Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Protons, electrons and neutrons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term atom
- Describe the structure of an atom
- Show interest in learning about atoms

- Discuss the meaning of an atom and illustrate its structure
- Search the Internet or use reference books to get information about the atom
- Draw the structure of an atom

How is the structure of the atom important?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 1
- Digital resources
- Internet access and reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Protons, electrons and neutrons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the subatomic particles in an atom
- Explain the location and electrical charges of subatomic particles
- Show interest in the study of atoms

- Discuss the composition of an atom
- Locate the components within the atom
- Discuss the electrical charges of protons, electrons and neutrons

How small are atoms and are they divisible?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 1
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Charts showing atomic structure

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Atomic number and mass number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the terms atomic number and mass number
- Illustrate atomic number and mass number using chemical symbols
- Calculate the mass number of elements

- Search the Internet or use reference books to find out about atomic number and mass number
- Discuss how to illustrate atomic number and mass number
- Calculate and record the mass numbers of elements

What is the relationship between atomic number and identity of an element?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 2
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Periodic table

- Written assignments - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Atomic number and mass number
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Determine the mass number of elements
- Work out the number of neutrons in various elements
- Appreciate the relationship between atomic number and mass number

- Explain the meaning of electron arrangement
- State the rules of electron arrangement
- Write electron arrangements of elements

- Work collaboratively to determine mass numbers
- Complete a table showing atomic numbers, number of neutrons and mass numbers
- Discuss the relationship between atomic number and mass number
- Search for information about electron arrangement
- Discuss energy levels and their electron capacities
- Practice writing electron arrangements

How is the mass number of an element calculated?
How are electrons arranged in an atom?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 3
- Periodic table
- Internet access
- Reference books
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 5
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Periodic table

- Observation - Oral questions - Written questions
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Energy level diagrams

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Illustrate electron arrangements using diagrams
- Draw dot or cross diagrams for elements
- Show interest in electron arrangement diagrams

- Search for information on how to illustrate electron arrangements
- Draw dot or cross diagrams for different elements
- Compare diagrams with peers

How can electron arrangements be illustrated using diagrams?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 7
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Manila paper and felt pens

- Observation - Peer assessment - Drawing skills assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Energy level diagrams

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw electron dot or cross diagrams for various elements
- Label the energy levels correctly
- Appreciate the importance of energy level diagrams

- Draw dot or cross diagrams for elements
- Compare diagrams with charts
- Display completed diagrams for assessment

What information can be derived from energy level diagrams?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 7
- Charts
- Manila paper
- Colored pencils

- Observation - Portfolio assessment - Peer evaluation

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use electron arrangement to classify elements
- Identify metals and non-metals based on electron arrangement
- Appreciate the relationship between electron arrangement and element classification

- Search for information on metals and non-metals
- Classify the first 20 elements as metals or non-metals
- Complete a table showing classification of elements

How can electron arrangement be used to classify elements?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 8
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Periodic table

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals
Structure of the atom - Model the atomic structure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the features of metals based on electron arrangement
- Identify the features of non-metals based on electron arrangement
- Distinguish metals from non-metals

- Identify locally available materials for modeling atoms
- Plan how to model the atomic structure
- Show interest in modeling atoms

- Study electron arrangements of metals and non-metals
- Identify the pattern in electron arrangements
- Draw conclusions on classification
- Brainstorm and visualize atomic models
- Identify materials needed for modeling
- Discuss and refine steps for construction

What makes an element a metal or a non-metal?
How can we model the structure of selected elements?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 8
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Periodic table
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 9
- Locally available materials
- Reference books
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Model the atomic structure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Model the atomic structure of selected elements
- Label different parts of the atomic models
- Show creativity in modeling atomic structures

- Construct models of atomic structures
- Label different parts of the models
- Present models to class for assessment

What materials can be used to create effective atomic models?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 9
- Locally available materials
- Glue, scissors, colored papers
- Markers and labels

- Observation - Project assessment - Peer evaluation

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about atomic structure
- Attempt questions on structure of atoms
- Show confidence in understanding atomic structure

- Review key concepts of atomic structure
- Answer revision questions
- Discuss solutions to problems

How does understanding the structure of atoms help explain the properties of elements?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 10
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- Reference books

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Physical properties of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify metals and non-metals in the environment
- List characteristics used to identify metals
- Show interest in identifying metals and non-metals

- Walk around the school compound to identify metallic and non-metallic substances
- Discuss reasons for identification
- Compare findings with other groups

How would you identify metallic and non-metallic substances in your environment?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 12
- Various metallic and non-metallic objects
- Writing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Physical properties of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the melting points of metals
- Describe the physical state of metals at room temperature
- Appreciate the relationship between melting point and room temperature

- Demonstrate electrical conductivity of metals
- Explain why metals conduct electricity
- Show interest in investigating properties of metals

- Search for information on melting points of metals
- Complete a table of melting points and physical states
- Discuss the relationship between melting point and physical state
- Set up an electric circuit
- Test conductivity of various metals
- Record and discuss observations

What is the general state of metals at room temperature?
Why are metals good conductors of electricity?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 12
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Charts showing melting points
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 13
- Dry cells, connecting wires
- Metallic samples
- Bulbs and crocodile clips
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 14
- Metal rods
- Candles, matches
- Heat source
- Clamp and stand

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Physical properties of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate malleability of metals
- Explain how malleability is used in making metal products
- Appreciate the application of malleability

- Place metal samples on iron block
- Strike with hammer and observe changes
- Discuss observations and applications

How is the property of malleability useful in daily life?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 15
- Iron nails, copper wire
- Zinc rod, hammer
- Iron block

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Physical properties of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss the ductility of metals
- Explain the process of drawing metals into wires
- Appreciate the application of ductility

- Search for information on copper wire production
- Discuss the meaning of drawing metal into wire
- Present findings to class

What makes metals ductile?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 16
- Internet access
- Print media
- Wire samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Presentations

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Composition of alloys

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define what an alloy is
- Describe the composition of common alloys
- Show interest in learning about alloys

- Search for information on alloy production
- Discuss the composition of common alloys
- Present findings in a table

What are alloys and how are they made?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 18
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Alloy samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Composition of alloys
Metals and Alloys - Uses of metals and alloys

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify items made from different alloys
- Describe the appearance of common alloys
- Appreciate the uses of alloys

- Identify uses of common metals in daily life
- Relate the properties of metals to their uses
- Appreciate the importance of metals

- Examine the appearance of various items
- Search for information on alloy composition
- Complete table showing appearance of items
- Search for information on uses of metals
- Compile findings in a table format
- Present findings to class

Why are alloys used instead of pure metals?
How are metals used in day-to-day life?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 19
- Padlocks, keys, door hinges
- Spoons, kitchen knives
- Water taps, rivets
- Internet access
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 21
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Metal samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Uses of metals and alloys

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of common alloys in daily life
- Relate the properties of alloys to their uses
- Appreciate the importance of alloys

- Search for information on uses of alloys
- Compile findings in a table format
- Present findings to class

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 21
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Alloy samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Rusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what rusting is
- Discuss the causes of rusting
- Show interest in causes of rusting

- Search for information on rusting
- Discuss causes of rusting
- Write down findings

What causes metals to rust?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 23
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Rusted metal samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Rusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the process of rusting
- Identify conditions necessary for rusting
- Show interest in investigating rusting

- Set up apparatus to investigate rusting
- Observe changes over days
- Record and discuss observations

What conditions are necessary for rusting to occur?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 23
- Test tubes, nails
- Water, oil, cotton wool
- Anhydrous calcium chloride

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Rusting
Metals and Alloys - Rusting
Metals and Alloys - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the effects of rusting
- Discuss the economic impact of rusting
- Appreciate the importance of preventing rusting

- Discuss methods of preventing rusting
- Explain how each method works
- Show interest in rust prevention

- Discuss the effects of rusting
- Examine rusted items
- Calculate the cost of replacing rusted items
- Discuss methods of preventing rusting
- Demonstrate some prevention methods
- Present findings to class

What are the effects of rusting?
How can rusting be prevented?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 24
- Rusted metal samples
- Internet access
- Reference books
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 25
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Materials for demonstrations
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 26
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Physical properties of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the physical properties of water
- Test for the color of different water samples
- Show interest in investigating water properties

- Observe water samples of different colors
- Compare water samples with color chart
- Record observations

What are the physical properties of water?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 27
- Boiling tubes
- Colored solutions
- Test tubes rack
- Color chart

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Physical properties of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test for the odor of water
- Test for the taste of water
- Show interest in investigating water properties

- Smell water samples using correct technique
- Taste water samples (safe samples only)
- Record observations

What makes water tasteless and odorless?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 27
- Water samples
- Beakers
- Test tubes
- Droppers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Physical properties of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Determine the boiling point of water
- Explain why pure water boils at 100°C
- Show interest in investigating water properties

- Set up apparatus to measure boiling point
- Heat water and record temperature
- Determine the boiling point

How does temperature change as water is heated to boiling?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 28
- Beaker, thermometer
- Heat source
- Tripod stand, clamp
- Distilled water

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare lathering abilities of different water samples
- Test water samples with soap
- Classify water as hard or soft

- Define hard and soft water
- Explain the causes of water hardness
- Show interest in water hardness

- Test lathering ability of water samples
- Observe formation of lather
- Group water samples based on lathering
- Search for information on hard and soft water
- Discuss causes of water hardness
- Present findings to class

How is the lathering ability of water related to hardness?
What causes water to be hard?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 29
- Water samples
- Liquid soap
- Test tubes with corks
- Droppers
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 29
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Water samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between temporary and permanent hardness
- Identify the compounds that cause hardness
- Show interest in types of water hardness

- Discuss types of water hardness
- Identify compounds causing hardness
- Present findings to class

What is the difference between temporary and permanent hardness?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 30
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Hard water samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline advantages of hard water
- Explain applications of hard water
- Appreciate the importance of hard water

- Research advantages of hard water
- Discuss health benefits and applications
- Present findings to class

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 30
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline disadvantages of hard water
- Explain problems caused by hard water
- Appreciate the importance of understanding water hardness

- Research disadvantages of hard water
- Discuss effects on soap usage and appliances
- Present findings to class

What problems are associated with hard water?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 31
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Scaled kettle elements

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Methods of softening hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe methods of softening hard water
- Explain principles behind different methods
- Show interest in water treatment

- Soften hard water by boiling
- Test the effectiveness of boiling
- Show interest in water treatment

- Research methods of softening hard water
- Discuss various softening methods
- Present findings to class
- Boil samples of hard water
- Test water before and after boiling
- Compare results

What methods can be used to soften hard water?
How effective is boiling in softening hard water?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 32
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Charts
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 32
- Calcium hydrogen carbonate solution
- Soap solution
- Heat source
- Test tubes
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 33
- Sodium carbonate
- Filter paper and funnel

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Methods of softening hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Soften hard water by distillation
- Test the effectiveness of distillation
- Show interest in water treatment

- Set up distillation apparatus
- Distill hard water samples
- Test water before and after distillation

How effective is distillation in softening hard water?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 34
- Round-bottomed flask
- Liebig condenser
- Heat source
- Hard water samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Methods of softening hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare different methods of softening water
- Evaluate the effectiveness of each method
- Show interest in water treatment

- Compare results from different softening methods
- Discuss advantages and disadvantages of each method
- Present findings to class

Which method of softening water is most effective?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 35
- Previous experimental results
- Reference books
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about water hardness
- Attempt questions on water hardness
- Show confidence in understanding water hardness

- Review key concepts
- Answer revision questions
- Discuss solutions to problems

Why is understanding water hardness important in daily life?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 36
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- Reference books

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Parts of a leaf
Nutrition in plants - Internal structure of a leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the external parts of a leaf
- Observe and draw the external structure of a leaf
- Show interest in studying parts of a leaf

- Identify the internal structures of a leaf
- Draw and label the internal structure of a leaf
- Show interest in the internal structure of the leaf

- Pluck a variety of leaves from different plants and take them to the laboratory
- Study the leaves and describe their lamina based on size, surface area, leaf veins and thickness
- Draw a large well-labelled diagram of one of the leaves
- Observe prepared slides of transverse sections of a leaf under a light microscope
- Identify various structures in the sections observed
- Draw and label the internal structure of the leaf

What are the parts of a leaf?
How does the internal structure of a leaf relate to its function?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 64)
- Hand lens
- Variety of fresh leaves
- Labelled charts of a leaf
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 65)
- Prepared slides of leaf sections
- Light microscope
- Charts of leaf TS

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests
- Drawing skills - Observation checklist - Written questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Functions of leaf parts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the functions of different parts of a leaf
- Explain the role of each part in photosynthesis
- Appreciate the structure-function relationship in leaves

