Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Fire Safety - Identifying possible causes of fire outbreak in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term fire
- Identify possible causes of fire outbreak in the environment
- Show interest in learning about fire safety

- Brainstorm on the meaning of fire
- Discuss the importance of fire in daily life
- Study pictures showing possible causes of fire outbreak and identify them
- Share experiences of fire outbreaks in their locality

How is fire important in daily life?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 1
- Digital resources
- Internet access and reference books
- Pictures of fire outbreaks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Fire Safety - Flammable and combustible materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between flammable substances and combustible materials
- Identify examples of flammable substances and combustible materials
- Appreciate the importance of proper handling of flammable and combustible materials

- Use digital devices or print resources to search for the meaning of flammable substances, combustible materials, and electrical faults
- Draw a table and fill in examples of flammable substances and combustible materials
- Identify flammable and combustible materials from given pictures

How can flammable and combustible materials cause fire in the environment?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 2
- Digital devices
- Pictures of flammable and combustible materials
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Fire Safety - Ways of preventing fire outbreaks in the environment
Fire Safety - Extinguishing fires in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of preventing fire outbreaks in the environment
- Explain measures taken to prevent fire outbreaks at home and in school
- Show responsibility in preventing fire outbreaks

- Study pictures showing fire prevention measures
- Identify possible causes of fire in the pictures
- Discuss measures put in place to prevent fire outbreak in school and at home
- Identify safety measures taken to prevent fire outbreaks at home and in school

What measures can be put in place to prevent fire outbreaks?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 4
- Pictures showing fire prevention measures
- Digital resources
- Charts showing fire prevention measures
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 6
- Pictures showing firefighting techniques
- Firefighting equipment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Fire Safety - Importance of fire safety in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of observing fire safety in the environment
- Identify fire safety measures in different environments
- Appreciate the need for fire safety in day-to-day life

- Visit a nearby workplace to observe how fire safety is enhanced
- Identify fire safety measures put in place
- Discuss the need for fire safety in the workshop
- Note the presence of fire extinguishers and marked fire escape routes

Why is fire safety important in our environment?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 8
- Resource person
- Workplace in the locality
- Fire safety equipment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Importance of data in an electronic device

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the terms data and information
- Explain the importance of data in electronic devices
- Value the need to protect data in electronic devices

- Brainstorm the meaning of data and information in an electronic device
- Use digital devices or relevant print media to find out the importance of data in electronic devices
- Outline the main points and share with classmates

Why is data important in electronic devices?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 10
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Charts and posters

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Data Safety - Identifying threats to data in an electronic device

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various threats to data in electronic devices
- Explain how these threats can harm data
- Show concern for data safety

- Study pictures showing threats displayed on digital devices
- Identify the threats displayed on the devices
- Discuss how the threats can harm the data in the devices
- Search for information on threats to data in electronic devices

What are the common threats to data in electronic devices?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 11
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing threats to data
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Communication

Plain Scale Drawing - Features of a plain scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define plain scale drawing
- Identify features of a plain scale used in drawing
- Appreciate the importance of plain scales in drawing

- Use print or digital media to search for information on plain scales
- Discuss the features of a plain scale
- Draw and label the features of a plain scale
- Create charts showing different plain scales

What are the features of a plain scale?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 41
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing books
- Digital devices
- Charts showing plain scales

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Communication

Plain Scale Drawing - Constructing a plain scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of constructing a plain scale
- Demonstrate how to construct a plain scale
- Show interest in scale drawing

- Use drawing instruments to construct a plain scale
- Follow step-by-step instructions for constructing plain scales
- Practice constructing plain scales with different representative fractions
- Share and evaluate constructed plain scales

How is a plain scale constructed?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 41
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing books
- Plain papers
- Charts showing construction steps

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Plain Scale Drawing - Interpreting a plain scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Read measurements from a plain scale
- Convert measurements according to the scale
- Show confidence in interpreting plain scales

- Discuss how to read plain scales
- Practice reading measurements from different plain scales
- Convert actual measurements to scaled measurements and vice versa
- Solve problems involving plain scale interpretation

How do we interpret measurements from a plain scale?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 43
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing books
- Plain scales
- Measurement problems

- Observation - Problem-solving assessment - Oral questions - Written tests

Communication

Plain Scale Drawing - Drawing plane figures to scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert actual measurements to drawing measurements using a given scale
- Draw plane figures according to a given scale
- Show accuracy in scale drawing

- Use visual aids to identify drawings drawn to different scales
- Practice drawing plane figures to a given plain scale
- Calculate drawing dimensions from actual dimensions using representative fractions
- Create scale drawings of simple objects

How do we convert actual measurements to drawing measurements?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 45
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing books
- Plain papers
- Rulers and calculators

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Calculation accuracy - Practical demonstration

Communication

Plain Scale Drawing - Applications of scale drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of scale drawing in different fields
- Draw objects to scale for specific purposes
- Appreciate the importance of scale drawing in real-life applications

- Practice drawing plane figures to a given plain scale
- Discuss applications of scale drawing in architecture, engineering, and cartography
- Create scale drawings of classroom objects or school buildings
- Share and evaluate scale drawings

How is scale drawing applied in different fields?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 48
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing books
- Plain papers
- Examples of scale drawings

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Oral presentations - Peer evaluation

Communication

Plain Scale Drawing - Applications of scale drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of scale drawing in different fields
- Draw objects to scale for specific purposes
- Appreciate the importance of scale drawing in real-life applications

- Practice drawing plane figures to a given plain scale
- Discuss applications of scale drawing in architecture, engineering, and cartography
- Create scale drawings of classroom objects or school buildings
- Share and evaluate scale drawings

How is scale drawing applied in different fields?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 48
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing books
- Plain papers
- Examples of scale drawings

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Oral presentations - Peer evaluation

Communication

Plain Scale Drawing - Applications of scale drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of scale drawing in different fields
- Draw objects to scale for specific purposes
- Appreciate the importance of scale drawing in real-life applications

- Practice drawing plane figures to a given plain scale
- Discuss applications of scale drawing in architecture, engineering, and cartography
- Create scale drawings of classroom objects or school buildings
- Share and evaluate scale drawings

How is scale drawing applied in different fields?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 48
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing books
- Plain papers
- Examples of scale drawings

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Oral presentations - Peer evaluation

Communication

Plain Scale Drawing - Use of plain scale drawing in work environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the uses of plain scale drawing in a work environment
- Identify professions that utilize scale drawing
- Value the importance of scale drawing in various industries

- Discuss the uses of plain scale drawing in the work environment
- Analyze examples of scale drawings used in different industries
- Research and present on how different professions use scale drawing
- Create presentations on the importance of scale drawing

How is plain scale drawing used in various work environments?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 49
- Drawing instruments
- Examples of professional scale drawings
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Research evaluation

Communication

Visual Programming - Meaning of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define visual programming and visual programming applications
- Identify characteristics of visual programming
- Show interest in visual programming

- Brainstorm on the meaning of the terms 'visual programming' and 'visual programming application'
- Study pictures of visual programming environments
- Discuss the characteristics of visual programming
- Compare visual programming to text-based programming

What is visual programming and how does it differ from traditional programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 51
- Digital devices
- Pictures of visual programming environments
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Class discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Meaning of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define visual programming and visual programming applications
- Identify characteristics of visual programming
- Show interest in visual programming

- Brainstorm on the meaning of the terms 'visual programming' and 'visual programming application'
- Study pictures of visual programming environments
- Discuss the characteristics of visual programming
- Compare visual programming to text-based programming

What is visual programming and how does it differ from traditional programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 51
- Digital devices
- Pictures of visual programming environments
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Class discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Types of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of visual programming applications used in day-to-day life
- Classify visual programming applications based on their purpose
- Appreciate the diversity of visual programming applications

