Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Types of raised platforms used in performing tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of raised platforms used in the workplace
- Explain how raised platforms help in performing tasks
- Appreciate the importance of raised platforms in performing tasks

- Walk around the school to explore types of raised platforms (ladders, trestles, steps, stands, workbenches, ramps)
- Brainstorm on the types of raised platforms used in day-to-day life
- Discuss how different types of raised platforms are used in different environments

What can you use to reach for items located at a height such as the top shelf or the roof?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Different raised platforms
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 3
- Pictures of people using raised platforms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Risks associated with working on raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify risks associated with working on raised platforms
- Analyze causes of accidents when using raised platforms
- Show concern for safety when working on raised platforms

- Study pictures showing accidents that may occur while using raised platforms
- Discuss possible causes of the accidents shown in the pictures
- Use internet-connected digital device or print media to search for information on risks associated with working on raised platforms
- Watch videos on risks associated with working on raised platforms

What are the risks associated with working on raised platforms?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 5
- Pictures showing accidents on raised platforms
- Digital resources
- Internet access
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Posters showing safety measures
- Safety equipment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate safety practices when working on raised platforms
- Apply appropriate safety measures for specific raised platforms
- Value the importance of observing safety measures when working on raised platforms

- Select a work environment, task to perform and a raised platform to use while working
- Create a skit to demonstrate the safety practices to observe while using a raised platform to perform a task
- Role play the skits in class
- Observe and note down safety practices demonstrated by each group

What safety practices should be observed when using raised platforms?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 8
- Personal Protective Equipment
- Various types of raised platforms
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 9
- Video clips on safety practices

- Observation - Peer assessment - Role play assessment - Group presentations

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the consequences of failing to observe safety while working on raised platforms
- Analyze the effects of unsafe practices on individuals and the environment
- Appreciate the need for observing safety while working on raised platforms

- Study pictures showing consequences of failure to minimize risk while using raised platforms
- Discuss the consequences of failing to observe safety while working on raised platforms
- Analyze how failing to observe safety affects people directly or indirectly
- Search for information on the importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms

Why is it important to observe safety while working on raised platforms?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 10
- Pictures showing accidents on raised platforms
- Case studies
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 11
- Word search puzzles
- Poster making materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Class discussions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ways of nurturing talents and abilities for business purposes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of nurturing talents and abilities
- Explain how various ways can be used for business purposes
- Appreciate the importance of nurturing talents and abilities

- Read and discuss ways the school and community can employ to nurture talents and abilities of youths
- Explain the ways of nurturing talents and abilities as discussed by learners
- Discuss how the ways mentioned can be used for business purposes
- Share talents and abilities in groups and ways of nurturing them

How are talents and abilities nurtured?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 24
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ways of nurturing talents and abilities for business purposes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate talents and abilities through various activities
- Practice nurturing personal talents and abilities
- Value own talents and abilities for self-development

- Identify personal talents and abilities
- Practice talents and abilities with help of classmates, parents or guardians
- Display talents and abilities through clubs and societies or during planned school events
- Participate in talent shows and competitions

Why is self-exploration necessary for career development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 26
- Talent show materials
- Digital resources

- Observation - Performance assessment - Peer assessment - Self-assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Career pathways in senior school

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various career pathways offered in senior school
- Describe each career pathway in senior school
- Show interest in different career pathways

- Use available print or digital resources to search for information on various career pathways offered in senior school in Kenya
- List the career pathways identified
- Discuss each career pathway
- Study pictures of learners demonstrating talents and abilities
- Identify talents or abilities shown and mention likely career pathway

What career pathways are available in senior school?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 26
- Pictures showing talents and abilities
- Digital resources
- Resource person

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Career pathways in senior school

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate talents and abilities to career pathways in senior school
- Create a list of talents and abilities corresponding to career pathways
- Value the importance of matching talents to career pathways

- Study a list of talents and abilities related to Arts and Sports Science pathway
- Add more talents and abilities to the list
- Make lists of talents and abilities corresponding to Social Sciences and STEM pathways
- Display and compare lists with classmates

How do talents and abilities relate to career pathways?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 27
- Digital resources
- Career pathway charts

- Observation - Written assignments - Peer assessment - Class presentations

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ethical and unethical practices related to the use of talents and abilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ethical practices related to the use of talents and abilities
- Differentiate between ethical and unethical practices
- Appreciate the importance of ethical practices in using talents and abilities

