FOUNDATIONS OF PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Safety on Raised Platforms - Types of raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify types of raised platforms used in a workplace
-describe the characteristics of different types of raised platforms
-appreciate the different types of raised platforms used in a workplace

The learner is guided to:
-walk around the school to explore types of raised platforms (ladders, trestles, steps, stands, work benches, ramps)
-brainstorm on the types of raised platforms used in day-to-day life

Why is it important to observe safety when working on raised platforms?

- Photographs
-Realia
-Digital devices
-Practical workplace
-Models
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 2

- Written questions -Oral questions -Observation -Portfolio

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Safety on Raised Platforms - Types of raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - Risks associated with working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify types of raised platforms used in a workplace
-describe the characteristics of different types of raised platforms
-appreciate the different types of raised platforms used in a workplace

The learner is guided to:
-brainstorm on the types of raised platforms used in day-to-day life
-use print or digital media to search for information on types of raised platforms

Why is it important to observe safety when working on raised platforms?

- Photographs
-Realia
-Digital devices
-Practical workplace
-Models
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 3
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 4

- Written questions -Oral questions -Observation -Portfolio

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Safety on Raised Platforms - Risks associated with working on raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - Safety measures when working on raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - Safety measures when working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain common risks when working on raised platforms
-describe factors that increase risks on raised platforms
-value the importance of risk awareness in workplace safety

The learner is guided to:
-use digital devices to search for information on the risks associated with working on raised platforms
-compile a list of risks associated with raised platforms
-discuss causes of accidents on raised platforms

Why is it important to observe safety when working on raised platforms?

- Photographs
-Realia
-Digital devices
-Practical workplace
-Models
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 5
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 6
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 7

- Written questions -Oral questions -Observation -Portfolio

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Safety on Raised Platforms - Importance of observing safety on raised platforms
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ways of nurturing talents and abilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the importance of observing safety on raised platforms
-identify the consequences of neglecting safety measures
-acknowledge the need for safety consciousness

The learner is guided to:
-tour workplaces around the school to note safety precautions taken when working on raised platforms
-discuss with workers why observing safety measures is important
-share observations with classmates

Why is it important to observe safety when working on raised platforms?

- Photographs
-Realia
-Digital devices
-Practical workplace
-Models
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 8
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 9
- Digital devices
-Reference materials
-Productivity tools
-Manila papers
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 20

- Written questions -Oral questions -Observation -Portfolio

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Displaying talents and abilities
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Talents and career pathways

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-demonstrate personal talents and abilities
-practice skills for improving talents
-appreciate feedback for personal growth

The learner is guided to:
-display talents and abilities through clubs and societies and other planned school fora
-provide constructive feedback to peers on their talents
-discuss ways to improve personal talents

How are talents and abilities nurtured?

- Digital devices
-Reference materials
-Productivity tools
-Manila papers
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 21
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 22

- Rating scales -Rubrics -Questionnaires -Projects -Journals -Portfolios -Oral questions -Aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Career opportunities in Pre-Technical Studies
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ethics related to talents and abilities
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Unethical practices related to talents and abilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify career opportunities related to Pre-Technical Studies
-match personal abilities to specific careers
-value the importance of career exploration

The learner is guided to:
-engage with a resource person on career opportunities related to talents and abilities in Pre-Technical Studies
-ask questions about various career paths
-identify careers of personal interest

Why is self-exploration necessary for career development?

- Digital devices
-Reference materials
-Productivity tools
-Manila papers
-Resource person
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 23
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 24
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 25

- Rating scales -Rubrics -Questionnaires -Projects -Journals -Portfolios -Oral questions -Aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Computer Software - Meaning of computer software
Computer Software - Categories of computer software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the meaning of computer software
-identify types of computer software
-appreciate the role of software in computer operations

The learner is guided to:
-brainstorm on the meaning of the term 'computer software' and present to peers
-use available resources to search for different computer software
-discuss the function of software in computer systems

How are computer software used in day-to-day life?

- Reference materials
-Digital devices
-Manila papers
-Internet
-Video/audio clips
-Computer software
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today (Computer Software section - refer to Table of Contents)

- Rating scales -Rubrics -Questionnaires -Projects -Portfolios -Oral questions -Aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Computer Software - System software
Computer Software - Application software
Computer Software - Word processing software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the functions of system software
-identify different types of system software
-appreciate the importance of system software

The learner is guided to:
-discuss the functions of system software
-explore examples of system software (operating systems, device drivers, utilities)
-demonstrate how system software interacts with hardware

How are computer software used in day-to-day life?

- Reference materials
-Digital devices
-Manila papers
-Internet
-Video/audio clips
-Computer software
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today (Computer Software section - refer to Table of Contents)

- Rating scales -Rubrics -Questionnaires -Projects -Portfolios -Oral questions -Aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Computer Software - Presentation software
Computer Software - Spreadsheet software
Computer Software - Database software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the functions of presentation software
-use presentation software to create basic slideshows
-value the importance of presentation software in communication

The learner is guided to:
-discuss the functions and features of presentation software
-demonstrate how to create, edit and format slideshows
-perform tasks using presentation software

How are computer software used in day-to-day life?

- Reference materials
-Digital devices
-Manila papers
-Internet
-Video/audio clips
-Computer software
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today (Computer Software section - refer to Table of Contents)

- Rating scales -Rubrics -Questionnaires -Projects -Portfolios -Oral questions -Aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Computer Software - Desktop publishing software
Computer Software - Information management systems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the functions of desktop publishing software
-identify basic desktop publishing concepts
-appreciate the importance of desktop publishing in content creation

The learner is guided to:
-discuss the functions and features of desktop publishing software
-explore examples of desktop publishing products
-understand the difference between word processing and desktop publishing

How are computer software used in day-to-day life?

- Reference materials
-Digital devices
-Manila papers
-Internet
-Video/audio clips
-Computer software
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today (Computer Software section - refer to Table of Contents)

- Rating scales -Rubrics -Questionnaires -Projects -Portfolios -Oral questions -Aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES

Computer Software - Customized software
Computer Software - Software integration
Computer Software - Importance of computer software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the purpose of customized software
-identify situations requiring customized software solutions
-appreciate the value of specialized software for specific needs

The learner is guided to:
-discuss what customized software means
-explore examples of customized software in different industries
-compare customized software with off-the-shelf solutions

How are computer software used in day-to-day life?

- Reference materials
-Digital devices
-Manila papers
-Internet
-Video/audio clips
-Computer software
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today (Computer Software section - refer to Table of Contents)

- Rating scales -Rubrics -Questionnaires -Projects -Portfolios -Oral questions -Aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION

Computer Software - Future trends in software
Oblique Projection - Characteristics of oblique drawings
Oblique Projection - Characteristics of oblique drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify emerging trends in computer software
-understand the potential impact of new software technologies
-value continuous learning in the field of technology

The learner is guided to:
-research current and emerging trends in software development
-discuss the potential impact of artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and mobile applications
-explore career opportunities related to software development

How are computer software used in day-to-day life?

- Reference materials
-Digital devices
-Manila papers
-Internet
-Video/audio clips
-Computer software
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today (Computer Software section - refer to Table of Contents)
- Drawing papers
-Pencils
-Samples of free hand sketches
-Three-dimensional realia
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 30
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 31

- Rating scales -Rubrics -Questionnaires -Projects -Portfolios -Oral questions -Aural questions

COMMUNICATION

Oblique Projection - Characteristics of oblique drawings
Oblique Projection - Sketching oblique drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the unique features of oblique drawing compared to other drawing methods
-identify the mathematical principles in oblique projection
-appreciate the precision required in technical drawing

The learner is guided to:
-study the proportions and angles used in oblique projection
-discuss the relationship between the three spatial dimensions
-examine real-world examples of oblique drawings

How are oblique drawings used in technical fields?

- Drawing papers
-Pencils
-Digital devices
-Samples of free hand sketches
-Three-dimensional realia
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 32
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 33

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work -Portfolio

COMMUNICATION

Oblique Projection - Sketching oblique drawings
Oblique Projection - Drawing shaped blocks
Oblique Projection - Drawing a square brick

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-sketch more complex objects in oblique projection
-apply step-by-step techniques for creating oblique drawings
-appreciate the problem-solving aspects of technical drawing

The learner is guided to:
-follow a step-by-step process to create oblique drawings
-sketch a square box in oblique projection
-sketch a rectangular brick in oblique projection

How are oblique drawings used in technical fields?

- Drawing papers
-Pencils
-Digital devices
-Samples of free hand sketches
-Three-dimensional realia
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 34
-Geometrical set
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 35
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 36

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work -Portfolio

COMMUNICATION

Oblique Projection - Drawing a horizontal cylinder
Oblique Projection - Drawing a triangular prism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-draw a horizontal cylinder in oblique projection
-apply principles of drawing curved surfaces in oblique projection
-appreciate the technical skill required for drawing curved objects

The learner is guided to:
-use a ruler, pencil, and compass to draw a horizontal cylinder
-follow a step-by-step process for creating the cylinder
-ensure accuracy and proper dimensions in the drawing

How are oblique drawings used in technical fields?

- Drawing papers
-Pencils
-Digital devices
-Geometrical set
-Three-dimensional realia
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 38
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 40

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work -Portfolio

COMMUNICATION

Oblique Projection - Using drawing instruments
Oblique Projection - Applications of oblique projection
Oblique Projection - Applications in technical communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the purpose of different drawing instruments
-select appropriate tools for specific drawing tasks
-appreciate the role of proper tools in creating accurate drawings

The learner is guided to:
-examine the various instruments in a geometrical set
-discuss the specific function of each tool in creating oblique drawings
-practice proper handling and use of drawing instruments

How are oblique drawings used in technical fields?

- Drawing papers
-Pencils
-Digital devices
-Geometrical set
-Three-dimensional realia
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 42
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 43
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 44

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work -Portfolio

COMMUNICATION

Visual Programming - Application areas
Visual Programming - Applications in problem-solving
Visual Programming - Creating a story application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the application areas of visual programming software
-identify how visual programming solves problems
-appreciate the value of visual programming in modern computing

The learner is guided to:
-use digital devices to search for information on applications of visual programming
-discuss uses of mobile phone applications in daily life
-explore the use of visual programming in website development

How are applications developed using visual programming software?

- Reference materials
-Digital devices
-Manila papers
-Internet
-Video clips
-Audio clips
-Models
-Visual programming software
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 48
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 49
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 50

- Rating scales -Rubrics -Questionnaires -Projects -Portfolios -Oral questions -Aural questions -Interview schedules -Written tests -Anecdotal records -Observation schedules -Checklists

COMMUNICATION

Visual Programming - Creating a story application
Visual Programming - Creating a game application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-program interactions between characters in a story
-implement logical sequences in visual programming
-value the importance of systematic thinking in programming

The learner is guided to:
-add blocks for the sprites to create character actions and dialogue
-test and debug the story application
-add interactive elements to enhance user engagement

How are applications developed using visual programming software?

- Reference materials
-Digital devices
-Manila papers
-Internet
-Video clips
-Audio clips
-Models
-Visual programming software
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 52
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 54

- Rating scales -Rubrics -Questionnaires -Projects -Portfolios -Oral questions -Aural questions -Interview schedules -Written tests -Anecdotal records -Observation schedules -Checklists

COMMUNICATION

Visual Programming - Creating a game application
Visual Programming - Creating an animation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-implement game mechanics using visual programming
-create interactive elements in a game
-appreciate the logical structure required in game programming

The learner is guided to:
-add programming blocks to control game character movement
-implement collision detection and game rules
-test and refine the game mechanics

How are applications developed using visual programming software?

- Reference materials
-Digital devices
-Manila papers
-Internet
-Video clips
-Audio clips
-Models
-Visual programming software
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 56
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 58
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 60

- Rating scales -Rubrics -Questionnaires -Projects -Portfolios -Oral questions -Aural questions -Interview schedules -Written tests -Anecdotal records -Observation schedules -Checklists

COMMUNICATION

Visual Programming - Creating an animation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-implement animation techniques using visual programming
-create motion and interaction in an animation
-value the artistic and technical aspects of animation

The learner is guided to:
-add sprites and backgrounds for the animation
-program movement and interactions between elements
-implement visual effects and transitions

How are applications developed using visual programming software?

- Reference materials
-Digital devices
-Manila papers
-Internet
-Video clips
-Audio clips
-Models
-Visual programming software
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 62
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 64

- Rating scales -Rubrics -Questionnaires -Projects -Portfolios -Oral questions -Aural questions -Interview schedules -Written tests -Anecdotal records -Observation schedules -Checklists

COMMUNICATION
MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Visual Programming - Uses in day-to-day life
Visual Programming - Future prospects
Wood - Classification of wood

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-analyze the impact of visual programming on everyday technology
-identify applications of visual programming in various sectors
-value the role of visual programming in solving real-world problems

The learner is guided to:
-discuss the applications of visual programming in finance, education, and entertainment
-explore how virtual learning platforms utilize visual programming
-analyze the role of visual programming in mobile applications

How are applications developed using visual programming software?

- Reference materials
-Digital devices
-Manila papers
-Internet
-Video clips
-Audio clips
-Models
-Visual programming software
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 66
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 68
- Assorted pieces of wood (hard and soft)
-Career brochures
-Career magazines
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 72

- Rating scales -Rubrics -Questionnaires -Projects -Portfolios -Oral questions -Aural questions -Interview schedules -Written tests -Anecdotal records -Observation schedules -Checklists

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Classification of wood
Wood - Preparation of wood
Wood - Preparation of wood

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-differentiate between hardwood and softwood based on physical characteristics
-identify the properties of different types of wood
-value the importance of proper wood selection for specific uses

The learner is guided to:
-use a checklist to sort wood as either softwood or hardwood
-compare characteristics such as density, grain pattern, texture, and resistance to decay
-explore examples of different wood types

Why is wood an important material in day-to-day life?

- Assorted pieces of wood (hard and soft)
-Career brochures
-Career magazines
-Digital devices
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 73
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 75
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 76

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Uses of wood
Wood - Uses of hardwood

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-relate types of wood to their uses in a workplace
-identify appropriate wood types for specific applications
-appreciate the versatility of wood as a material

The learner is guided to:
-visit a workplace to explore the uses of wood
-observe various wooden items and identify the type of wood used
-discuss why certain wood types are preferred for specific uses

Why is wood an important material in day-to-day life?

- Assorted pieces of wood (hard and soft)
-Career brochures
-Career magazines
-Digital devices
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 77
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 78

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Wood - Uses of softwood
Wood - Importance of wood
Waste Materials - Types of waste materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify specific uses of softwood in different contexts
-explain why softwood is preferred for certain applications
-appreciate the qualities of softwood that make it suitable for specific uses

The learner is guided to:
-develop charts to match softwood types to their uses
-explore the use of softwood in construction, paper production, and packaging
-discuss the relationship between softwood properties and its applications

Why is wood an important material in day-to-day life?

- Assorted pieces of wood (hard and soft)
-Career brochures
-Career magazines
-Digital devices
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 79
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 80
- Digital devices
-Charts showing waste materials
-Realia
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 82

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Waste Materials - Safe handling of waste
Waste Materials - Recycling waste materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe safe ways of handling waste materials
-identify appropriate methods for different waste types
-value the importance of proper waste handling

The learner is guided to:
-search for information on safe ways of handling waste materials
-discuss methods such as composting, landfill, incineration, and recycling
-create tables matching waste types to handling methods

How should we handle waste materials?

- Digital devices
-Charts showing waste materials
-Realia
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 83
-Personal Protective Equipment
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 84
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 85

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION

Waste Materials - Making items from waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-design items that can be made from recycled materials
-select appropriate tools and materials for recycling projects
-appreciate the creative potential of recycled materials

The learner is guided to:
-examine recyclable waste materials collected previously
-brainstorm on items that can be made from these materials
-sketch designs for recycled material projects

How should we handle waste materials?

- Digital devices
-Charts showing waste materials
-Realia
-Tools and materials
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 86
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 87

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION
TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Waste Materials - Making items from waste
Waste Materials - Importance of waste management
Holding Tools - Types of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-refine and complete items made from recycled materials
-evaluate the quality and functionality of created items
-appreciate the satisfaction of creating useful items from waste

The learner is guided to:
-complete the items being made from recycled materials
-test the functionality of the created items
-make improvements based on testing results

How should we handle waste materials?

- Digital devices
-Charts showing waste materials
-Realia
-Tools and materials
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 88
-Personal Protective Equipment
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 89
- A variety of holding tools
-Charts showing holding tools
-Digital devices
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 92

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Holding Tools - Uses of holding tools
Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the uses of different holding tools
-match holding tools to their specific functions
-value the importance of selecting appropriate holding tools

The learner is guided to:
-observe demonstrations of holding tools being used
-discuss the uses of various holding tools
-match specific holding tools to their appropriate uses
-identify situations where specific holding tools are required

How are holding tools used in a workplace?

- A variety of holding tools
-Charts showing the uses of holding tools
-Digital devices
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 94
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 96

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Holding Tools - Safety when using holding tools
Holding Tools - Using holding tools
Holding Tools - Using holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain safety measures when using holding tools
-demonstrate safe practices when handling holding tools
-value the importance of safety in a workplace

The learner is guided to:
-use digital devices or print media to search for information on safe use of holding tools
-discuss safety precautions when using holding tools
-demonstrate safe handling of holding tools
-role-play safe practices when using holding tools

How are holding tools used in a workplace?

- A variety of holding tools
-Digital devices
-Safety gear
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 97
-Pieces of wood
-Workbench
-Tools for performing tasks
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 98
-Materials for practice (wood, wire, paper)
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 100

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Holding Tools - Care for holding tools
Holding Tools - Importance of holding tools
Driving Tools - Types of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-demonstrate care for holding tools
-explain maintenance procedures for holding tools
-value the importance of proper tool maintenance

The learner is guided to:
-demonstrate cleaning of different holding tools
-discuss proper storage of holding tools
-practice cleaning, oiling, and storing holding tools
-identify signs of wear and tear in holding tools

How are holding tools used in a workplace?

- A variety of holding tools
-Cleaning materials
-Oil and grease
-Storage facilities
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 102
-Digital devices
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 104
- A variety of driving tools
-Charts showing driving tools
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 106

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Driving Tools - Uses of driving tools
Driving Tools - Selecting driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the uses of different driving tools
-match driving tools to their specific functions
-value the importance of selecting appropriate driving tools

The learner is guided to:
-observe demonstrations of driving tools being used
-discuss the uses of various driving tools
-match specific driving tools to their appropriate uses
-identify situations where specific driving tools are required

How are driving tools used in a workplace?

- A variety of driving tools
-Charts showing the uses of driving tools
-Digital devices
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 108
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 110

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Driving Tools - Safety when using driving tools
Driving Tools - Using driving tools
Driving Tools - Using driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain safety measures when using driving tools
-demonstrate safe practices when handling driving tools
-value the importance of safety in a workplace

The learner is guided to:
-use digital devices to search for information on safe use of driving tools
-discuss safety precautions when using driving tools
-demonstrate safe handling of driving tools
-role-play safe practices when using driving tools

How are driving tools used in a workplace?

- A variety of driving tools
-Digital devices
-Safety gear
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 112
-Materials for practice (wood, nails)
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 113
-Materials for practice
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 114

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Driving Tools - Care for driving tools
Driving Tools - Importance of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-demonstrate care for driving tools
-explain maintenance procedures for driving tools
-value the importance of proper tool maintenance

The learner is guided to:
-demonstrate cleaning of different driving tools
-discuss proper storage of driving tools
-practice cleaning, oiling, and storing driving tools
-identify signs of wear and tear in driving tools

How are driving tools used in a workplace?

- A variety of driving tools
-Cleaning materials
-Oil and grease
-Storage facilities
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 116
-Digital devices
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 118

- Oral tests -Observation -Checklist -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Identifying problems in the locality
Project - Brainstorming on problems
Project - Selecting an item to solve the problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify problems in the locality that can be solved using skills acquired in Pre-Technical Studies
-analyze the identified problems
-appreciate the role of problem identification in project development

The learner is guided to:
-explore the locality to establish problems faced by the community
-use observation and interviews to identify problems
-document the identified problems
-analyze the problems to determine their suitability for a project

How are competencies acquired in Pre-Technical Studies used to solve day-to-day problems?

- Notebook
-Pen
-Digital devices
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 121
- List of identified problems
-Notebook
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 122
- Digital devices
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 123

- Observation -Interview -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Sketching the item to be made
Project - Estimating project costs
Project - Obtaining materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-sketch the item to be made
-identify materials needed for the project
-value the importance of planning before implementation

The learner is guided to:
-sketch the item they want to make
-discuss and refine the sketch
-identify materials required to make the item
-keep records in a project portfolio

How are competencies acquired in Pre-Technical Studies used to solve day-to-day problems?

- Drawing materials
-Notebook
-Pen
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 123
- Notebook
-Calculator
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 124
- Project materials
-Tools
-Camera (optional)

- Observation -Interview -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Making the item

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-prepare a project implementation plan
-share project roles among group members
-appreciate the importance of collaboration in project implementation

The learner is guided to:
-develop a project implementation plan
-discuss safety precautions for the project
-share roles among group members
-document the planning process

How are competencies acquired in Pre-Technical Studies used to solve day-to-day problems?

- Project materials
-Tools
-Safety gear
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 125

- Observation -Interview -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Finishing and evaluating the item
Project - Pricing the item
Project - Problem-solving application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-complete the making of the item
-evaluate the quality and functionality of the item
-appreciate the importance of quality control in production

The learner is guided to:
-finalize the making of the item
-assess the quality of the finished item
-test the functionality of the item
-make improvements based on evaluation

How are competencies acquired in Pre-Technical Studies used to solve day-to-day problems?

- Project materials
-Tools
-Evaluation checklist
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 126
- Calculator
-Record of expenses
-Notebook
-Pen
- Completed project item

- Observation -Interview -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Project - Skills utilization in daily life
Financial Services - Financial institutions in Kenya
Financial Services - Classification of financial institutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify other problems that can be solved using Pre-Technical Studies skills
-plan for future problem-solving activities
-value the importance of applying academic skills in real-life situations

The learner is guided to:
-review the list of problems affecting the community
-identify how each problem can be solved using Pre-Technical Studies skills
-plan for applying these skills in day-to-day life
-document problem-solving experiences

How are competencies acquired in Pre-Technical Studies used to solve day-to-day problems?

- Notebook
-Pen
-Digital devices
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 126
- Digital devices with internet connection
-Business Studies textbooks
-Newspapers
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 128
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 129

- Observation -Interview -Written test -Rubrics -Project -Practical work

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Services offered by financial institutions
Financial Services - Utilization of financial services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-analyze services offered by financial institutions in Kenya
-compare services offered by different financial institutions
-value the importance of financial services

The learner is guided to:
-search for information on services offered by banks, insurance companies, SACCOs, and microfinance institutions
-discuss the various services provided by different financial institutions
-compare services across different types of financial institutions

What are the services offered by different financial institutions in Kenya?

- Digital devices with internet connection
-Business Studies textbooks
-Newspapers
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 130
-Case study materials
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 133

- Assignments -Self and peer assessment -Oral questions -Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Reasons for government involvement
Government and Business - Ways of government involvement
Government and Business - Taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the reasons for government involvement in business in Kenya
-identify key sectors where government is involved
-value the role of government in business development

The learner is guided to:
-brainstorm and present on the reasons for government involvement in business in Kenya
-discuss why government involvement is important in certain sectors
-analyze the impact of government involvement in various business sectors

Why is it important for the Government to get involved in business?

- Digital devices with internet connection
-Business Studies textbooks
-Newspapers
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 136
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 138
- English dictionary
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 140

- Assignments -Self and peer assessment -Oral questions -Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - e-Government services
Government and Business - Compliance with regulations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-analyze e-Government services in business
-identify specific e-Government platforms and their uses
-appreciate the convenience of digital government services

The learner is guided to:
-read a case study on e-Government services
-discuss how e-Government services support businesses
-explore various e-Government services available to businesses
-navigate the e-Citizen platform with teacher guidance

Why is it important for the Government to get involved in business?

- Digital devices with internet connection
-Business Studies textbooks
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 143
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 145

- Assignments -Self and peer assessment -Oral questions -Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Meaning and importance
Business Plan - Importance of a business plan
Business Plan - Components of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the meaning of a business plan
-describe the importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship
-appreciate the value of planning in business

The learner is guided to:
-discuss the meaning of 'plan' using a dictionary
-derive the meaning of 'business plan' from the discussion
-brainstorm on the importance of a business plan to business owners and employees
-explore how a business plan helps avoid mistakes and allocate resources

Why is a business plan important to an entrepreneur?

- English dictionary
-Business Studies textbooks
-Digital devices
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 148
- Digital devices with internet connection
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 149
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 150

- Assignments -Self and peer assessment -Oral questions -Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Business description and product
Business Plan - Market analysis and marketing plan
Business Plan - Management and financial components

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the business description component
-describe the product and service component
-appreciate the foundational elements of a business plan

The learner is guided to:
-study a sample business plan
-analyze the business description component
-explore the product and service component
-discuss how these components establish the business concept

How is a business plan prepared?

- Sample business plans
-Business Studies textbooks
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 151
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 152

- Assignments -Self and peer assessment -Oral questions -Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Executive summary and completing a plan
Business Plan - Creating a business plan
Business Plan - Embracing business planning
Business Plan - Embracing business planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the executive summary component
-fill in a business plan template for a given business project
-value the process of business planning

The learner is guided to:
-study a sample business plan
-analyze the executive summary component
-practice completing a business plan template
-discuss the overall process of business plan development

How is a business plan prepared?

- Sample business plans
-Business plan templates
-Business Studies textbooks
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 153
- Business plan templates
-Oxford Pre-Technical Studies Today pg. 154

- Assignments -Self and peer assessment -Oral questions -Observation