- Use available resources to search for information on types of visual programming applications (Educational, Multimedia, Video games)
- Categorize visual programming applications based on their purpose
- Create presentations on different types of visual programming applications
- Discuss the uses of different visual programming applications

What types of visual programming applications are commonly used?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 52
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Examples of visual programming applications

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Research evaluation

Communication

Visual Programming - Types of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of visual programming applications used in day-to-day life
- Classify visual programming applications based on their purpose
- Appreciate the diversity of visual programming applications

- Use available resources to search for information on types of visual programming applications (Educational, Multimedia, Video games)
- Categorize visual programming applications based on their purpose
- Create presentations on different types of visual programming applications
- Discuss the uses of different visual programming applications

What types of visual programming applications are commonly used?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 52
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Examples of visual programming applications

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Research evaluation

Communication

Visual Programming - Examples of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify specific examples of visual programming applications
- Explain the features of different visual programming applications
- Show interest in exploring visual programming applications

- Brainstorm on examples of visual programming applications (Microsoft MakeCode, Scratch, Sprite box)
- Identify visual programming applications shown by their icons
- Discuss the features of each visual programming application
- Compare different visual programming applications

What are the popular visual programming applications available today?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 54
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Icons of visual programming applications

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Class discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Features of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of visual programming applications
- Categorize features based on their function
- Value the user-friendly nature of visual programming applications

- Launch and discuss the different features of visual programming applications
- Identify features such as input, processing, output, and effects
- Categorize features based on their function
- Create presentations on the features of visual programming applications

What features make visual programming applications user-friendly?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 55
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Features of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of visual programming applications
- Categorize features based on their function
- Value the user-friendly nature of visual programming applications

- Launch and discuss the different features of visual programming applications
- Identify features such as input, processing, output, and effects
- Categorize features based on their function
- Create presentations on the features of visual programming applications

What features make visual programming applications user-friendly?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 55
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Input features in visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify input features in visual programming applications
- Demonstrate how to use input features
- Show confidence in using input features

- Open the scratch application and explore input features
- Use the "Ask command" from the sensing blocks
- Demonstrate how to input different types of data
- Create simple programs using input features

How do input features work in visual programming applications?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 56
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Program assessment - Class discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Terminologies used in visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify terminologies used in visual programming
- Explain the meaning of different programming terminologies
- Show interest in understanding programming concepts

- Search for the meaning of terminologies used in visual programming
- Discuss terms such as syntax, variables, input/output statements, coding, coding blocks, and sequence statements
- Create a glossary of programming terms
- Use these terms in context

Why is it important to understand programming terminologies?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Programming glossaries

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Glossary assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Terminologies used in visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify terminologies used in visual programming
- Explain the meaning of different programming terminologies
- Show interest in understanding programming concepts

- Search for the meaning of terminologies used in visual programming
- Discuss terms such as syntax, variables, input/output statements, coding, coding blocks, and sequence statements
- Create a glossary of programming terms
- Use these terms in context

Why is it important to understand programming terminologies?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Programming glossaries

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Glossary assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Sequence statements in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define sequence statements in programming
- Create simple programs using sequence statements
- Appreciate the importance of proper sequencing in programming

- Discuss the meaning and importance of sequence statements in programming
- Create simple programs using sequence statements
- Test and debug sequence-based programs
- Share and evaluate created programs

Why is the correct sequence important in programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Sequence statements in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define sequence statements in programming
- Create simple programs using sequence statements
- Appreciate the importance of proper sequencing in programming

- Discuss the meaning and importance of sequence statements in programming
- Create simple programs using sequence statements
- Test and debug sequence-based programs
- Share and evaluate created programs

Why is the correct sequence important in programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Variables in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define variables in programming
- Create and use variables in simple programs
- Show interest in understanding variable concepts

- Discuss the meaning and importance of variables in programming
- Create simple programs using variables
- Demonstrate how to declare, assign, and use variables
- Share and evaluate created programs

How are variables used in programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Variables in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define variables in programming
- Create and use variables in simple programs
- Show interest in understanding variable concepts