- Read case studies on ethical and unethical practices related to the use of talents and abilities
- Analyze the case studies and identify unethical practices described
- Discuss the ethical practices demonstrated in the case studies
- Discuss other ethical and unethical practices related to the use of talents and abilities

Which ethical issues influence the use of talents and abilities?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 30
- Case studies
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Careers based on talents and abilities for self-development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify careers based on talents and abilities
- Choose a career based on personal talents and abilities
- Value the importance of selecting careers based on talents and abilities

- Read about Grade 9 learners' career choices based on their talents and abilities
- Discuss the career choices made by learners based on their talents and abilities
- Discuss steps to follow when choosing a career
- Choose a career based on personal talent and ability
- Justify career choices

How can you choose a career path that matches your skills and interests?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 32
- Career choice steps chart
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Categories of computer software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of computer software
- Identify different computer software used in the workplace
- Show interest in learning about computer software

- Brainstorm on the meaning of computer software
- Use available resources to search for different computer software
- Present findings to the class
- Discuss categories of computer software (system software, application software)

What is computer software?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices
- Charts showing different software
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Categories of computer software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify categories of computer software
- Classify different software into their appropriate categories
- Appreciate the role of different categories of software

- Discuss the categories of computer software (system software, application software)
- Use digital resources to explore examples of system software and application software
- Create a chart showing the categories of computer software and examples
- Present the chart to the class

How are computer software categorized?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices
- Chart making materials
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Chart assessment - Peer assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Functions of different application software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different application software used in the workplace
- Explain the functions of word processing software
- Show interest in learning about application software

- Brainstorm on the functions of different application software
- Discuss the functions of word processing software
- Demonstrate the use of word processing software
- Explore features of word processing software

What are the functions of word processing software?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices with word processing software
- Charts showing functions of word processing software
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Group discussions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Functions of different application software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of presentation software
- Use presentation software to create slides
- Value the importance of presentation software in the workplace

- Discuss the functions of presentation software
- Demonstrate the use of presentation software
- Create simple presentations using presentation software
- Present the created slides to the class

What are the functions of presentation software?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices with presentation software
- Charts showing functions of presentation software
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Presentation assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Functions of different application software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of spreadsheet software
- Use spreadsheet software to perform calculations
- Appreciate the importance of spreadsheet software in data management

- Discuss the functions of spreadsheet software
- Demonstrate the use of spreadsheet software
- Create simple spreadsheets and perform basic calculations
- Share findings with the class

What are the functions of spreadsheet software?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices with spreadsheet software
- Charts showing functions of spreadsheet software
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Peer assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Functions of different application software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of database software
- Create simple databases using database software
- Show interest in learning about database management

- Discuss the functions of database software
- Demonstrate the use of database software
- Create simple databases
- Perform basic database queries
- Share findings with the class

What are the functions of database software?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices with database software
- Charts showing functions of database software
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Functions of different application software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of desktop publishing software
- Create publications using desktop publishing software
- Value the importance of desktop publishing in the workplace

- Discuss the functions of desktop publishing software
- Demonstrate the use of desktop publishing software
- Create simple publications using desktop publishing software
- Present the created publications to the class

What are the functions of desktop publishing software?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices with desktop publishing software
- Sample publications
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Presentation assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Functions of different application software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of information management systems
- Demonstrate basic operations with information management systems
- Appreciate the role of information management systems in organizations

- Discuss the functions of information management systems
- Explore examples of information management systems
- Discuss how information management systems are used in various workplaces
- Share findings with the class

How are information management systems used in the workplace?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices
- Charts showing information management systems
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Using computer software to perform tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use word processing software to perform tasks
- Apply appropriate features of word processing software
- Value the importance of word processing software in day-to-day life

- Perform tasks using word processing software (creating documents, formatting text, inserting images)
- Practice creating and editing documents
- Save and retrieve documents
- Print documents where possible

How is word processing software used in day-to-day life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Digital devices with word processing software
- Printers (where available)
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project work - Portfolio assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Using computer software to perform tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use presentation software to perform tasks
- Apply appropriate features of presentation software
- Appreciate the importance of presentation software in day-to-day life

- Perform tasks using presentation software (creating slides, adding animations, inserting images)
- Practice creating presentations
- Present the created slides to the class
- Give and receive feedback on presentations

