Living Things and Their Environment

Plants - Characteristics of plants as living things

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify characteristics that make plants living things
- Explain why plants are grouped as living things
- Show interest in learning about plants as living things

- Learners take a walk in the school compound and neighboring environment to observe plants in their locality
- Learners record any characteristics indicating that plants are living things
- Learners search for information on characteristics of plants as living things from print and non-print media
- Learners discuss why plants are grouped as living things

Why are plants grouped as living things?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 1
School compound
Digital devices
Protective gear
Suitable bags for collecting simple plants
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 2
Pictures of different plants showing various characteristics of living things

Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Plants - Functions of external parts of a plant

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the external parts of a plant
- Draw and label the external parts of a plant
- Appreciate the importance of each part of a plant

- Learners collect seedlings from their local environment
- Learners observe the plants they have collected to identify their various parts
- Learners draw and label the external parts of a plant they have collected
- Learners compare their drawings with the picture shown in the book

What are the main external parts of a plant?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 5
Protective hand gloves
Suitable bags for collecting plants
Various seedlings from the local environment
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 7
Water
Clear container
Young plant
Ink/food coloring
Cutting tool
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 9
Pictures of plants with visible root systems
Pictures of root vegetables (cassava, carrots, beetroots)
Digital devices
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 11
Clear glasses
Stalks with white flowers
Food dye or red cabbage juice
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 12
Print materials (textbooks, charts)
Pictures of different types of plant stems

Drawing and labeling assessment Observation Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Plants - Functions of external parts of a plant

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the functions of leaves
- Explain how leaves make food for the plant
- Appreciate the role of leaves in plant survival

- Learners use print and non-print media to find out the functions of leaves
- Learners discuss how plants with green leaves make food
- Learners record their findings and share with other learners
- Learners view digital content on functions of leaves if available

What are the functions of leaves in a plant?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 14
Print materials (textbooks, reference books)
Digital devices
Pictures of different types of leaves
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 15
Three glass jars or clear containers
Two young plants (one with leaves, one without)
Water
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 16
Pictures of vegetables with edible leaves (cabbage, spinach, kale, lettuce)

Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Plants - Care for plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ways of caring for plants
- Explain why it is important to care for plants
- Develop a positive attitude towards caring for plants

- Learners plant seeds in their school or home garden
- Learners water the plants regularly and observe as they germinate and grow
- Learners discuss what plants need for healthy growth
- Learners discuss the importance of plants to other living things

How can we care for plants in our environment?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 21
Seeds for planting
Watering cans
Garden tools
Digital devices
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 22
Print materials (textbooks, reference books)
Charts and posters on plant care

Observation Practical assessment Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Animals - Characteristics of animals as living things

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify characteristics of animals as living things
- Record evidence that animals are living things
- Appreciate the need to handle animals with care

- Learners take a walk in the school compound and neighboring environment to observe animals
- Learners identify characteristics of animals and record evidence that they are living things
- Learners use digital devices to take pictures and record video clips of different animals
- Learners discuss safety measures when handling animals

What characteristics show that animals are living things?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 25
Digital devices with cameras
Protective gear
Notebooks and pens
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 26
Pictures of different animals
Print materials (textbooks, charts, magazines)
Digital devices
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 28
Pictures of animals feeding
Print materials

Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Animals - Characteristics of animals as living things

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify growth as a characteristic of animals
- Observe evidence of animal growth
- Show curiosity in how animals grow

- Learners observe pictures showing evidence that animals grow
- Learners discuss the pictures and identify the characteristic of animals illustrated
- Learners follow safety precautions when interacting with animals
- Learners share their observations with peers

How do animals grow?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 29
Pictures showing animals of different ages and sizes
Digital devices
Print materials
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 30
Pictures of animals and their young ones

Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Animals - Characteristics of animals as living things

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify waste removal as a characteristic of animals
- Describe how different animals remove waste
- Value the usefulness of animal waste as manure

- Learners use print and non-print media to find out how different animals remove waste
- Learners discuss the types of waste removed by animals
- Learners discuss how waste from some animals can be used
- Learners record and share their findings

How do animals remove waste?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 31
Pictures showing animals removing waste
Print materials
Digital devices
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 32
Pictures showing animals moving in different ways
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 33
Pictures of animals responding to environmental changes

Observation Oral questions Group discussion assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