- Discuss the meaning and importance of variables in programming
- Create simple programs using variables
- Demonstrate how to declare, assign, and use variables
- Share and evaluate created programs

How are variables used in programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Repeating statements in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define repeating statements in programming
- Create simple programs using repeating statements
- Appreciate the efficiency of using loops in programming

- Discuss the meaning and importance of repeating statements in programming
- Create simple programs using repeating statements such as "forever," "repeat until," and "repeat n times"
- Test and debug loop-based programs
- Share and evaluate created programs

Why are repeating statements essential in programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Repeating statements in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define repeating statements in programming
- Create simple programs using repeating statements
- Appreciate the efficiency of using loops in programming

- Discuss the meaning and importance of repeating statements in programming
- Create simple programs using repeating statements such as "forever," "repeat until," and "repeat n times"
- Test and debug loop-based programs
- Share and evaluate created programs

Why are repeating statements essential in programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Selection statements in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define selection statements in programming
- Create simple programs using selection statements
- Show interest in understanding decision-making in programming

- Discuss the meaning and importance of selection statements in programming
- Create simple programs using selection statements such as "if-then" and "if-then-else"
- Test and debug selection-based programs
- Share and evaluate created programs

How do selection statements enable decision-making in programs?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating a simple animation (Cat walking)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a simple animation program
- Create an animation of a cat walking and saying "meow"
- Show creativity in programming animations

- Follow guided steps to open a new project in Scratch
- Create a program that animates a cat walking and saying "meow"
- Test and debug the animation program
- Share and evaluate created animations

How can we create simple animations using visual programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 58
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Animation assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating a simple animation (Cat walking)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a simple animation program
- Create an animation of a cat walking and saying "meow"
- Show creativity in programming animations

- Follow guided steps to open a new project in Scratch
- Create a program that animates a cat walking and saying "meow"
- Test and debug the animation program
- Share and evaluate created animations

How can we create simple animations using visual programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 58
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Animation assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating an animation (Flying bat)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a complex animation program
- Create an animation of a flying bat
- Show creativity and problem-solving skills in programming

- Follow guided steps to create a new project in Scratch
- Select appropriate backgrounds and sprites for a flying bat animation
- Create a program that animates a bat flying
- Test and debug the animation program

How can we create more complex animations with multiple elements?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 60
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Animation assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating an animation with user interaction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan an interactive animation program
- Create an animation that responds to user input
- Appreciate the importance of user interaction in programming

- Discuss the importance of user interaction in programs
- Create an animation that responds to keyboard or mouse input
- Test and debug the interactive animation program
- Share and evaluate created animations

How can we make our animations interactive?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 62
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Animation assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating an animation with user interaction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan an interactive animation program
- Create an animation that responds to user input
- Appreciate the importance of user interaction in programming

- Discuss the importance of user interaction in programs
- Create an animation that responds to keyboard or mouse input
- Test and debug the interactive animation program
- Share and evaluate created animations

How can we make our animations interactive?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 62
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Animation assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Importance of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of visual programming in day-to-day life
- Identify applications of visual programming in different fields
- Value the role of visual programming in problem-solving

- Discuss on the importance of visual programming in day-to-day life
- Research and present on applications of visual programming in education, entertainment, and other fields
- Debate on the impact of visual programming on learning and creativity
- Create presentations on the future of visual programming

How has visual programming transformed problem-solving and creativity?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 62
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Case studies on visual programming applications

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Debate participation

Communication

Visual Programming - Importance of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of visual programming in day-to-day life
- Identify applications of visual programming in different fields
- Value the role of visual programming in problem-solving

- Discuss on the importance of visual programming in day-to-day life
- Research and present on applications of visual programming in education, entertainment, and other fields
- Debate on the impact of visual programming on learning and creativity
- Create presentations on the future of visual programming

How has visual programming transformed problem-solving and creativity?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 62
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Case studies on visual programming applications

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Debate participation