How is presentation software used in day-to-day life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Digital devices with presentation software
- Projector (where available)
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Presentation assessment - Peer assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Using computer software to perform tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use spreadsheet software to perform tasks
- Apply appropriate features of spreadsheet software
- Show interest in using spreadsheet software for data management

- Perform tasks using spreadsheet software (creating worksheets, entering data, performing calculations, creating charts)
- Practice creating spreadsheets
- Analyze data using spreadsheets
- Share findings with the class

How is spreadsheet software used in day-to-day life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Digital devices with spreadsheet software
- Sample data for analysis
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project work - Portfolio assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Using computer software to perform tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use desktop publishing software to perform tasks
- Apply appropriate features of desktop publishing software
- Appreciate the importance of desktop publishing in day-to-day life

- Perform tasks using desktop publishing software (creating newsletters, brochures, posters)
- Practice creating publications
- Display the created publications
- Give and receive feedback on publications

How is desktop publishing software used in day-to-day life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Digital devices with desktop publishing software
- Sample publications
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project work - Peer assessment

Communication

Oblique Projection - Characteristics of oblique drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of oblique projection
- Identify characteristics of oblique drawings
- Show interest in learning about oblique projection

- Use available print or digital media to search for information on the meaning of oblique projection
- Find examples of oblique drawings
- Identify characteristics of oblique drawings
- Share findings with the class

How are oblique drawings used in technical fields?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 35
- Digital resources
- Sample oblique drawings
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 36
- Charts showing characteristics of oblique drawings

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Communication

Oblique Projection - Sketching given drawings in oblique projection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the steps for sketching in oblique projection
- Sketch simple objects in oblique projection
- Show interest in sketching drawings in oblique projection

- Understand the steps for drawing in oblique projection
- Follow the steps to sketch a cube in oblique projection using squared paper
- Compare work with classmates
- Practice sketching without using squared paper

What steps are followed when sketching in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 37
- Squared paper
- Pencils
- Sample oblique drawings
- Drawing instruments
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38

- Observation - Practical assessment - Portfolio assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Oblique Projection - Sketching given drawings in oblique projection
Oblique Projection - Drawing shaped blocks in oblique projection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Maintain proportionality when sketching oblique drawings
- Sketch objects in oblique projection without instruments
- Show commitment to producing neat and accurate sketches

- Sketch given drawings in oblique projection on squared paper
- Demonstrate maintaining proportionality in sketching
- Sketch objects in oblique projection on plain paper without instruments
- Display and compare work with classmates

How can neatness be maintained when sketching in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 39
- Squared paper
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Sample oblique drawings
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 40
- Sample drawings of shaped blocks
- Drawing instruments
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Portfolio assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Oblique Projection - Drawing shaped blocks in oblique projection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw accurate front faces of shaped blocks
- Draw receding lines correctly in oblique projection
- Value precision in technical drawing

- Draw the front face of a shaped block using correct dimensions
- Draw receding lines from points on the front face at specified angles
- Join end points of receding lines to form the required shape
- Include dimensions on the drawing
- Present work to class

What is the importance of accurate dimensions in oblique drawing?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 41
- Drawing paper
- Set squares
- Rulers
- Pencils
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 43
- Compasses

- Observation - Practical assessment - Portfolio assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Oblique Projection - Drawing shaped blocks in oblique projection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw various shaped blocks in oblique projection
- Apply oblique drawing principles to various shapes
- Appreciate the importance of accuracy in oblique drawing

- Draw given shaped blocks in oblique projection using appropriate drawing instruments
- Apply oblique drawing principles to different shapes
- Include accurate dimensions on the drawings
- Present work to class

How are measurement scales applied in oblique drawing?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 45
- Drawing paper
- Set squares
- Rulers
- Compasses
- Pencils

- Observation - Practical assessment - Portfolio assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Oblique Projection - Applications of oblique projection in technical communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of oblique projection in technical fields
- Explain how oblique projection aids in technical communication
- Value the importance of oblique projection in technical fields

- Study pictures of technical drawings made in oblique projection
- Discuss how oblique drawings are used in technical fields such as carpentry
- Explore how oblique drawings can be used for technical communication
- Share findings with the class

How is oblique projection applied in technical communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 47
- Sample oblique drawings used in technical fields
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Communication

Oblique Projection - Applications of oblique projection in technical communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the benefits of using oblique projection in technical communication
- Apply oblique projection to communicate technical ideas
- Appreciate the role of oblique projection in various industries

- Discuss the advantages of using oblique projection for technical communication
- Explore industries that use oblique projection
- Create oblique drawings to communicate technical ideas
- Present work to class