Animals - Characteristics of animals as living things
Animals - Vertebrates and invertebrates

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify death as a characteristic of animals
- Discuss reasons why animals die
- Show respect for animal life

- Learners discuss death as a characteristic of animals
- Learners visit a farm near their home or school to gather information
- Learners observe pictures showing animals that have died
- Learners discuss reasons why animals die

Why do animals die?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 35
Pictures showing dead animals
Print materials
Digital devices
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 38
Pictures of vertebrates and invertebrates

Group discussion assessment Observation Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Animals - Vertebrates and invertebrates
Animals - Care for animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify vertebrates and invertebrates from pictures
- Group animals as vertebrates or invertebrates
- Show appreciation for animal diversity

- Learners discuss pictures of animals and identify those with and without backbones
- Learners cut out pictures of animals from old magazines and newspapers
- Learners identify those with backbones and those without
- Learners create a picture album or portfolio of vertebrates and invertebrates

How can we classify animals into vertebrates and invertebrates?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 39
Pictures of various animals
Old magazines and newspapers
Glue
Scrap books
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 40
Pictures showing people caring for animals
Print materials
Digital devices

Portfolio assessment Observation Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Digestive System - Parts of the human digestive system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of digestion
- Describe what happens to food we eat
- Show interest in learning about the digestive system

- Learners study pictures of the human digestive system
- Learners discuss what happens to food we eat
- Learners search for information about the human digestive system using print materials or digital media
- Learners share their findings with peers

What happens to the food we eat?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 43
Pictures of the human digestive system
Print materials
Digital devices
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 44
Pencils and erasers
Tracing paper
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 45
Locally available materials for modeling

Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Digestive System - Healthy digestive system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what dental hygiene means
- Describe proper ways of brushing teeth and tongue
- Show interest in maintaining dental hygiene

- Learners listen to a resource person talk about dental and oral hygiene
- Learners discuss the meaning of dental hygiene
- Learners discuss and demonstrate the correct way of brushing teeth and tongue
- Learners discuss when to brush teeth and why it is important

How do we maintain dental hygiene?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 47
Pictures showing steps of brushing teeth
Resource person
Print materials
Digital devices
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 48
Materials for creating dental hygiene plans

Observation Practical assessment Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Digestive System - Healthy digestive system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of deworming
- Describe why deworming is important
- Show interest in regular deworming

- Learners discuss a notification form about a school deworming program
- Learners search for information on the meaning and importance of deworming
- Learners share experiences on deworming
- Learners discuss a plan for deworming regularly

Why is deworming important?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 49
Sample notification form on school deworming program
Print materials
Digital devices
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 50
Charts on deworming
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 51
Pictures of different foods

Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Digestive System - Healthy digestive system
Human Digestive System - Symptoms of unhealthy digestive system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify eating habits that maintain a healthy digestive system
- Distinguish between healthy and unhealthy eating habits
- Develop positive eating habits

- Learners discuss eating habits that help to maintain a healthy digestive system
- Learners identify eating habits that are not healthy for the digestive system
- Learners complete a table identifying eating habits as healthy or unhealthy
- Learners share their findings with peers

Which eating habits are healthy for our digestive system?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 52
Pictures of different foods
Print materials
Digital devices
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 54
Pictures illustrating symptoms of an unhealthy digestive system

Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Digestive System - Symptoms of unhealthy digestive system
Human Digestive System - Developing a plan for maintaining a healthy digestive system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe symptoms of an unhealthy digestive system
- Explain what causes these symptoms
- Recognize when to seek medical attention

- Learners study pictures illustrating symptoms of an unhealthy digestive system
- Learners discuss what each symptom means
- Learners describe each symptom and possible causes
- Learners discuss when to seek medical attention for digestive system problems

How can we recognize an unhealthy digestive system?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 55
Pictures illustrating symptoms of an unhealthy digestive system
Print materials
Digital devices
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 56
Sample plan for maintaining a healthy digestive system
Materials for creating plans

Observation Oral questions Group discussion assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Digestive System - Developing a plan for maintaining a healthy digestive system
Human Digestive System - Assessment
Human Digestive System - Self-assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Copy and customize a digestive health plan
- Add personal items to the plan
- Demonstrate commitment to maintaining digestive health

- Learners copy a sample plan for maintaining a healthy digestive system
- Learners add other items to the checklist based on their personal needs
- Learners display their plans on walls where family members can see and read them
- Learners take pictures of their plans and share them with peers

What should be included in a digestive health plan?

KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 56
Materials for creating digestive health plans
Digital devices with cameras
Scrap books
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 57
Assessment worksheets
Digital devices
Print materials
KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 58
Self-assessment checklists

Plan assessment Observation Oral presentation

Matter

Properties of matter - Meaning of matter
Properties of matter - States of matter
Properties of matter - Properties of solids
Properties of matter - Definite volume of solids
Properties of matter - Mass of solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of matter
- Identify examples of matter in the environment
- Appreciate the existence of matter in the environment

- Brainstorm on the meaning of matter
- Observe things around them
- Identify and list things they can see
- Observe if they occupy space
- Use a sheet of paper to fan their face and note what they feel
- Share findings in a class presentation

How do we define matter?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 59
- Digital devices
- Pen, notebook, sheet of paper
- Immediate environment
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 60
- Various objects in the immediate environment
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 61
- Various solid objects (stones, books, soil, pebbles)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 62
- Two containers of the same size
- Soil/sand/pebbles
- Stone
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 63
- Various solid objects
- Spring balance (if available)
- Thread or string

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Measuring mass of solids
Properties of matter - Comparing mass of solids
Properties of matter - Properties of liquids
Properties of matter - Definite volume of liquids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure the mass of various solids using a spring balance
- Record the mass of solids
- Appreciate the importance of measuring mass

- Tie a thread or string to a stone
- Hook the string to a spring balance
- Note the reading before taking the masses of the solids
- Weigh the masses, one at a time
- Record the mass of each solid in a table

How do we measure the mass of solids?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 64
- Spring balance
- Thread or string
- Various solids (stones, wood, plastics, bean seeds, books, nails, metal rods)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 65
- Materials for making a beam balance
- Various solid objects of different masses
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 66
- Water
- Transparent containers of different shapes
- Measuring containers
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 67
- Measuring containers of different shapes and sizes

- Observation - Practical activity assessment - Written work

Matter

Properties of matter - Mass of liquids
Properties of matter - Properties of gases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that liquids have mass
- Compare the mass of liquids with empty containers
- Value the importance of mass in liquids

- Have two similar jerricans or big water bottles of the same size and material
- Fill one with water and leave the other empty
- Lift the empty bottle and note if it's heavy or light
- Lift the bottle filled with water and note if it's heavy or light
- Determine which bottle is easier to lift
- Explain observations

Do liquids have mass?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 68
- Two similar water bottles or jerricans
- Water
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 69
- Balloons of different sizes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Matter

Properties of matter - Mass of gases
Properties of matter - Volume of gases
Properties of matter - Importance of different states of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that gases have mass
- Compare the mass of inflated and deflated objects
- Show interest in investigating properties of gases

- Collect two similar balls or balloons (both inflated)
- Get a pin, needle, thorn, or toothpick for deflating
- Use a beam balance to compare masses of two inflated balls/balloons
- Deflate one ball/balloon
- Compare their masses on the beam balance again
- Record observations

Do gases have mass?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 70
- Two similar balls or balloons
- Pin, needle, thorn, or toothpick
- Beam balance
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 71
- Glass
- Piece of cloth or tissue paper
- Basin with water
- Glue
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 75
- Digital devices (if available)
- Textbooks
- Charts showing uses of different states of matter

- Observation - Practical assessment - Written work

Matter

Management of solid waste - Meaning of solid waste
Management of solid waste - Types of solid waste in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of solid waste
- Identify different types of solid waste
- Develop interest in proper management of solid waste

- Read the story about schools holding sports events
- Discuss the meaning of solid waste
- Identify types of solid waste likely generated during sports events
- Discuss what would happen if waste is dumped carelessly
- Share findings

What is solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 77
- Pen and notebook
- Immediate environment
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 78

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Decomposable waste
Management of solid waste - Non-decomposable waste
Management of solid waste - Sorting solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify decomposable solid waste
- Explain what happens to decomposable waste over time
- Show interest in management of decomposable waste

- Study pictures of decomposable solid waste
- Discuss what is shown and how it affects the environment
- Discuss what happens when banana peels or food leftovers are left in a covered container for a week
- Explain the process of decomposition
- Record observations

What happens to decomposable waste over time?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 79
- Pictures of decomposable waste
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 80
- Pictures of non-decomposable waste
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 81
- Two separate dustbins for decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Protective gear (gloves)
- Solid waste from school compound

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Dangers of solid waste
Management of solid waste - Methods of managing solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the dangers of solid waste to the environment
- Explain how solid waste affects humans, animals, and plants
- Show concern for the effects of solid waste on the environment

- Study picture of decomposable and non-decomposable solid waste dumped in a water source
- Identify and discuss what is illustrated
- Discuss possible causes and effects on the environment
- Brainstorm solutions to the problem
- Record findings and share with classmates

How is solid waste dangerous to the environment?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 82
- Pictures showing environmental pollution
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 83
- Pen and notebook
- Textbooks
- Digital media (if available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - The 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
Management of solid waste - Managing waste in classroom

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
- Identify ways of applying the 3Rs in waste management
- Value the importance of the 3Rs in waste management

- Brainstorm on the meaning of reduce, reuse, and recycle
- Study pictures showing methods of managing solid waste
- Come up with ideas of managing various types of solid waste based on the 3Rs
- Create a wheel of ideas for managing solid waste
- Share ideas with peers, family, and community members

How can we apply the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in managing solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 84
- Pictures showing methods of waste management
- Pen and notebook
- Textbooks
- Digital media (if available)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 86
- Separate bins for decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Protective gloves and masks
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Group work assessment - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste in school
Management of solid waste - Managing waste at home
Management of solid waste - Managing waste in public functions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and collect types of solid waste found in the school
- Apply the 3Rs in managing school waste
- Value proper waste management in the school environment

- Identify and collect types of solid waste found in the school
- Discuss how various types of waste can be managed by reducing, reusing, and recycling
- Record findings and share with classmates
- Observe safety measures during waste collection

How can we apply the 3Rs in managing waste in our school?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 87
- Protective gloves and masks
- Collection bins
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 88
- Pen and notebook
- Pictures showing waste management at home
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 89
- Pictures of public events

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Safety measures
Management of solid waste - Project planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify safety measures when handling solid waste
- Explain the importance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Show responsibility in observing safety measures

- Study pictures showing items used to handle various types of solid waste
- Identify safety measures when handling any type of solid waste
- Find out the meaning of PPE
- Discuss types of protective clothing and equipment used
- Record and share findings with classmates

What safety measures should we observe when handling solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 90
- Pictures showing safety measures
- Personal Protective Equipment (if available)
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 91
- Pictures showing steps for projects

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Making a waste bin
Management of solid waste - Making toys or ornaments
Water conservation - Meaning of water conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a waste bin using locally available materials
- Apply creativity in designing a waste bin
- Appreciate the value of reusing waste materials

- Follow steps to make a waste bin
- Identify and collect materials
- Make and label the waste bin
- Take pictures or videos during the activity (if possible)
- Display completed waste bins
- Share tips discovered during the project

How can we make a waste bin from locally available materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 92
- Locally available materials (cardboard, plastic bottles, sheets of newspaper, carton boxes)
- Tools for cutting and joining materials
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 93
- Waste materials suitable for making toys or ornaments
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 95
- Pictures showing water conservation
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Product assessment - Project evaluation

Matter

Water conservation - Water wastage
Water conservation - Water wastage in school

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which water is wasted
- Distinguish between proper and improper water use
- Show concern for water wastage

- Study pictures showing water use
- Discuss whether water is being used properly in each picture
- Record findings and share with classmates
- Discuss consequences of water wastage

How is water wasted in our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 96
- Pictures showing water use
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 97
- Pictures showing water use in school

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Water conservation - Water wastage at home
Water conservation - Ways of using water wisely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which water is wasted at home
- Explain consequences of water wastage at home
- Show responsibility in proper water use at home

- Discuss ways in which water is wasted at home
- Identify activities that lead to water wastage
- Discuss the dangers of leaving taps running
- Discuss consequences of wet floors
- Share findings with classmates

How is water wasted in our homes?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 98
- Pictures showing water use at home
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 99
- Chart showing different ways of using water

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Methods of conserving water (3Rs)
Water conservation - Reducing water usage
Water conservation - Reusing water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of reducing, reusing, and recycling water
- Identify ways of applying 3Rs in water conservation
- Show interest in water conservation using 3Rs

- Discuss the meaning of reducing, reusing, and recycling in water conservation
- Study pictures showing water conservation methods
- Answer questions about applying 3Rs to water conservation
- Complete a table categorizing conservation methods

How can we apply the 3Rs in water conservation?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 100
- Pictures showing water conservation methods
- Pen and notebook
- Print and digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 101
- Pictures showing ways to reduce water usage
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 102
- Pictures showing ways to reuse water

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Recycling water
Water conservation - Importance of water conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of recycling water
- Identify ways of recycling water
- Value the importance of recycling water

- Discuss the concept of recycling water
- Explore examples: treating used water to remove impurities before reuse
- Discuss how industries recycle water
- Record and share findings with classmates

How is water recycled for reuse?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 103
- Pictures showing water recycling processes
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 104
- Story about water conservation
- Pictures of water storage facilities

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter
Force and Energy
Force and Energy

Water conservation - Responsible water use
Water conservation - Creating water conservation posters
Force and its Effect - Meaning of force
Force and its Effect - Types of forces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Practice responsible water use
- Keep a record of water conservation practices
- Value responsible water use habits

- Keep a journal of ways in which they practice responsible water use
- Record observations at the end of every week
- Share experiences with other learners
- Exchange ideas on responsible water use habits
- Share ideas with family and community

How can we practice responsible water use in our daily lives?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 105
- Journal for recording observations
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 106
- Cardboard paper, sheets of paper
- Masking tape, glue
- Digital devices (if available)
- Coloring materials
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 111
- Digital media
- Heavy objects for moving
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 113
- Various objects to demonstrate gravity
- Digital resources

- Observation - Journal assessment - Self-evaluation

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Force of gravity
Force and its Effect - Force of friction
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Change of shape
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Start and stop motion
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Change direction and increase speed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of the force of gravity
- Demonstrate the existence of force of gravity
- Appreciate the importance of gravity in nature

- Search for information about force of gravity using textbooks or digital media
- Throw a ball upwards and observe it falling back
- Discuss why ripe fruits fall from trees
- Share findings with peers

Why does a ball fall back to the ground when we throw it upwards?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 113
- Balls
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 114
- Various objects to demonstrate friction
- Rough and smooth surfaces
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 115
- Paper
- Malleable objects
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 116
- Open space for activities
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 117
- Swings
- Hard surfaces

- Observation - Oral questions - Demonstration

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Hold objects together
Force and its Effect - Uses of force in day-to-day life
Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Smoothening surfaces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that force can hold objects together
- Identify situations where force holds objects
- Show interest in learning how objects are held together

- Join pieces of wood with nails or glue under teacher guidance
- Try to pull apart the joined pieces
- Discuss what holds the two pieces together
- Observe safety measures when using tools

How is force applied to hold objects together?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 119
- Pieces of wood
- Nails
- Hammer or carpenter's glue
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 122
- Digital resources
- Wheelbarrow
- Pictures showing use of force
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 125
- Sandpaper
- Wood planer
- Smooth and rough surfaces

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Using lubricants
Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Using rollers and ball bearings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how lubricants reduce friction
- Identify situations where lubricants are used
- Appreciate the importance of lubricants in daily activities

- Observe a tailor maintaining a sewing machine
- Discuss why doors make squeaky noises
- Identify machines that require oiling/greasing
- Record observations in notebooks

Why do tailors apply oil to the moving parts of a sewing machine?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 126
- Lubricants (oil, grease)
- Pictures of machines
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 127
- Rollers
- Pictures of ball bearings
- Heavy objects for demonstrations

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Meaning of light
Light - Sources of light: Natural sources
Light - Sources of light: Artificial sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of light
- Describe the importance of light for seeing
- Appreciate the value of light in our lives

- Darken the classroom by closing windows and curtains
- Try to read what is written on the board in darkness
- Discuss observations and meaning of light
- Compare reading in dark versus well-lit rooms

Can you see clearly in a dark room?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 135
- Classroom with windows/curtains
- Written text on board
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 136
- Digital resources
- Pictures of light sources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 137
- Various artificial light sources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house: Using windows
Light - Ways of lighting a house: Translucent roofs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how windows are used to light a house
- Compare well-lit and poorly-lit rooms
- Appreciate the importance of natural lighting

- Observe pictures of well-lit and poorly-lit rooms
- Discuss the importance of windows in lighting
- Compare rooms with large windows versus small windows
- Record observations

Which room is well-lit? Why?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 138
- Pictures of well-lit and poorly-lit rooms
- Classroom with windows
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 140
- Pictures of buildings with translucent roofs
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house: Artificial lighting
Light - Ways of lighting a house: Solar lighting
Light - Uses of light: Plants and light

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify artificial ways of lighting a house
- Describe various artificial lighting sources
- Appreciate the importance of proper lighting

- Observe and discuss different artificial lighting methods
- Identify common artificial lighting sources in homes
- Discuss safety measures when using artificial lighting
- Record observations

What are some artificial ways of lighting a house?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 141
- Various artificial light sources
- Pictures of lighting methods
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 142
- Pictures of solar panels
- Digital resources
- Solar powered devices
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 143
- Pictures of plants
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Uses of light: Safety and security
Light - Uses of light: Reading and eye health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how light is used for safety
- Describe the importance of well-lit roads and paths
- Appreciate light's role in security

- Observe pictures of well-lit and dark roads
- Discuss the safety implications for pedestrians and motorists
- Explain how light discourages criminal activities
- Record observations

Would a motorist feel safe while driving on a dark road? Why?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 145
- Pictures of well-lit and dark roads
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 144
- Pictures showing reading in different lighting conditions

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light: Communication
Light - Applications of light: Discouraging pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how light is used for communication
- Identify various light signals in daily life
- Appreciate the importance of light signals

- Discuss how traffic lights guide motorists and pedestrians
- Identify other light signals used for communication
- Observe pictures of traffic lights and other light signals
- Record observations

How is light used as a form of communication?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 144
- Pictures of traffic lights
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Pictures of pests

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light: Daily activities
Light - Applications of light: Summary and review
Heat - Meaning of heat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe various applications of light in daily life
- Explain the importance of light in different contexts
- Value light as an essential resource

- Discuss various applications of light in day-to-day activities
- Sort sources of light into natural and artificial
- Describe affordable lighting options
- Complete diagrams on light sources and applications

Why is light important in day-to-day life?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 149
- Charts on light applications
- Digital resources
- Digital resources
- Assessment worksheets
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 151

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Sources of heat: Sun
Heat - Sources of heat: Fire

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the sun as a source of heat
- Describe how solar energy is used as heat
- Appreciate the sun as a natural heat source

- Discuss the sun as a source of heat
- Explain how water can be warmed using sunlight
- Observe pictures of solar cookers
- Record observations

What does a solar cooker use as a source of energy?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 153
- Pictures of solar cookers
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 154
- Pictures of fire sources
- Digital resources
- Samples of briquettes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Sources of heat: Gas
Heat - Sources of heat: Electricity
Heat - Uses of heat: Cooking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify gas as a source of heat
- Describe how gas produces heat
- Show awareness of safety when using gas

- Search for information on gas as a heat source
- Discuss how gas produces heat
- Learn about safety measures when using gas
- Record observations

What precautions should one observe when using gas as a source of heat?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 155
- Pictures of gas cylinders and cookers
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 156
- Pictures of electric cookers
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 158
- Pictures of cooking activities

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Uses of heat: Warming
Heat - Uses of heat: Drying

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how heat is used for warming
- Demonstrate ways of generating body heat
- Value heat as a source of warmth

- Discuss ways people keep warm (rubbing hands, sitting near fire)
- Observe pictures of people and animals keeping warm
- Identify various sources of warmth
- Record observations

Why do we rub our hands against each other during the cold season?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 159
- Pictures of warming activities
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Pictures of drying activities

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Uses of heat: Ironing
Heat - Safety measures when handling heat
Heat - Importance of heat in daily life
Heat - Project: Making kitchen gloves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how heat is used for ironing
- Identify various types of irons
- Show awareness of safety when ironing

- Observe pictures of different types of irons
- Discuss how various irons use heat sources
- Compare charcoal, gas, and electric irons
- Record observations

What sources of heat are used for ironing clothes?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 161
- Pictures of different types of irons
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 162
- Safety equipment
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing safety practices
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 165
- Pictures showing uses of heat
- Paper for patterns
- Fabric pieces
- Scissors
- Needles and thread

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments