Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Components of Integrated Science

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term Integrated Science
- Identify the three components of Integrated Science
- Show interest in learning about science components

- Brainstorm on the components of Integrated Science in groups
- Use charts to identify Physics, Chemistry and Biology
- Discuss the meaning of Integrated Science
- Draw and label a diagram showing the three components

How does integration help us understand science better?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 1
- Charts showing science components
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Physics as a component
Introduction to Integrated Science - Chemistry as a component

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define Physics
- Give examples of Physics concepts
- Appreciate the role of Physics in daily life

- Discuss the definition of Physics
- Identify Physics concepts from given examples
- Use digital devices to search for Physics applications
- Share findings with classmates

What is the study of Physics all about?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 2
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Laboratory chemicals
- Charts

- Oral questions - Group discussions - Practical activities

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Biology as a component
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in agriculture
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define Biology
- Give examples of biological concepts
- Appreciate the study of living things

- Discuss the definition of Biology
- Identify living things in the school compound
- Classify organisms as plants and animals
- Share findings through group presentations

Why is the study of living things important?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 2
- Living specimens
- Magnifying glass
- Master Integrated Science pg. 3
- Pictures of farming tools
- School garden
- Master Integrated Science pg. 4
- Pictures of medical equipment
- First aid kit

- Field observations - Group work assessment - Oral questions

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in transport
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in food and textile
Introduction to Integrated Science - Importance in industry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain scientific innovations in transport
- Identify eco-friendly transport methods
- Appreciate technological advancement in transport

- Study pictures of different transport methods
- Discuss electric vehicles and their benefits
- Compare traditional and modern transport
- Create a timeline of transport evolution

How has science improved transportation?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 5
- Pictures of vehicles
- Internet access
- Food packages
- Fabric samples
- Master Integrated Science pg. 6
- Pictures of industries
- Recycled materials

- Timeline creation - Group discussions - Observations

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Career opportunities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify science-related careers
- Explain pathways in STEM education
- Show interest in science careers

- Create a career chart using available materials
- Research science careers using digital devices
- Interview a science professional
- Display career information

What career opportunities does science offer?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 7
- Career magazines
- Digital devices

- Career chart assessment - Interview reports - Presentations

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - STEM pathways

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain STEM pathway components
- Identify senior school science options
- Appreciate the importance of STEM education

- Study STEM pathway diagram
- Discuss Pure Sciences, Applied Sciences, and Technical Engineering
- Create a pathway flow chart
- Share findings with peers

How does Integrated Science prepare us for senior school?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 8
- STEM pathway charts
- Manila papers

- Flow chart creation - Peer discussions - Written assignments

Scientific Investigation

Introduction to Integrated Science - Project work and review
Laboratory Safety - Defining a laboratory

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a comprehensive career chart
- Present science importance findings
- Demonstrate understanding of Integrated Science

- Complete the career chart project
- Present projects to classmates
- Review all topics covered
- Conduct peer assessment

What have we learned about Integrated Science?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 9
- Project materials
- Assessment rubrics
- Master Integrated Science pg. 13
- School laboratory
- Pictures of laboratories

- Project assessment - Peer evaluation - Self-assessment

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Common hazards and symbols

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common laboratory hazards
- Recognize hazard symbols
- Show concern for laboratory safety

- Observe hazard symbols on chemical containers
- Draw and name different hazard symbols
- Discuss the meaning of each symbol
- Create a safety symbols chart

What do laboratory hazard symbols tell us?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 14
- Chemical containers with labels
- Drawing materials

- Symbol identification - Chart creation - Practical work

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Flammable substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify flammable substances
- Explain safety measures for flammable materials
- Practice safe handling of such substances

- Identify the flammable symbol
- Discuss substances that catch fire easily
- Practice proper storage methods
- Demonstrate safe handling procedures

How should we handle substances that catch fire easily?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 15
- Flammable substance containers
- Safety equipment

- Practical demonstrations - Safety practice assessment - Oral questions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Toxic substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify toxic substances
- Explain dangers of toxic materials
- Practice safety measures when near toxic substances

- Identify the toxic symbol
- Discuss harmful effects of toxic substances
- Practice using protective equipment
- Demonstrate proper disposal methods

Why are some laboratory substances dangerous to our health?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 15
- Protective equipment
- Toxic substance labels

- Practical demonstrations - Safety assessment - Written tests

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Corrosive substances
Laboratory Safety - Radioactive and carcinogenic substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify corrosive substances
- Explain the effects of corrosive materials
- Practice safe handling of corrosive substances

- Identify the corrosive symbol
- Discuss damage caused by corrosive substances
- Practice emergency procedures
- Demonstrate proper storage

What happens when corrosive substances touch our skin?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 16
- Corrosive warning labels
- Safety equipment
- Radioactive warning labels
- Safety protocols chart

- Emergency procedure practice - Safety demonstrations - Oral assessments

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Causes of laboratory accidents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common causes of laboratory accidents
- Explain how accidents occur
- Develop awareness to prevent accidents

- Discuss common laboratory accidents
- Analyze case studies of laboratory incidents
- Identify unsafe practices
- Create an accident prevention checklist

How do accidents happen in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 17
- Case study materials
- Accident report forms

- Case study analysis - Checklist creation - Group discussions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Burns and scalds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between burns and scalds
- Identify causes of burns and scalds
- Practice prevention measures

- Differentiate between dry heat burns and wet heat scalds
- Identify sources of burns and scalds in the laboratory
- Practice proper handling of hot equipment
- Demonstrate safety procedures

What is the difference between burns and scalds?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 18
- Hot water demonstration setup
- Safety equipment

- Practical demonstrations - Safety procedure assessment - Oral questions

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - Cuts and injuries
Laboratory Safety - Ingestion of harmful substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify causes of cuts in the laboratory
- Practice safe handling of glassware
- Demonstrate proper cleanup procedures

- Handle glassware safely
- Practice proper disposal of broken glass
- Demonstrate safe cutting techniques
- Learn emergency response for cuts

How can we prevent cuts when using glassware?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 18
- Glassware samples
- Safety gloves
- Master Integrated Science pg. 19
- Hand washing stations
- Emergency contact information

- Safe handling demonstration - Emergency response practice - Practical assessment

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - First aid for burns and scalds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate first aid for burns
- Demonstrate first aid for scalds
- Practice emergency response procedures

- Learn the steps for treating burns
- Practice cooling burn injuries
- Demonstrate proper wound covering
- Role-play emergency situations

What should we do immediately when someone gets burned?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 20
- First aid kit
- Cold water supply

- First aid demonstration - Role-play assessment - Practical skills test

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - First aid for cuts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate first aid for cuts
- Practice wound cleaning procedures
- Show competence in bandaging techniques

- Learn proper wound cleaning methods
- Practice applying pressure to stop bleeding
- Demonstrate bandaging techniques
- Role-play cut injury scenarios

How do we properly treat a cut to prevent infection?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 21
- Bandages and gauze
- Antiseptic solution

- Bandaging skills assessment - First aid demonstration - Practical evaluation

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Safety - First aid for ingestion emergencies
Laboratory Safety - Importance of safety measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate first aid for poisoning
- Practice emergency communication
- Show knowledge of when not to induce vomiting

- Learn appropriate responses to chemical ingestion
- Practice emergency calling procedures
- Understand poison control measures
- Role-play poisoning emergencies

What should we do if someone swallows a harmful chemical?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 21
- Emergency contact numbers
- Poison control information
- Master Integrated Science pg. 22
- Safety promotion materials
- Presentation equipment

- Emergency response demonstration - Communication skills assessment - Scenario-based evaluation

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Basic skills in science

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define basic skills in science
- Identify different science process skills
- Appreciate the importance of scientific skills

- Brainstorm on scientific skills
- Identify skills used in daily activities
- Practice observation and classification
- Discuss the importance of each skill

Why are basic skills important in science?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 25
- Observable objects
- Classification materials

- Skills demonstration - Practical observations - Oral assessments

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Manipulative skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define manipulative skills
- Practice handling laboratory equipment
- Demonstrate safe manipulation techniques

- Handle various laboratory tools
- Practice proper gripping techniques
- Demonstrate equipment care
- Show safe manipulation methods

How do we safely handle laboratory equipment?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 26
- Laboratory equipment
- Safety gloves

- Equipment handling assessment - Safety demonstration - Practical skills evaluation