What are the advantages of using oblique projection for technical communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 49
- Sample oblique drawings from industries
- Drawing instruments
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Group presentations

Communication

Oblique Projection - Applications of oblique projection in technical communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create complex technical illustrations using oblique projection
- Apply oblique projection principles in real-world contexts
- Value the role of oblique projection in design and manufacturing

- Sketch or draw various objects in oblique projection
- Create technical illustrations using oblique projection
- Discuss how these illustrations can be used in real-world applications
- Present and discuss work with class

How is oblique projection used in design and manufacturing?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 49
- Drawing instruments
- Sample technical illustrations
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Portfolio assessment - Project assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of visual programming
- Identify various application areas of visual programming
- Show interest in learning about visual programming

- Study pictures of mobile applications and discuss how they are used
- Discuss what visual programming is
- Use digital or print resources to search for information on application areas of visual programming
- Share findings with the class

What is visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 50
- Digital resources
- Pictures of applications
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Communication

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain mobile programming as an application area of visual programming
- Identify different mobile applications and their uses
- Appreciate the role of mobile applications in day-to-day life

- Study digital devices showing different mobile applications
- Identify and name mobile applications shown
- Describe how one can use the applications to perform tasks
- Mention other mobile applications and what they are used for
- Discuss what mobile programming is

How are mobile applications used to perform tasks?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 51
- Digital devices with mobile applications
- Charts showing mobile applications
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain web development as an application area of visual programming
- Identify different websites and their uses
- Show interest in web development

- Study websites displayed in a browser
- Discuss what a website is
- Explain what WWW stands for
- Mention websites they have visited
- Discuss what web development is
- Share discussions with the class

What is web development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 52
- Digital devices with internet access
- Various websites
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain other application areas of visual programming (game development, educational tools, robotics)
- Identify examples of applications in each area
- Appreciate the diverse applications of visual programming

- Discuss game development as an application area of visual programming
- Explore educational tools created using visual programming
- Discuss robotics and animation as application areas of visual programming
- Share findings with the class

What are the various application areas of visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 52
- Digital resources
- Sample applications from different areas
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recall various visual programming software
- Download and install visual programming software
- Show interest in creating applications using visual programming

- Recall various visual programming software learned in previous grades
- Follow steps to download and install Scratch on a computer
- Explore the option of installing Scratch on smartphones and tablets
- Share experiences with the class

How is visual programming software installed?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Digital devices with internet access
- Installation guidelines
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of the Scratch programming interface
- Navigate the Scratch programming environment
- Show commitment to learning visual programming

- Open the Scratch program interface
- Explore the different categories and commands in Scratch
- Test commands to see their effect on the sprite
- Change parameters in commands and observe the results
- Share findings with the class

What are the features of the Scratch programming interface?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Scratch interface guide
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a simple game using visual programming
- Create a clicker game using Scratch
- Value the importance of planning before programming

- Create and play a fun game called "Clicker Game" using balloons in real life
- Follow steps to create a digital version of the clicker game using Scratch
- Choose a backdrop and sprite for the game
- Create a script to keep score and make the balloon move and change color
- Test and play the game
- Share the game with classmates

How are games created using visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 54
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Balloons and strings (for physical game)
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan an interactive story using visual programming
- Create an interactive story using Scratch
- Appreciate the use of visual programming in storytelling

- Watch videos on how to develop a story using Scratch programming
- Follow steps to create an interactive story using Scratch
- Choose backdrop and characters for the story
- Create scripts for dialogue and character movements
- Test and run the story
- Share the story with classmates

How are interactive stories created using visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 58
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Video tutorials
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a music application using visual programming
- Create a music application using Scratch
- Show interest in creating music applications

- Follow steps to create music using Scratch
- Choose appropriate sprites for musical instruments
- Create scripts to play sounds and music
- Combine different sounds to create a song
- Test and play the music
- Share the music with classmates

How is music created using visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 61
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Audio equipment for playback
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan an interactive story with sound using visual programming
- Create an interactive story with sound using Scratch
- Value the integration of sound in storytelling

- Develop a story to tell classmates
- Open Scratch program and choose appropriate backdrop and characters
- Create scripts to tell the story
- Add sound effects and background music to enhance the story
- Test and run the story
- Share the story with classmates

How can sound be integrated into interactive stories?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 63
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Audio equipment for playback
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment