reading II

Play: Structure and Setting of Class Reader

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze the acts and scenes of a Play for literary appreciation.
- Recognize the role of literary appreciation in critical thinking.
- Appreciate the role of literary appreciation in critical thinking.

The learner is guided to:
- Study a given play and then analyze the acts and scenes in the Play.
- Discuss the actions in the Play.
- Collaborate with peers to role play some of the actions and characters in a Play.
- Write a summary of a scene in a play and share with peers for assessment.

Why is it necessary to know when and where the actions in a Play took place?

Class readers - Play
Lesson notes

Checklists                       Oral questions.             Oral presentation        Role play                   Written questions

SCIENCE FICTION

Listening and Speaking

Oral Literature: Short Forms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the characteristics of riddles, tongue twisters and proverbs.
- Explain the functions of riddles, tongue twisters and proverbs.
- Appreciate the importance of short forms in fostering fluency in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Use digital or print resources to search for information on the meaning and characteristics of riddles, proverbs and tongue twisters.
- Write down their findings in note books.
- Discuss the functions of the proverbs, tongue twisters and riddles.
- Give examples of riddles, tongue twisters and proverbs.
- Fill in crossword puzzles using riddles and proverbs.

Why are riddles, proverbs and tongue twisters important?

Digital devices
Resource person
Resource person
Resource books
Lesson note
Poems
Daughter of Nature

Oral questions    Assessment rubrics Checklists                 Written questions

Grammar in Use

Nouns and Quantifiers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify quantifiers used with count, non-count or both categories.
- Use the different quantifiers in sentences.
- Acknowledge the importance of quantifiers in oral and written communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Use digital devices to search for information on the meaning of quantifiers and quantifiers used with count and non-count nouns.
- Read a short passage in which quantifiers are used to describe count and non-count nouns.
- Identify quantifiers that are used with count, non-count.
- Form sentences using the different quantifiers with count and non-count nouns.
- Prepare charts showing the quantifiers used with count, non-count nouns and both of them.

Why is it important to express the quantity of something correctly?

Lesson notes
Charts
Charts
Digital devices

Assessment rubrics Written tests.                 Oral questions Checklists

Reading II

Intensive Reading: Plot (Class Reader)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the key events in a play.
- Describe the sequence of events in a Play.
- Acknowledge the importance of a plot in a literary work.

The learner is guided to:
- Read a play and then identify the key events in the Play.
- Create a summary of the key events and share in class for assessment.
- Analyze the events in a Play.
- Outline the sequence of events in the Play.
- Answer questions based on the plot.
- Make connections between events in a play and real life.
- Role play a section of the Play in groups.

How do we know the key events in a Play?

Class Readers - Play
Lesson notes

Plot diagrams

Checklists                        Peer Assessment Assessment rubrics Written questions

Writing

Mechanics of Writing: Punctuation
Mechanics of Writing: Brackets
Mechanics of Writing: Quotation Marks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various punctuation marks and their functions.
- Use punctuation marks correctly in writing.
- Appreciate the importance of proper punctuation in written communication.

The learner is guided to:
- List different punctuation marks they know.
- Discuss the functions of each punctuation mark.
- Study examples of correctly punctuated texts.
- Identify punctuation errors in given texts and correct them.
- Practice using various punctuation marks in their own writing.

Why is proper punctuation important in writing?

Sample texts

Sample dialogues

Written exercises    Editing activities           Peer assessment Punctuation quizzes Observation

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

Listening and Speaking

Listening Comprehension (Grade Appropriate Texts)
Our Earth
Reading for Information and Meaning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify main ideas and specific details from a listening text.
- Relate ideas heard to personal experiences.
- Value the importance of active listening in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to texts on environmental conservation.
- Identify main ideas and specific details from the texts.
- Relate ideas in the text to personal experiences.
- Discuss different aspects of effective listening.
- Pick out important details from a talk on environmental conservation.

How can we become better listeners?

Audio texts
Resource person
Audio recordings

Observation.                  Oral questions.        Listening comprehension exercises                       Note-taking                   Peer assessment

Reading I

Making Notes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make notes from a text on environmental conservation.
- Organize information from a text logically.
- Value the importance of note-making in information retention.

The learner is guided to:
- Read a text on environmental conservation.
- Identify key points in the text.
- Make notes from the text using appropriate formats.
- Use the notes to write summaries.
- Share and review notes with peers.

Why is note-making an important skill in reading?

Environmental texts
Digital devices
Note-making templates
Sample texts

Note-making exercises Summarizing activities Peer review             Written exercises Observation

Grammar in Use

Modal Auxiliaries: Meanings
 Usage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use modal auxiliaries to express ability, possibility, permission and obligation.
- Construct sentences using modal auxiliaries.
- Value the importance of modal auxiliaries in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Identify modal auxiliaries in dialogues and other texts.
- Construct sentences using modal auxiliaries to express different meanings.
- Create dialogues using modal auxiliaries.
- Group sentences according to the meaning expressed by the modal auxiliary.
- Collaborate in creating environmental awareness campaigns using modal auxiliaries.

