Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Types of raised platforms used in performing tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of raised platforms used in the workplace
- Explain how raised platforms help in performing tasks
- Appreciate the importance of raised platforms in performing tasks

- Walk around the school to explore types of raised platforms (ladders, trestles, steps, stands, workbenches, ramps)
- Brainstorm on the types of raised platforms used in day-to-day life
- Discuss how different types of raised platforms are used in different environments

What can you use to reach for items located at a height such as the top shelf or the roof?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Different raised platforms
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Types of raised platforms used in performing tasks
Safety on Raised Platforms - Risks associated with working on raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain different ways in which raised platforms are used in performing tasks
- Match different types of raised platforms to specific tasks
- Value the use of appropriate raised platforms for specific tasks

- Study pictures of people using different types of raised platforms
- Describe how different types of raised platforms are being used in each picture
- Mention how people in the locality use different types of raised platforms in day-to-day life
- Complete a table by stating the appropriate raised platform(s) for performing various tasks

How are raised platforms used in day-to-day life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 3
- Pictures of people using raised platforms
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 5
- Pictures showing accidents on raised platforms
- Internet access
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Posters showing safety measures
- Safety equipment
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 8
- Personal Protective Equipment
- Various types of raised platforms

- Observation - Oral questions - Worksheets - Peer assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - Importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - Importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ways of nurturing talents and abilities for business purposes
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ways of nurturing talents and abilities for business purposes
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Career pathways in senior school

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain various safety practices when working on raised platforms
- Implement safety procedures for handling raised platforms
- Show commitment to observing safety when working on raised platforms

- Demonstrate talents and abilities through various activities
- Practice nurturing personal talents and abilities
- Value own talents and abilities for self-development

- Discuss various safety practices when working on raised platforms (guardrails, safety nets, personal protection equipment)
- Visit areas around the school where raised platforms are used
- Observe the safety practices people in these areas observe while performing tasks on raised platforms
- Share observations with classmates
- Watch videos on safety practices when working on raised platforms
- Identify personal talents and abilities
- Practice talents and abilities with help of classmates, parents or guardians
- Display talents and abilities through clubs and societies or during planned school events
- Participate in talent shows and competitions

Why is it important to observe safety when working on raised platforms?
Why is self-exploration necessary for career development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 9
- Personal Protective Equipment
- Video clips on safety practices
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 10
- Pictures showing accidents on raised platforms
- Case studies
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 11
- Word search puzzles
- Poster making materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 24
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 26
- Talent show materials
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing talents and abilities
- Resource person

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Project work
- Observation - Performance assessment - Peer assessment - Self-assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Career pathways in senior school
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ethical and unethical practices related to the use of talents and abilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate talents and abilities to career pathways in senior school
- Create a list of talents and abilities corresponding to career pathways
- Value the importance of matching talents to career pathways

- Study a list of talents and abilities related to Arts and Sports Science pathway
- Add more talents and abilities to the list
- Make lists of talents and abilities corresponding to Social Sciences and STEM pathways
- Display and compare lists with classmates

How do talents and abilities relate to career pathways?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 27
- Digital resources
- Career pathway charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 30
- Case studies

- Observation - Written assignments - Peer assessment - Class presentations

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Careers based on talents and abilities for self-development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify careers based on talents and abilities
- Choose a career based on personal talents and abilities
- Value the importance of selecting careers based on talents and abilities

- Read about Grade 9 learners' career choices based on their talents and abilities
- Discuss the career choices made by learners based on their talents and abilities
- Discuss steps to follow when choosing a career
- Choose a career based on personal talent and ability
- Justify career choices

How can you choose a career path that matches your skills and interests?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 32
- Career choice steps chart
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Categories of computer software
Computer Software - Functions of different application software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of computer software
- Identify different computer software used in the workplace
- Show interest in learning about computer software

- Identify different application software used in the workplace
- Explain the functions of word processing software
- Show interest in learning about application software

- Brainstorm on the meaning of computer software
- Use available resources to search for different computer software
- Present findings to the class
- Discuss categories of computer software (system software, application software)
- Brainstorm on the functions of different application software
- Discuss the functions of word processing software
- Demonstrate the use of word processing software
- Explore features of word processing software

What is computer software?
What are the functions of word processing software?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices
- Charts showing different software
- Digital resources
- Chart making materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices with word processing software
- Charts showing functions of word processing software
- Digital resources
- Digital devices with presentation software
- Charts showing functions of presentation software

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations
- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Group discussions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Functions of different application software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of spreadsheet software
- Use spreadsheet software to perform calculations
- Appreciate the importance of spreadsheet software in data management

- Discuss the functions of spreadsheet software
- Demonstrate the use of spreadsheet software
- Create simple spreadsheets and perform basic calculations
- Share findings with the class

What are the functions of spreadsheet software?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices with spreadsheet software
- Charts showing functions of spreadsheet software
- Digital resources
- Digital devices with database software
- Charts showing functions of database software

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Peer assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Functions of different application software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the functions of desktop publishing software
- Create publications using desktop publishing software
- Value the importance of desktop publishing in the workplace

- Discuss the functions of desktop publishing software
- Demonstrate the use of desktop publishing software
- Create simple publications using desktop publishing software
- Present the created publications to the class

What are the functions of desktop publishing software?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 6
- Digital devices with desktop publishing software
- Sample publications
- Digital resources
- Digital devices
- Charts showing information management systems

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Presentation assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Software - Using computer software to perform tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use word processing software to perform tasks
- Apply appropriate features of word processing software
- Value the importance of word processing software in day-to-day life

- Use spreadsheet software to perform tasks
- Apply appropriate features of spreadsheet software
- Show interest in using spreadsheet software for data management

- Perform tasks using word processing software (creating documents, formatting text, inserting images)
- Practice creating and editing documents
- Save and retrieve documents
- Print documents where possible
- Perform tasks using spreadsheet software (creating worksheets, entering data, performing calculations, creating charts)
- Practice creating spreadsheets
- Analyze data using spreadsheets
- Share findings with the class

How is word processing software used in day-to-day life?
How is spreadsheet software used in day-to-day life?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Digital devices with word processing software
- Printers (where available)
- Digital resources
- Digital devices with presentation software
- Projector (where available)
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Digital devices with spreadsheet software
- Sample data for analysis
- Digital resources
- Digital devices with desktop publishing software
- Sample publications

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project work - Portfolio assessment

Communication

Oblique Projection - Characteristics of oblique drawing
Oblique Projection - Sketching given drawings in oblique projection
Oblique Projection - Sketching given drawings in oblique projection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of oblique projection
- Identify characteristics of oblique drawings
- Show interest in learning about oblique projection

- Use available print or digital media to search for information on the meaning of oblique projection
- Find examples of oblique drawings
- Identify characteristics of oblique drawings
- Share findings with the class

How are oblique drawings used in technical fields?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 35
- Digital resources
- Sample oblique drawings
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 36
- Charts showing characteristics of oblique drawings
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 37
- Squared paper
- Pencils
- Drawing instruments
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Communication

Oblique Projection - Sketching given drawings in oblique projection
Oblique Projection - Drawing shaped blocks in oblique projection
Oblique Projection - Drawing shaped blocks in oblique projection
Oblique Projection - Drawing shaped blocks in oblique projection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Maintain proportionality when sketching oblique drawings
- Sketch objects in oblique projection without instruments
- Show commitment to producing neat and accurate sketches

- Sketch given drawings in oblique projection on squared paper
- Demonstrate maintaining proportionality in sketching
- Sketch objects in oblique projection on plain paper without instruments
- Display and compare work with classmates

How can neatness be maintained when sketching in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 39
- Squared paper
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Sample oblique drawings
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 40
- Sample drawings of shaped blocks
- Drawing instruments
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 41
- Drawing paper
- Set squares
- Rulers
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 43
- Compasses

- Observation - Practical assessment - Portfolio assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Oblique Projection - Drawing shaped blocks in oblique projection
Oblique Projection - Applications of oblique projection in technical communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw various shaped blocks in oblique projection
- Apply oblique drawing principles to various shapes
- Appreciate the importance of accuracy in oblique drawing

- Explain the benefits of using oblique projection in technical communication
- Apply oblique projection to communicate technical ideas
- Appreciate the role of oblique projection in various industries

- Draw given shaped blocks in oblique projection using appropriate drawing instruments
- Apply oblique drawing principles to different shapes
- Include accurate dimensions on the drawings
- Present work to class
- Discuss the advantages of using oblique projection for technical communication
- Explore industries that use oblique projection
- Create oblique drawings to communicate technical ideas
- Present work to class

How are measurement scales applied in oblique drawing?
What are the advantages of using oblique projection for technical communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 45
- Drawing paper
- Set squares
- Rulers
- Compasses
- Pencils
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 47
- Sample oblique drawings used in technical fields
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 49
- Sample oblique drawings from industries
- Drawing instruments
- Digital resources
- Sample technical illustrations

- Observation - Practical assessment - Portfolio assessment - Peer assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment - Group presentations

Materials for Production

Wood - Classification of wood according to physical characteristics
Wood - Preparation of wood for use in the production of items
Wood - Preparation of wood for use in the production of items

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of wood available in the environment
- Classify wood according to physical characteristics
- Appreciate the variety of wood types in the local environment

- Use print or digital resources to search for information on types of wood available
- Observe and identify trees in the environment
- Sort wood as either softwood or hardwood using a checklist

Which kind of trees do you have in your community?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 69
- Assorted pieces of wood
- Digital devices
- Charts showing wood types
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 70
- Sample trees in the environment
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 72
- Reference materials
- Charts showing conversion methods
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 74
- Pictures showing wood seasoning methods
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Wood - Types of wood and their uses in the community
Wood - Importance of wood in day-to-day life
Wood - Importance of wood in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different uses of wood in the community
- Match types of wood to their specific uses
- Show interest in wood applications

- Study pictures of items made of wood
- Suggest the best type of wood for making various items
- Brainstorm on other uses of wood in the community
- Create a chart matching types of wood to their uses

What factors determine the choice of wood for specific items?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 75
- Pictures of wooden items
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 77
- Reference materials
- Digital resources
- Community resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 79
- Local wood products
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 81
- Crossword puzzles
- Self-reflection forms

- Observation - Oral questions - Charts assessment

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Waste materials found in the environment
Waste Materials - Ways of handling waste materials safely in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify waste materials in the environment
- Explain the sources of waste materials
- Show concern for waste management

- Explain safe ways of handling waste materials
- Describe different approaches to waste management
- Value safe waste handling practices

- Discuss what waste materials are
- Walk around the school compound to identify waste materials
- Write a list of waste materials seen in the environment
- Share findings in class
- Use print reference materials or digital devices to search for information on safe ways of handling and disposing waste materials
- Write short notes on findings
- Present findings in class

What types of waste materials are found in our environment?
What are the safe ways of handling different types of waste materials?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 93
- School environment
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 94
- Pictures of waste materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 95
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 96
- Pictures of waste handling methods
- Digital resources

- Observation - Field notes - Oral presentation
- Note-taking - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Disposing waste materials using appropriate methods
Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify appropriate waste disposal methods
- Demonstrate proper waste disposal techniques
- Show responsibility in waste disposal

- Collect waste materials around the school compound
- Sort waste materials by type
- Place waste in appropriate garbage containers
- Practice proper waste disposal as guided by the teacher

How should different types of waste be disposed of?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 97
- Personal protective equipment
- Garbage bags or containers
- Dustbins
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
- Local community resources
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Observation - Practical assessment - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- List types of waste materials in the environment
- Suggest ways of handling different waste types
- Show responsibility towards waste management

- Discuss the importance of proper waste handling and disposal
- List types of waste materials found in the environment
- Suggest ways of safely handling each waste type
- Role play scenarios of waste management

How does proper waste management benefit the community?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing proper waste handling
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 100
- Self-reflection forms
- Problem-solving exercises
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Role play assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Holding tools used in day-to-day life
Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for performing given tasks
Holding Tools - Uses of holding tools
Holding Tools - Uses of holding tools
Holding Tools - Caring for holding tools used in day-to-day life
Holding Tools - Importance of holding tools in day-to-day life
Holding Tools - Importance of holding tools in day-to-day life
Driving Tools - Driving tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different holding tools used in a workplace
- Name holding tools found within the locality
- Appreciate the variety of holding tools in daily use

- Explain how to care for holding tools
- Describe maintenance practices for holding tools
- Show responsibility in tool care and maintenance

- Study holding tools shown in pictures
- Discuss why the tools are known as holding tools
- Mention where the tools can be found within the locality
- Draw and name the tools in exercise books
- Study pictures showing care for holding tools
- Discuss how tools in the pictures have been taken care of
- Explain the importance of proper tool care
- Demonstrate maintenance practices for holding tools

What are holding tools?
Why is it important to care for and maintain holding tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
- Visual aids
- Real holding tools
- Pictures of holding tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 115
- Task scenarios
- Holding tools
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 116
- Pictures of holding tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 117
- Safety equipment
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 119
- Pictures of tool maintenance
- Holding tools
- Cleaning materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 120
- Pictures of workers using holding tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 121
- Word search puzzles
- Problem-solving exercises
- Self-reflection forms
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 124
- Pictures of driving tools
- Real driving tools
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawings assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Demonstration assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Selecting driving tools for performing given tasks
Driving Tools - Uses of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate driving tools for specific tasks
- Explain reasons for selecting specific driving tools
- Appreciate the importance of proper tool selection

- Study tasks requiring driving tools
- Select the most appropriate driving tool for each task
- Give reasons for the choice of tool
- Discuss factors to consider when selecting driving tools

How do you determine which driving tool is appropriate for a specific task?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 125
- Task scenarios
- Driving tools
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
- Pictures of driving tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links

- Observation - Oral questions - Tool selection assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Uses of driving tools
Driving Tools - Caring for driving tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate safe use of driving tools
- Follow safety guidelines when using driving tools
- Show responsibility in using driving tools safely

- Search for information on safe use of driving tools
- Create a skit demonstrating safe use of driving tools
- Practice using driving tools while following safety guidelines
- Observe safety rules during demonstrations

What safety measures should be observed when using driving tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 128
- Driving tools
- Safety equipment
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 130
- Pictures of tool maintenance
- Cleaning materials

- Observation - Demonstration - Practical assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Importance of driving tools in day-to-day life
Distribution of Goods and Services - Role of intermediaries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of driving tools
- Identify tasks that require driving tools
- Appreciate the role of driving tools in daily life

- Explain the meaning of channels of distribution
- Describe the role of intermediaries
- Appreciate the importance of distribution channels

- Mention tasks that can be performed using driving tools
- Discuss the importance of driving tools in day-to-day life
- Explain how driving tools make work easier
- Describe safety benefits of proper tool use
- Discuss and present the meaning of channels of distribution
- Explain the role of intermediaries in distribution
- Search for information on intermediaries in distribution
- Present findings to the class

How do driving tools improve productivity and safety?
Why are intermediaries important in the distribution of goods and services?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 131
- Pictures of tasks using driving tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 132
- Crossword puzzles
- Problem-solving exercises
- Self-reflection forms
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Charts showing distribution channels
- Charts
- Pictures of intermediaries

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Channels for distributing goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify channels for distributing goods
- Illustrate distribution channels
- Show interest in distribution channels

- Search and watch video clips on distribution channels
- Discuss different distribution channels
- Prepare a chart showing channels for distribution
- Present findings to the class

What are the different channels used for distributing goods and services?

- Digital resources
- Video clips
- Charts
- Reference books
- Case studies

- Observation - Chart assessment - Oral presentation

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Ethical and unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ethical practices in distribution
- Recognize unethical practices in distribution
- Value ethical conduct in business

- Discuss ethical practices in distribution of goods and services
- Identify unethical practices in distribution
- Debate on ethical issues in distribution
- Present findings to the class

What ethical issues arise in the distribution of goods and services?

- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Reference books
- Newspaper articles

- Observation - Debate assessment - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Ethical and unethical practices
Distribution of Goods and Services - Participation in distribution
Project - Identifying problems to be solved

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze the impact of unethical practices
- Suggest ways to promote ethical practices
- Show commitment to ethical business conduct

- Identify problems in the locality
- Describe causes of identified problems
- Show interest in solving community problems

- Analyze case studies on unethical distribution practices
- Discuss the impact of unethical practices on consumers
- Suggest ways to promote ethical practices
- Role play ethical and unethical scenarios
- Explore the locality to identify problems
- Observe activities in different areas of the locality
- Interview community members about challenges
- Record findings in a structured format

How do unethical distribution practices affect consumers and businesses?
What problems in our locality can be solved using skills from Pre-Technical Studies?

- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Reference books
- Role play scenarios
- Local businesses
- Community resources
- Interview guides
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 153
- Community resources
- Questionnaires
- Recording materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 154
- Collected data
- Digital resources
- Presentation materials

- Case study analysis - Role play assessment - Written assignments
- Observation - Interview assessment - Field notes

Tools and Production

Project - Selecting an item to solve the identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify possible items to solve the identified problem
- Select an appropriate item based on specific criteria
- Show creativity in problem-solving

- Discuss how the identified problem can be solved
- Use available resources to search for possible solutions
- Identify items that can solve the problem
- Suggest technical skills needed to make the items

How do we determine the most appropriate solution to our identified problem?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 154
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Problem analysis tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 155
- Evaluation tools

- Observation - Oral presentation - Solution assessment

Tools and Production

Project - Making an item to solve the problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sketch the selected item
- Plan the making process
- Show creativity in design

- Make freehand sketches of the selected item
- Use resources to find steps for making the item
- Create a plan for making the item
- Prepare material and tool lists

How should we plan the making process?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 155
- Drawing materials
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 156
- Local materials
- Tool catalogs

- Sketches assessment - Planning assessment - Oral presentation

Tools and Production

Project - Making an item to solve the problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Follow safety procedures
- Use tools and materials appropriately
- Show responsibility during the making process

- Complete the making process
- Evaluate the finished item
- Show pride in the finished product

- Wear appropriate safety gear
- Assemble materials and tools
- Inspect tools for good condition
- Begin making the item following planned steps
- Complete the making of the designed item
- Clean the working area and tools
- Store tools properly
- Evaluate the finished item

What safety considerations are important during the making process?
How can we evaluate the quality of our finished item?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 156
- Safety gear
- Tools and materials
- Work space
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 156
- Tools and materials
- Cleaning supplies
- Evaluation tools
- Cost calculation tools
- Digital resources
- Pricing guides

- Observation - Safety compliance - Work progress
- Product assessment - Workspace management - Self-evaluation

Tools and Production

Project - Making an item to solve the problem
Project - Utilizing skills to solve problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present the finished item effectively
- Explain how the item solves the identified problem
- Value feedback for improvement

- Present the finished item to the class
- Explain how the item solves the identified problem
- Demonstrate how the item works
- Receive feedback from classmates

How effectively does our item solve the identified problem?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 156
- Finished item
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 157
- Documentation tools
- Community resources

- Presentation - Product demonstration - Peer feedback

Tools and Production

Project - Utilizing skills to solve problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Evaluate the success of the solution
- Identify areas for improvement
- Show commitment to continuous improvement

- Evaluate how well the item solved the problem
- Identify strengths and weaknesses of the solution
- Suggest improvements for future projects
- Complete a self-reflection form

What have we learned from this project and how can we improve?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 157
- Evaluation tools
- Self-reflection forms
- Feedback data
- Finished item
- Presentation materials
- Community venue

- Solution evaluation - Improvement suggestions - Self-reflection

Tools and Production
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship

Project - Utilizing skills to solve problems
Financial Services - Financial institutions available in Kenya
Financial Services - Financial institutions available in Kenya
Financial Services - Classification of financial institutions in Kenya
Financial Services - Services offered by financial institutions in Kenya
Government and Business - Reasons for government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Document the entire project process
- Create a comprehensive project report
- Show appreciation for skills acquired

- Identify classifications of financial institutions
- Compare banking and non-banking institutions
- Value the diversity of financial institutions

- Create a comprehensive project report
- Include problem identification, solution development, implementation, and evaluation
- Reflect on skills acquired and applied
- Present the final report
- Study a presentation on classification of financial institutions
- Identify the classifications of financial institutions
- Brainstorm on each classification
- Create a comparison table for the classifications

How can we document our project journey for future reference?
How are financial institutions classified in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 157
- Project documentation
- Digital resources
- Reporting templates
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 160
- Pictures of financial institutions
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 161
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 162
- Presentation materials
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 164
- Reference materials
- Presentation tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 169
- Pictures showing government involvement

- Project report - Documentation quality - Presentation skills
- Observation - Oral questions - Table assessment

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Reasons for government involvement in business
Government and Business - Ways of government involvement in business
Government and Business - Ways of government involvement in business
Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze specific reasons for government involvement
- Give examples of each reason
- Value government's role in ensuring fairness

- Study flashcards showing reasons for government involvement
- Discuss each reason and give examples
- Write down the discussion in exercise books
- Present the findings in class

How does government involvement in business benefit citizens?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 170
- Flashcards
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 171
- Pictures of regulatory actions
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 172
- Reference materials
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 173
- Pictures of public facilities

- Discussion assessment - Written notes - Oral presentation

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya
Government and Business - e-Government services in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of taxes in Kenya
- Explain the purpose of each tax type
- Show responsibility towards tax compliance

- Use available resources to find information about tax types
- Discuss types of taxes (income tax, VAT, corporate tax, excise duty)
- Find out current rates of each tax type
- Present findings in class

What are the different types of taxes collected in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 175
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 176
- Case study
- Reference materials

- Research assessment - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Importance of a business plan
Business Plan - Components of a business plan
Business Plan - Filling in a business plan template

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a business plan
- Explain the importance of a business plan
- Value the role of planning in business

- Identify components of a business plan
- Describe each component
- Value the structure of a business plan

- Brainstorm on the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Discuss how a business plan helps entrepreneurs
- Explain reasons for making a business plan
- Share findings with the class
- Study a chart showing components of a business plan
- Describe each component
- Study sample business plans
- Present the discussion in class

Why is a business plan important for entrepreneurs?
What are the key components of a successful business plan?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 180
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Video link
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 181
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 183
- Charts
- Sample business plans
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 184
- Case studies
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 185
- Business plan template
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment
- Observation - Oral presentation - Written assignments