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Observation skills
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Measurement skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define observation skills
- Practice using different senses for observation
- Record observations accurately

- Use all senses to observe objects
- Practice detailed observation techniques
- Record observations systematically
- Compare observations with classmates

What can we learn by observing carefully?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 26
- Various objects for observation
- Observation recording sheets
- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Rulers and measuring tapes
- Objects to measure

- Observation recording assessment - Accuracy evaluation - Systematic recording check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Classification skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define classification skills
- Practice grouping objects by properties
- Create classification systems

- Sort objects by different characteristics
- Create classification charts
- Practice biological classification
- Develop personal classification systems

How do we organize things into groups?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Various objects for sorting
- Classification charts

- Classification accuracy assessment - Chart creation evaluation - System development check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Prediction and communication skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define prediction and communication skills
- Make reasonable predictions
- Communicate findings effectively

- Make predictions about simple experiments
- Test predictions through observation
- Communicate results to classmates
- Practice scientific reporting

How do we share our scientific discoveries?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 27
- Simple experiment materials
- Communication aids

- Prediction accuracy assessment - Communication skills evaluation - Scientific reporting check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Heating apparatus identification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify heating apparatus in the laboratory
- Name different heating instruments
- Understand the purpose of each heating device

- Observe different heating apparatus
- Identify Bunsen burners, spirit lamps, and hot plates
- Discuss uses of each heating device
- Create a chart of heating equipment

What equipment do we use for heating in the laboratory?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 28
- Various heating apparatus
- Equipment identification charts

- Equipment identification assessment - Chart creation evaluation - Purpose explanation check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Parts of a Bunsen burner
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Using and caring for heating apparatus

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify parts of a Bunsen burner
- Explain the function of each part
- Draw a labeled diagram of a Bunsen burner

- Examine a real Bunsen burner
- Identify and label each part
- Discuss the function of each component
- Draw accurate labeled diagrams

What are the different parts of a Bunsen burner?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 30
- Bunsen burner
- Labeling materials
- Master Integrated Science pg. 31
- Heating apparatus
- Safety equipment

- Diagram labeling assessment - Function explanation evaluation - Drawing accuracy check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Mass measuring instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify instruments for measuring mass
- Distinguish between electronic and beam balances
- Practice proper use of weighing instruments

- Identify different types of balances
- Practice using electronic balances
- Compare beam balance and electronic balance
- Measure masses of various objects

What instruments do we use to measure mass?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 34
- Electronic and beam balances
- Objects for weighing

- Balance usage assessment - Measurement accuracy evaluation - Comparison skills check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Temperature measuring instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify temperature measuring instruments
- Read thermometers accurately
- Practice proper thermometer handling

- Identify different types of thermometers
- Practice reading temperature scales
- Measure temperatures of various substances
- Learn proper thermometer care

How do we measure temperature accurately?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 36
- Various thermometers
- Substances at different temperatures

- Reading accuracy assessment - Handling skills evaluation - Care procedure check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Length measuring instruments
Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Volume and weight measuring

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify length measuring instruments
- Use rulers, calipers, and micrometers
- Practice accurate length measurements

- Use rulers and tape measures
- Practice with vernier calipers
- Learn micrometer screw gauge usage
- Measure various object dimensions

What tools help us measure length precisely?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 39
- Rulers, calipers, micrometers
- Objects for measurement
- Master Integrated Science pg. 45
- Volume measuring apparatus
- Spring balances

- Measurement precision assessment - Tool usage evaluation - Accuracy comparison check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Magnification tools and SI units

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify magnification instruments
- Use microscopes and hand lenses
- Understand SI units for measurements

- Practice using hand lenses
- Learn microscope parts and functions
- Use microscopes to observe specimens
- Review all SI units covered

How do we see tiny objects and express measurements?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 49
- Microscopes and hand lenses
- SI unit reference charts

- Microscope usage assessment - Magnification skills evaluation - SI unit application check

Scientific Investigation

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Practical skills assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate competency in using all apparatus
- Show mastery of safety procedures
- Apply measurement skills accurately

- Complete practical skills stations
- Demonstrate all learned procedures
- Apply safety measures consistently
- Show measurement competency

How well can we use laboratory equipment safely and accurately?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 25-56
- All apparatus covered
- Assessment rubrics

- Comprehensive practical assessment - Skills demonstration evaluation - Safety competency check

Scientific Investigation
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Laboratory Apparatus and Instruments - Review and consolidation
Mixtures - Components of Integrated Science as a field of study
Mixtures - Categorising mixtures as homogenous or heterogeneous

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review all concepts covered in the strand
- Demonstrate understanding through assessment
- Appreciate the importance of scientific investigation

- Review all sub-strand topics
- Complete comprehensive assessment
- Reflect on learning achievements
- Plan for future learning

What have we learned about scientific investigation?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 25-56
- Review materials
- Assessment papers
Master Integrated Science pg. 72
- Digital resources
- Internet access
- Exercise books
- Environment for observation

- Comprehensive written assessment - Reflection evaluation - Learning progress check

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Solute, solvent and solution
Mixtures - Identifying solute, solvent and solution in mixtures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define solute, solvent and solution
- Identify the solute and solvent in given solutions
- Show interest in understanding solution formation

- Use textbooks and digital devices to research on solute, solvent and solution
- Discuss findings with classmates
- Demonstrate solution formation using salt and water

How do solutes and solvents combine to form solutions?

Master Integrated Science pg. 74
- Salt and water
- Beakers and stirring rods
- Common salt
- Water
- Beakers
- Stirring rods

- Oral questions - Practical work - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by evaporation
Mixtures - Separation by crystallisation
Mixtures - Simple distillation setup

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the evaporation method of separation
- Demonstrate separation of salt solution using evaporation
- Appreciate the importance of evaporation in separation

- Prepare salt solution
- Set up apparatus for evaporation
- Heat the solution until crystals form
- Record observations and discuss results

How does evaporation help in separating mixtures?

Master Integrated Science pg. 76
- Salt, water
- Evaporating dish
- Bunsen burner
- Tripod stand
Master Integrated Science pg. 78
- Salt, distilled water
- Filter paper and funnel
Master Integrated Science pg. 80
- Distillation apparatus
- Safety equipment

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by simple distillation
Mixtures - Fractional distillation setup

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate simple distillation process
- Explain how simple distillation works
- Show interest in distillation methods

- Separate salt and water using simple distillation
- Observe temperature changes during heating
- Collect distillate and examine residue
- Record observations

How does simple distillation separate components of different boiling points?

Master Integrated Science pg. 80
- Salt solution
- Complete distillation setup
- Thermometer
Master Integrated Science pg. 82
- Fractional distillation apparatus
- Digital devices for research

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Observation schedule

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by fractional distillation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate fractional distillation process
- Explain separation of miscible liquids
- Show appreciation for advanced separation techniques

- Separate water and ethanol mixture using fractional distillation
- Monitor temperature changes
- Collect fractions at different temperatures
- Discuss applications

How are miscible liquids with close boiling points separated?

Master Integrated Science pg. 82
- Water and ethanol mixture
- Complete fractional distillation setup

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by sublimation
Mixtures - Separation by solvent extraction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define sublimation and deposition
- Demonstrate separation using sublimation
- Appreciate sublimation as a separation method

- Separate iodine from impurities using sublimation
- Observe purple vapour formation
- Collect pure iodine crystals on cool surfaces
- Discuss other substances that sublime

How does sublimation help in purifying substances?

Master Integrated Science pg. 84
- Impure iodine
- Evaporating dish
- Filter funnel
- Cotton wool
Master Integrated Science pg. 86
- Groundnuts or seeds
- Propanone
- Mortar and pestle
- Filter paper

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by chromatography

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define paper chromatography
- Demonstrate chromatography technique
- Appreciate chromatography as an analytical tool

- Prepare filter paper strip
- Apply ink spot and dip in propanone
- Observe separation of ink components
- Measure distances travelled by components

How does chromatography separate components of colored mixtures?

Master Integrated Science pg. 88
- Black ink
- Filter paper
- Propanone
- Measuring cylinder

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Extended chromatography activity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply chromatography technique to different materials
- Explain solubility differences in separation
- Show interest in analytical chemistry

- Use different ink samples for chromatography
- Apply radial chromatography technique
- Compare results from different inks
- Discuss solubility and movement patterns

Why do different components move different distances in chromatography?

Master Integrated Science pg. 90
- Various pen inks
- Filter papers
- Propanone
- Droppers

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Checklist

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Applications of separation methods in daily life
Mixtures - Matching separation methods with applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of separation methods in industries
- Explain real-life uses of separation techniques
- Appreciate the importance of separation methods in society

- Study images showing industrial applications
- Discuss separation methods used in salt production
- Research applications using digital devices
- Present findings to classmates

How are separation methods applied in industries and daily life?

Master Integrated Science pg. 92
- Digital devices
- Industrial application images
- Reference materials
Master Integrated Science pg. 94
- Activity tables
- Course book

- Research presentation - Oral questions - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Review of separation methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize all separation methods learned
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of different methods
- Demonstrate understanding of separation principles

- Review all separation methods covered
- Create summary charts of separation techniques
- Discuss when to use each method
- Practice problem-solving with mixture separation

How do we choose the best separation method for a given situation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 72-94
- Summary charts
- Previous practical results

- Written tests - Observation - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Assessment and application synthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply knowledge of separation methods to solve practical problems
- Evaluate effectiveness of different separation techniques
- Show confidence in handling separation challenges

- Solve complex separation problems
- Design separation procedures for given mixtures
- Evaluate and critique separation methods
- Present solutions to separation challenges

How can we design effective separation procedures for complex mixtures?

Master Integrated Science pg. 72-94
- Problem scenarios
- Assessment materials

- Assessment rubrics - Practical work - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Introduction to acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Using litmus paper to identify acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define acids and bases
- Identify characteristics of acids and bases
- Show interest in learning about acids and bases

- Brainstorm on acids and bases
- Discuss taste and texture of common substances
- Identify acidic and basic substances in daily life
- Share experiences with sour and bitter substances

What makes substances acidic or basic?

Master Integrated Science pg. 95
- Common household items
- Course book
Master Integrated Science pg. 96
- Red and blue litmus papers
- Various household solutions
- Test tubes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Resource person on plant extract indicators

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the use of plant extracts as indicators
- Identify plants suitable for indicator preparation
- Show appreciation for natural indicators

- Listen to resource person on plant extract indicators
- Ask questions for clarification
- Write notes on key points discussed
- Discuss applications of natural indicators

Why can some plants be used as acid-base indicators?

Master Integrated Science pg. 98
- Resource person
- Note-taking materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Note-taking assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Preparing indicators from plant extracts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare acid-base indicators from plant flowers
- Extract colored substances from plant materials
- Show interest in natural indicator preparation

- Collect colored flowers from school environment
- Cut flowers into small pieces
- Crush flowers with ethanol to extract color
- Filter the extract to obtain colored solution

How do we extract useful indicators from plants?

Master Integrated Science pg. 98
- Plant flowers
- Ethanol
- Mortar and pestle
- Filter paper

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Observation

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Alternative plant extract preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare indicators using red cabbage or beetroot
- Compare different plant extract indicators
- Appreciate variety in natural indicators

- Use red cabbage or beetroot to prepare indicators
- Follow extraction procedure with ethanol
- Compare color intensity with flower extracts
- Dispose of waste materials safely

Which plants give the best natural indicators?

Master Integrated Science pg. 100
- Red cabbage or beetroot
- Ethanol
- Extraction apparatus

- Practical work - Observation - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Testing solutions with plant extract indicators
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Physical properties of acids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use plant extract indicators to test solutions
- Classify solutions as acidic or basic using natural indicators
- Show appreciation for natural indicator effectiveness

- Test various household solutions with plant extract indicators
- Record color changes observed
- Complete classification table
- Compare results with litmus paper tests

How effective are plant extract indicators compared to litmus paper?

Master Integrated Science pg. 100
- Plant extract indicators
- Various household solutions
- Test tubes
- Droppers
Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Lemon juice
- Safety equipment
- Litmus papers

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Physical properties of bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical properties of bases
- Compare properties of bases with acids
- Appreciate differences between acids and bases

- Observe appearance of baking powder solution
- Test texture and smell safely
- Test with litmus papers
- Compare with acidic solution properties
- Record comparative observations

How do physical properties of bases differ from acids?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Baking powder solution
- Safety equipment
- Litmus papers
- Comparison tables

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Comparative analysis

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Solubility of acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate solubility of acids and bases in water
- Explain formation of homogeneous mixtures
- Show understanding of solution formation

- Add water to lemon juice and observe mixing
- Add water to baking powder solution and observe
- Discuss formation of homogeneous solutions
- Compare solubility characteristics

Why do acids and bases dissolve in water?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Acidic and basic solutions
- Water
- Test tubes
- Observation sheets

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Electrical conductivity of acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of acids in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test electrical conductivity of acids and bases
- Explain why acids and bases conduct electricity
- Appreciate electrical properties of solutions

- Set up electrical conductivity apparatus
- Test conductivity of vinegar
- Test conductivity of baking powder solution
- Observe bulb brightness in both cases

Why do acidic and basic solutions conduct electricity?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Battery and bulb setup
- Connecting wires
- Metal rods
- Acidic and basic solutions
Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Digital devices
- Application images
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of bases in daily life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of bases in cooking, cleaning, and medicine
- Explain applications of bases in agriculture
- Show appreciation for base applications

- Discuss baking soda uses in cooking
- Explore cleaning applications of bases
- Research medicinal uses of antacids
- Study soil treatment with bases

What important roles do bases play in our lives?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Household base products
- Digital resources
- Application examples

- Observation - Research activities - Oral presentations

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of indicators in various sectors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of indicators in agriculture, medicine, and laboratories
- Identify importance of indicators in testing
- Appreciate indicator applications in quality control

- Research indicator uses in soil testing
- Discuss medical test strips
- Explore food freshness indicators
- Study laboratory indicator applications

How do indicators help in testing and quality control?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Test strips examples
- Digital resources
- Laboratory indicators

- Research presentation - Assessment rubrics - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Reading product labels for acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in food and cooking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify acidic and basic ingredients in household products
- Read and interpret product labels
- Show awareness of chemical content in daily products

- Collect household product containers
- Read ingredient labels carefully
- Identify acidic and basic components
- Create classification table of products
- Discuss findings with classmates

What acidic and basic substances are found in household products?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Household product containers
- Label reading worksheets
- Classification tables
- Food product examples
- Cooking ingredients
- Preservative labels

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Label interpretation skills

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in agriculture

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain soil pH management using acids and bases
- Identify fertilizer applications
- Show understanding of agricultural chemistry

- Discuss soil acidity testing
- Explore lime application to neutralize acidic soils
- Study fertilizer use in farming
- Connect with Agriculture and Nutrition concepts

How do farmers use acids and bases to improve soil quality?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Soil testing materials
- Agricultural examples
- pH testing demonstrations

- Practical demonstrations - Assessment rubrics - Cross-curricular connections

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in medicine and health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify medicinal uses of acids and bases
- Explain antacid function in treating heartburn
- Appreciate chemical solutions to health problems

- Study antacid tablet ingredients
- Discuss stomach acid neutralization
- Explore pain relief medications containing acids
- Research medical applications of acids and bases

How do acids and bases help solve health problems?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Medicine examples
- Antacid products
- Medical application research

- Research activities - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in cleaning and industry
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Review and synthesis of concepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain cleaning applications of acids and bases
- Identify industrial uses of acids and bases
- Show appreciation for chemical solutions in industry

- Study toilet cleaners containing acids
- Explore soap and detergent base content
- Discuss car battery acid applications
- Research industrial acid and base uses

What roles do acids and bases play in cleaning and industrial processes?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Cleaning product examples
- Industrial application images
- Safety material examples
Master Integrated Science pg. 95-105
- Review materials
- Concept mapping resources

- Practical demonstrations - Assessment rubrics - Industrial application analysis

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Problem-solving with acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Integration and future applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply knowledge to solve practical problems
- Design experiments to test unknown solutions
- Show confidence in handling acid-base problems

- Solve identification problems with unknown solutions
- Design testing procedures using available indicators
- Evaluate effectiveness of different testing methods
- Present solutions to practical challenges

How can we use our knowledge to solve real acid-base problems?

Master Integrated Science pg. 95-105
- Unknown solution samples
- Various indicators
- Problem scenarios
- Career information resources
- Future learning pathways

- Problem-solving assessment - Practical work - Assessment rubrics