How do we use modal auxiliaries to express different meanings?

Grammar charts
Sample texts
Sentence stripes 

Sentence construction Written exercises      Group work.          Dialogue creation         Peer assessment

Writing

Poems: Figurative Language
Structure of a Paragraph
Selective Listening

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify figurative language in poems.
- Explain the effect of figurative language in poems.
- Appreciate the role of figurative language in poetry.

The learner is guided to:
- Read poems aloud.
- Identify figurative language in poems including personification, similes, and metaphors.
- Discuss the effect of figurative language in poems.
- Compare the use of figurative language in different poems.
- Create their own examples of figurative language.

How does figurative language enhance the meaning and effect of a poem?

Poetry collection 
Sample paragraphs
Writing guides
Video clips

Identification activities Written analysis    Creative writing            Oral discussions.           Peer assessment

CONSUMER PROTECTION: CONSUMER LAWS AND POLICIES

Listening and Speaking

News bulletin 
Intensive Reading
 Vocabulary Development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the main ideas and supporting details in a news bulletin.
- Sequence events in a news bulletin.
- Show appreciation for the role of selective listening in understanding news bulletins.

The learner is guided to:
- Listen to news bulletins on consumer protection.
- Identify main ideas and supporting details.
- Sequence events in the news bulletins.
- Discuss why some details are more important than others.
- Create and present their own news bulletins on consumer protection.

How are news bulletins structured to highlight important information?

Sample news bulletin  
Dictionary
Crossword puzzles

Presentations.                Oral questions            Group discussions Sequencing activities.           Peer assessment

Grammar in Use

Present Perfect Aspect and Past Perfect Aspect
Present Perfect Aspect

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the present perfect and past perfect aspects in sentences.
- Explain the functions of present perfect and past perfect aspects.
- Appreciate the role of perfect aspects in expressing time relationships.

The learner is guided to:
- Use the verbs 'has', 'have' and 'had' in sentences.
- Identify verbs that express the perfect aspect in sentences.
- Differentiate between present perfect and past perfect aspects.
- Categorize sentences according to the perfect aspect used.
- Discuss the features of perfect aspects.

How do we express actions that are completed at different times?

Grammar charts
Digital devices
Sample texts

Written exercises Identification activities Categorization tasks Group discussions          Oral questions

Grammar in Use

Past Perfect Aspect

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use the past perfect aspect appropriately in sentences.
- Explain the functions of the past perfect aspect.
- Appreciate the role of the past perfect aspect in expressing sequence of past events.

The learner is guided to:
- Identify the past perfect aspect in texts.
- Discuss the uses of the past perfect aspect.
- Construct sentences using the past perfect aspect.
- Complete sentences using appropriate forms of the past perfect aspect.
- Create stories using the past perfect aspect.

Why do we need the past perfect aspect when talking about past events?

Grammar charts

Sample texts
Sentence stripes 

Sentence construction Written exercises.       Story creation.             Gap-filling activities Group discussions

Writing

Narrative and Descriptive Paragraphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Differentiate between narrative and descriptive paragraphs.
- Write effective narrative and descriptive paragraphs.
- Appreciate the importance of different paragraph types in writing.

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss pictures in detail.
- Differentiate between narrative and descriptive writing.
- Write descriptive paragraphs about places, people, or things.
- Write narrative paragraphs about events.
- Evaluate their own and peers' paragraphs.

How do narrative and descriptive paragraphs differ in purpose and structure?

Writing guides
 Sample paragraphs
Word lists

Paragraph writing        Peer assessment            Self-assessment        Written exercises      Group discussions

RELATIONSHIPS: COMMUNITY

Listening and Speaking

Sentence Stress

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify words that carry main meaning in sentences.
- Apply appropriate stress on main words and minor words in sentences.
- Appreciate the importance of sentence stress in effective communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Study example sentences and identify words that carry main meaning.
- Say sentences stressing the main words.
- Say sentences stressing different words to change the meaning or emphasis.
- Create and say tongue twisters with appropriate stress.
- Practice stressing minor words to change sentence meaning.

How does sentence stress affect the meaning of a sentence?

Audio recordings
Sample sentences
Stress pattern charts
Dictionary

Oral exercises             Stress pattern identification         Sentence reading Dialogue creation Observation

Grammar in Use

Order of Adjectives
Types of Adjectives

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of adjectives.
- Arrange adjectives in the correct order before nouns.
- Appreciate the importance of correct adjective order in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Look at pictures and describe various aspects.
- Study notes on different types of adjectives.
- Identify and categorize adjectives in a passage.
- Compare their categorizations with other groups.
- Correct the order of adjectives in sentences.

Why is the order of adjectives important in English?

Grammar charts
Sample texts
Crossword puzzles

Identification activities Categorization tasks Written exercises Correction activities Group discussions

Grammar in Use

Using Adjectives in Communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply the correct order of adjectives in descriptions.
- Construct sentences using multiple adjectives correctly.
- Show interest in using varied adjectives to enhance descriptions.

The learner is guided to:
- Describe objects using multiple adjectives in the correct order.
- Correct the order of adjectives in given sentences.
- Work in groups of eight to demonstrate the correct order of adjectives.
- Tell stories using different types of adjectives.
- Create descriptions using multiple adjectives.

How can we use adjectives effectively to create vivid descriptions?

Pictures
Objects
Sample texts
Class reader - Play

Story creation.    Description exercises Group activities             Oral presentations.      Peer assessment

Writing

Letter of Application
Components of a Letter of Application
Writing a Letter of Application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the parts of a letter of application.
- Explain the purpose of a letter of application.
- Appreciate the importance of proper letter format in formal communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss letters of application they have written before.
- Describe the various parts of application letters.
- Discuss why people write letters of application.
- Study the three formats of application letters.
- Match outlines with formats of application letters.

Why is proper formatting important in a letter of application?

Sample letters
Digital devices
Writing guides

Group discussions Matching activities Format identification    Oral presentations Observation

LEISURE TIME

Listening and Speaking

Conversational Skills: Negotiation Skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify words or expressions used in negotiations.
- Use appropriate verbal cues during negotiations.
- Value the importance of negotiation skills in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Work in groups and tell one another about situations in which they have negotiated with a parent, guardian, sibling, or teacher.
- Talk about words or expressions that can be used to get the best outcome in negotiations.
- Read notes on negotiation skills.
- Watch a video recording of a conversation between a mother and son demonstrating negotiation skills.

How can we use language to negotiate effectively?

Books and magazines
Props for dramatization

Observation.              Group discussions.       Role play

Reading I

Poetry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Dramatize a poem related to negotiations.
- Engage in business negotiations.
- Demonstrate respect and consideration in negotiations.

The learner is guided to:
- Dramatize the poem 'Betrothed' by Obyero Odhiambo working in two teams.
- Engage in negotiations as a seller and buyer of rabbits, pigeons, or chickens using appropriate non-verbal cues.

How can negotiation skills be applied in business settings?

Digital devices
Poem 
Passage for reading
Stopwatch

Dramatization.              Role play.                        Peer assessment

Reading 

Reading Fluency

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways to enhance reading fluency.
- Apply techniques to improve reading rate and accuracy.
- Value the importance of developing reading fluency.

The learner is guided to:
- Read notes on reading fluency.
- Without referring to the textbook, tell each other how to enhance reading rate and accuracy.
- Work in pairs to pick sentences from a passage and divide them into phrases.
- Write sentences on flash cards and time each other as they read the sentences aloud.

How can we enhance our reading fluency?

Flash cards
Stopwatch.            Sample passage

Observation            Reading rate measurement                Peer assessment

Grammar in Use

Comparison of Adverbs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify adverbs in sentences.
- Form the comparative and superlative forms of adverbs.
- Value the correct use of adverbs in communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Study sentences and identify words that tell when things happened.
- Group words according to their degrees of comparison.
- Listen to a recording about comparison of adverbs and discuss the rules for forming comparative and superlative adverbs.

How do we form comparative and superlative adverbs?

Charts
Handouts with exercises
Exercise sheets

Oral questions         Written exercises       Group discussions

Grammar in Use

Comparison of Adverbs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use adverbs in different degrees of comparison in dialogues.
- Construct sentences using different forms of adverbs.
- Appreciate the role of adverbs in enriching communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Read a sample dialogue paying attention to highlighted adverbs.
- Act out the dialogue and record themselves.
- Share the recording online.
- Role play a situation in which they are talking about preferred leisure time activities using positive, comparative, and superlative adverbs.

How do adverbs enhance communication in dialogues?

Digital recording devices
Sample dialogue

Role play.                  Dialogue creation Recording assessment

Reading II

Intensive Reading: Play

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare and contrast characters in a play.
- Deduce themes from character analysis.
- Appreciate how characterization contributes to theme development.

The learner is guided to:
- Read the excerpt again.
- Identify the differences between Ababio and Aminata.
- Answer questions about whether Aminata should inherit her father's land.
- Discuss the message the playwright wishes to communicate about inheritance.

How do characters in a play help develop themes?

Digital recording devices
Props for dramatization

Group discussions Character comparison charts Written responses

Reading II

Intensive Reading: Play

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Connect themes in a play to real life.
- Discuss traditions related to marriage, inheritance, and women's roles.
- Appreciate the relevance of literary themes to real life.

The learner is guided to:
- Talk about situations they know of that are similar to what happens in the play.
- Discuss traditions in their community that revolve around marriage, inheritance, and the place and role of women.
- Read another excerpt and talk about its theme.

How do themes in plays relate to real-life situations?

Excerpt from a play
Dictionary
Books and magazines
Dictionary

Group discussions        Oral presentations Written reflections

Writing

Mechanics of Writing: Spelling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and spell commonly misspelled words.
- Write words with correct spelling.
- Appreciate the importance of correct spelling in written communication.

The learner is guided to:
- For each word, write another that is pronounced the same way.
- Listen to the teacher say commonly misspelled words and write them correctly.
- Complete a crossword puzzle using clues provided.

Why are some words commonly misspelled and how can we remember their correct spelling?

Crossword puzzles
List of commonly misspelled words
List of homophones
Audio recording of passage about marine life

Dictation.            Crossword puzzles Spelling tests

NATURAL RESOURCES: MARINE LIFE

Listening and Speaking

Listening Comprehension: Listening for Details

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Paraphrase information from a listening text.
- Record new information learned from listening.
- Value listening as a source of knowledge.

The learner is guided to:
- Work in pairs and tell each other the new information they have learned from the passage.
- Rewrite the passage in their own words.
- Search online for more information about marine life.

How can we effectively process and remember information we hear?

Digital devices for online search
Video about oceans

Paraphrasing assessment Written summaries Information recall

Listening and Speaking

Listening Comprehension: Listening for Details

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Research information about marine creatures.
- Present findings orally to the class.
- Value the importance of research and presentation skills.

The learner is guided to:
- Select one sea creature and do research on it.
- Tell the class what they find out.
- Listen attentively to others' presentations.

How can research enhance our knowledge about marine life?

Reference books
Charts with interrogative pronouns
Charts with relative pronouns

Oral presentations Research assessment    Peer evaluation

Grammar in Use

Relative Pronouns and Interrogative Pronouns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between relative and interrogative pronouns.
- Use relative and interrogative pronouns correctly in sentences.
- Value the importance of pronouns in clear communication.

The learner is guided to:
- Work in pairs to indicate whether highlighted words in sentences are interrogative or relative pronouns.
- Explain their answers based on the function of the words in the sentences.
- Discuss the difference between relative and interrogative pronouns.

How can we distinguish between relative and interrogative pronouns?

Exercise sheets with sentences.             Sample passage
Exercise sheets with error correction tasks

Classification exercises Explanation tasks         Pair work assessment

Grammar in Use

Relative Pronouns and Interrogative Pronouns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create sentences using relative and interrogative pronouns.
- Use pronouns to refer to wildlife and environmental activities.
- Value the role of pronouns in communication about nature.

The learner is guided to:
- Go out of the classroom and form groups.
- Use specified interrogative and relative pronouns to create sentences that refer to the activities of wildlife and environmental clubs.
- Record themselves on video as they say the sentences.

How can we use pronouns to communicate about environmental issues?

Digital recording devices
Sample dialogue
Digital sharing platforms
Question templates

Sentence creation.      Video recording assessment                  Group work evaluation

Reading II

Intensive Reading: Play

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Watch and interpret a video clip from a play.
- Predict dialogue content based on non-verbal cues.
- Appreciate the role of non-verbal communication in plays.

The learner is guided to:
- Watch a muted video clip from a play performed at the National Schools and Colleges Drama Festival.
- Tell each other what they think the play is about and what the characters are saying.
- Talk about the actors' use of non-verbal cues, costumes, and props.

How do non-verbal cues contribute to meaning in a play?

Video clip from a play

Excerpt from a  play 

Group discussions Interpretation assessment Non-verbal cue analysis

Reading II

Intensive Reading: Play

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- List characters in a play excerpt.
- Identify character relationships.
- Appreciate how character relationships develop conflict and theme.

The learner is guided to:
- Make a list of characters in the excerpt, including those mentioned but not appearing on stage.
- Show how characters are related to each other.
- Identify characters that do not get along and explain what they disagree about.

How do character relationships contribute to conflict and theme in a play?

Excerpt from play
Character trait chart
Props for dramatization
Digital recording devices

Character listing Relationship mapping Conflict identification

Writing

The Writing Process

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Connect play characters to real people.
- Write a persuasive text about a character's viewpoint.
- Appreciate the relevance of plays to real life.

The learner is guided to:
- Talk about people they know or have heard about who are like Jumba, Ngoya, Nuhu, and Aminata.
- In writing, explain how they would convince Jumba to change his mind.
- Share their writing with the class.

How can we relate play characters to real people and situations?

Writing material
Charts showing writing process

Character connection exercise               Persuasive writing Sharing assessment