- Discuss the functions of different parts of a leaf and their roles in photosynthesis
- Use charts and digital media to reinforce understanding of leaf functions
- Share findings with peers

How are the different parts of a leaf adapted to their functions?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 66)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing leaf structures

- Oral questions - Written assessment - Group presentations

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Adaptations of the leaf to photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain adaptations of the leaf to photosynthesis
- Relate leaf adaptations to their functions
- Appreciate how adaptations enhance photosynthesis

- Search Internet or offline digital content for information on adaptations of the leaf to photosynthesis
- Discuss how leaf features maximize photosynthesis
- Share findings with peers

How are leaves adapted to carry out photosynthesis efficiently?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 67)
- Digital resources
- Wall charts on leaf adaptations

- Oral questions - Written assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Structure and function of chloroplast

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the structure of chloroplast
- Explain the functions of parts of the chloroplast
- Show interest in the chloroplast as site of photosynthesis

- Search for information on the structure of chloroplast using digital resources
- Draw and label a chloroplast showing its internal structure
- Discuss functions of chloroplast components

Why is the chloroplast important in photosynthesis?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 68)
- Digital resources
- Charts of chloroplast structure

- Diagrams - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Process of photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Light and dark reactions
Nutrition in plants - Products of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of photosynthesis
- Identify raw materials and products of photosynthesis
- Appreciate the importance of photosynthesis

- Describe the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis
- Describe the dark stage (carbon fixation) of photosynthesis
- Show interest in the stages of photosynthesis

- Discuss pictorial summaries of photosynthesis
- Describe the light and dark stages of photosynthesis
- Discuss raw materials and their sources
- Discuss the reactions in light-dependent stage of photosynthesis
- Discuss the carbon fixation process in the dark stage
- Use charts and animations to enhance understanding

What happens during the process of photosynthesis?
How do the light and dark stages differ in photosynthesis?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 69)
- Digital resources
- Charts on photosynthesis
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 70)
- Digital resources
- Charts on photosynthesis stages
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 71)
- Charts on photosynthesis
- Reference books

- Written test - Oral questions - Diagrams
- Written questions - Oral assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Gas produced during photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the gas produced during photosynthesis
- Identify oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis
- Appreciate the experimental approach to studying photosynthesis

- Set up experiment with water plants to collect gas produced during photosynthesis
- Test the collected gas with a glowing splint
- Record and discuss observations

What gas is released during photosynthesis?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 72)
- Water plants (Elodea)
- Test tubes, beakers
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate

- Practical skills - Written reports - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Testing for starch in a leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the test for starch in a leaf
- Perform the starch test on a leaf
- Show interest in experimental procedures

- Take a green leaf exposed to light for 5 hours
- Follow the procedure for testing starch in a leaf
- Observe and record results

How can we test for the presence of starch in a leaf?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 73)
- Fresh leaves
- Iodine solution
- Methylated spirit, hot water

- Practical skills - Written reports - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Conditions necessary for photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss conditions necessary for photosynthesis
- Explain the role of different factors in photosynthesis
- Show interest in factors affecting photosynthesis

- Search for information on conditions necessary for photosynthesis
- Discuss the role of light, carbon(IV) oxide, chlorophyll, and water
- Share findings with class

What conditions are necessary for photosynthesis to occur?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 74)
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Written questions - Oral assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Investigating light in photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Investigating carbon(IV) oxide in photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the necessity of light in photosynthesis
- Explain why light is essential for photosynthesis
- Show experimental skills in investigating photosynthesis

- Investigate the necessity of carbon(IV) oxide in photosynthesis
- Explain the role of carbon(IV) oxide in photosynthesis
- Demonstrate scientific skills in experimental design

- Cover one leaf of a potted plant with light-proof material
- Place plant in dark for 48 hours then in light for 2-3 hours
- Test covered and uncovered leaves for starch
- Set up apparatus with leaf in a flask containing sodium hydroxide
- Test the leaf for starch after exposure to light
- Compare with control leaf outside the flask

Why is light necessary for photosynthesis?
Why is carbon(IV) oxide necessary for photosynthesis?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 75)
- Potted plant
- Light-proof material
- Iodine solution
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 76)
- Potted plant
- Conical flask, cork
- Sodium hydroxide pellets

- Practical skills - Written reports - Observation